Happinessisforeveryone.Infact，-优题课

How to investigate

①Planning

•Decide on a scientific problem to investigate

For example， a student named Mary has decided to research into how quickly sugar dissolves（溶解） in water．

•Write down your hypothesis

You may already have an idea of what you expect to happen in your investigation． This idea is called your hypothesis． It may not be right! It is just an idea， though it may be based on work in science which you have done before． The aim of your investigation is to test your idea．

•Decide what variables（变量） you are dealing with

Things like temperature， size， weight， and colour are called variables． Variables are things you can

measure（测量）．

In your investigation， you have to decide what the variables are， which ones you will keep fixed， and which you will change．

You need to change just one variable at a time． If lots of variables change at once． it won't be a good test．

•Decide what equipment you need， and in what order you will do things

•Prepare tables for your results

②Getting your evidence（数据）

•Make your measurements， and record your results

③Reaching conclusions

•Look for patterns in your results

•Present your conclusions

What links（关联） did you find between any of the variables？ How would you explain these links？

④Checking your findings

•Compare your conclusions and hypothesis

Do your results support your idea？

（1）What does the underlined word "hypothesis" most probably mean？　　

A． reason

B． result

C． method

D． guess

（2）In Mary's investigation， which of the following about the variables is true？　　

A． She can only change one variable at a time．

B． Some of the variables can't be measured．

C． Her weight and age can be the variables．

D． The temperature of water cannot be a variable．

（3）What is the passage mainly about？　　

A． How to do a scientific research．

B． How to explain a scientific finding．

C． How to deal with a chemistry problem．

D． How to understand some chemistry knowledge．

Summer is finally here for most of us． Sadly， summer is not so pleasant to people in a bit less lucky places， where air conditioning（空调） is not easy to get for most of them．

But as a saying goes， where there is a will， there is a way， especially for those who like doing it

yourself（DIY）． A young man from Bangladesh（孟加拉国） designed an air conditioning system called the Eco Cooler， one that does not require power， and is made of the world's most common waste﹣plastic bottles．

The Eco Cooler is super simple to build﹣no special engineering skills are required． First， to fix it，

a window should be taken away and replaced（替代） by it． Second， a board should be cut into the size of a window． Some bottle﹣neck sized holes should then be cut onto the board． Then， the funnel﹣shaped（漏斗状） bottlenecks， cut from the plastic bottles， should be put into the holes．The next step is to fix the design onto the window frame（框） with the wider side facing outwards． And this is it．

The Eco Cooler then works by catching the winds and sending them inside the building． It can reduce the temperature of a room by as much as 5°C﹣a big difference when looking at comfortable 25°C compared to uncomfortable 30°C．

The idea of the inventor， Ashis Paul， was to show his great product to as many People as possible． For this purpose， he received help from some groups of volunteers． Together， they offered to help local people build and fix the units，as well as teach them how to make them themselves．

Yes， the Eco Cooler is not a super high﹣tech air conditioning system， but it is one that can make a

big difference．

（1）When building the Eco Cooler， we should pay special attention to　　．

A． the shape of the window

B． the direction of bottlenecks

C． the temperature of the outside

D． the weight of the board

（2）What can we learn from the passage？　　

A． Ashis Paul is a clever inventor and a successful businessman．

B． An Eco Cooler can fix the room temperature to comfortable 25°C．

C． The new invention of Eco Cooler is friendly to the environment．

D． Local people will replace their air conditioner with an Eco Cooler．

（3）What's the best title of this passage？　　

A． DIY air conditioning made from plastic bottles

B． Eco Cooler﹣﹣a super high﹣tech air conditioner

C． Why do we need an Eco Cooler in summer？

D． A strong﹣willed inventor and his DIY dream

You see people in movies celebrating a white Christmas in England or the United States．But Christmas in Australian is different．

The holiday，celebrated on Dec 25，comes at the hottest time of the year in Australia．The temperature is usually about 30°C in most cities and can even be over 40°C．There is certainly no white Christmas in Australia．

Because it is so hot，the tradition is to have a lunch outside and to swim in the pool or beach．Most people have a one﹣week holiday during this time，so they will travel to meet their family for Christmas lunch．Christmas lunch is usually a big meal of ham，turkey，salad and fresh seafood．（43）Family members all cook something different to bring to the big meal． I always enjoy Christmas lunch because there are lots of good cooks in the family．One year my aunt even made a delicious gingerbread house（姜饼屋） that we ate for desert．

Children get presents from"Santa Claus"and are always excited to play with them．（44）It is a fun time to play or swim in the pool with the other members of your family．

The sport of cricket（板球） is very popular in Australia and another tradition is to play a game of cricket in your backyard．I always enjoyed playing with my uncle and cousins when I was growing up．

So Australia might not have a white Christmas．But it is still a very exciting and fun time of the year．

请务必将41﹣45小题的答案写在答题卡的相应位置！

（一）根据短文内容简要回答问题．

41．Why is there no white Christmas in Australia？

42．What sports are mentioned in this passage？

（二）将短文中划线的句子译成汉语．

43．　　

44．　　

（三）请给短文拟一个适当的题目．

45．　　．

There was an eight﹣year﹣old girl named Jane Eyre who parents had passed away．Jane used to live with her aunt and her three spoiled（宠坏的） children．Her cousin always got her into trouble so her aunt did not want to look after her anymore．Soon，Jane was sent to a school far away home．

On her first day at school，the headmaster，Mr．Brock introduced Jane to the other pupils．He told them that no one was allowed to talk or sit beside Jane because she was a winched（坏） child．He punished her by making her stand in a comer that day．She was very sad and lonely．Nobody dared to disobey（不服从）Mr．Brock or they would have to clean the school hall all night．The pupils had no enough food to eat and they were usually hungry．Jane felt very miserable there．

Ten years later．Jane completed her schooling．She was glad get away from the school．She worked for a rich man named Mr．Rochester．Jane was asked to look after his young daughter，Adele．Jane liked working in the house．However，Mr．Rochester was a strange man．He was very quiet and always looked sad．Jane felt sorry for him and was kind to him．Jane would spend time talking to him．Soon，little by little，his sadness lifted．

18．Who did Jane live with before she was sent to a school？　　

A．Her parents．B．Her grandparents．

C．Her aunt and cousins．D．Her brothers and sisters

19．How would Mr．Brock punish the pupils who disobeyed him？　　

A．He would take away their meals．

B．He would ask their parents to the school．

C．He would make them stand in a corner all day．

D．He would make them clean the school hall all night．

20．What does underlined word"miserable"mean in this passage？　　

A．荣耀的 B．不幸的 C．满足的 D．遗憾的

21．According to this passage，which of the following is NOT TRUE about Mr．Rochester？　__　

A．He was a very rich man．

B．He asked Jane to look after his daughter．

C．He was very strange and quiet．

D．He was a happy man and liked to help others．

Dogs are very sociable（合群的） animals．When owners go out and leave their dogs alone，the dogs get worried and upset．Dogs should be trained to be their own while still young instead of when they are older and set in their ways．When owners are not around，they should provide some toys for their dogs to play with．Leaving the radio or television turned on might also provide relaxing background noise．

Howling（嚎叫） is a form of communication．Dogs do it to tell one another where they are．Some dogs howl when they are lonely，while others do it when greeting strangers whom they are seeing for the first time．Some even howl to music and do this because it is fun．

When it comes to training dogs，giving rewards（奖赏） is a far better way than using punishment．Food makes an excellent reward，and if they do not respond（反应） to this，owners should try touching．Dogs like being touched by owners very much．Words of praise work well too，but not as well as food or touch．It helps if owners spend more time with their dogs．

（1）When should dogs be trained to be on their own？　　

A．When they are born．

B．When they are young．

C．When they are worried．

D．When they are older．

（2）Why should the owners leave the television turned on when they are not at home？　　

A．Because they think their dogs like watching TV．

B．Because they think watching TV helps to train dogs．

C．Because they want to make their dogs feel less worried．

D．Because they want their dogs to learn some skill from TV programs．

（3）What is the second paragraph of the passage mainly about？　　

A．Dogs howl to music．

B．Dogs howl to tell where they are．

C．Dogs howl to communicate．

D．Dogs howl to show they are lonely．

（4）According to this passage，which of the following isn't a good way to train dogs？　　

A．Punishing the dogs．

B．Spending more time with the dogs．

C．Giving rewards to the dogs．

D．Giving words of praise to the dogs．