You have signed on for months of hard work．You're far from home．The pay is bad．The food is worse．You find rare comfort in the simple songs that you and your work mates sing．
This is what a sailor's life was like in the 1800s．The songs sung aboard ships were called sea shanties．You have probably heard a shanty or two yourself．Many of these songs have lasted through the years．They can often be found in surprising places today．
Sea Shanties Then ．．．
Sea shanties were valuable friends to sailors．Some shanties, such as "Blow the Man Down," had lively words and melodies．They broke up the boredom of long trips．Other shanties, including one called "Oh, Shenandoah," had a sadder tone．They helped seafarers express longing and loneliness．Still other shanties, such as "Leave Her, Johnny," let sailors complain about their hard lives．
But the first job of the sea shanty was to help the men work as a team．Ships had sails that were controlled by a system of moving ropes．For many jobs, all of the sailors had to pull on the ropes at once．
When faced with such a job, the shantyman, or song leader, began a tune．The crew joined in on the chorus, and it might have sounded like a playful sing-along．But when the sailors came to a certain beat, they knew it was the signal to pull together with all their might．
Raising or lowering the anchor called for a rhythm with a slow, steady motion．Then, the shantyman would choose a shanty with a slow, steady beat to match the job．Each duty on the sailing ship had its own rhythm and its own kind of song．
．．．and Sea Shanties Now
Sea shanties have been passed down to us in much the same way as folk stories．Long ago, someone came up with a memorable idea and melody．Others repeated the shanty, often adding changes along the way．
Over time, people saw the sea shanty for the treasure it was．Like any treasure, shanties were collected．Many were written down in books．
Where do the old shanties appear now? Today's musical artists love the fun, beauty, and history of these songs．Many musicians, including Bob Dylan and Harry Belafonte, have their own versions of "Oh, Shenandoah．" One group, the Robert Shaw Chorale, recorded a collection of shanties．
In Hollywood, shanties serve as a symbol of the sea．A fisherman sings the shanty "Spanish Ladies" in the film Jaws．The cartoon character Woody Woodpecker whistles "Blow the Man Down" when he finds himself aboard a pirate's ship．
Today, shanties tell us about shipboard life more than one hundred years ago．They help us understand what the working sailor sang and perhaps thought about．
So the next time you're doing a boring task, try making up a tune to go along with it．Time may pass more quickly, and your job may seem easier．Also, you may understand why sailors loved those old songs of the sea．The main purpose of the sea shanty in the 1800s was________．
| A．to communicate with passing ships |
| B．to help sailors work together as a team |
| C．to allow sailors to complain about the food |
| D．to give sailors an opportunity to record their music |
Today, sea shanties are mainly used________．
| A．to provide material for musical artists to record |
| B．to provide a source of music for Hollywood films |
| C．to help sailors work together aboard modem ships |
| D．to help people understand the lives of sailors of the past |
The author uses two subheadings(小标题) within the article in order to_______．
| A．compare sea shanties to modem sailing songs |
| B．describe how popular sea shanties are with musicians |
| C．compare how sea shanties have been used over the years |
| D．describe how sea shanties have influenced Hollywood films |
Which of these topics would most probably be included in this article?
| A．The work of sailors today． |
| B．The cost of sailing ships in the 1800s． |
| C．Other sailing duties that were made easier by sea shanties． |
| D．Some music studios where sea shanties are recorded today． |
45．According to information in the article, a movie director today would most likely use a shanty________．
| A．to make a scene about sailors more realistic |
| B．to give a musician a chance to record the song |
| C．to make the crew's daily chores pass more quickly |
| D．to express the loneliness of making a film away from home |
More teachers are starting off the school year with letters to parents and students to introduce themselves and set a tone (基调) for the year．The letters are a good way to start positive communication with parents, several teachers told Education World．
“I think it’s professional (专业的)，”said Dorothy Peselli, an English teacher at Sparta High School in Sparta, New Jersay, Peselli, who gives out the letters the first day of school, told Education World．“It gives parents an image of you as a professional．If you start communication off in a positive manner, you will have the parents on your side when you need them．”
In her letter to parents, Peselli encourages them to call or e-mail her with specific concerns about their children．“I want to work as a team to make sure that your child becomes an independent lifelong learner,” Peselli wrote to parents last September．She also telephones the parents of all
her students at the beginning of the year．
Peselli includes with the letter a classroom handbook (手册)listing plans and rules ．And she requires that both parents and students read and sign statements (included in the letter!) that they read the handbook．The student letter also lists needed supplies and gives encouragement．“Please come to class ready to work and learn．This will be an exciting year for all of us,” it says
Last year, Peselli taught at a different high school and parents there were “shocked”, but appreciative, that she had so much contact with them,“I received roses and a thank-you note from one boy and his mother”．Peselli said．She wished her own children’s teachers would take the time to write notes as well．“I never got a letter home from any of my daughter’s high school teachers．” she said, “It would be nice to know the background of some of the people who are teaching my daughter．”We may learn from the text that
| A．most teachers are writing letters to parents and students |
| B．the handbook is used to list supplies and give encouragement |
| C．Peselli believe it important for teachers to exchange information with parents |
| D．Peselli mainly introduces her background and teaching experiences in the letters |
The underlined word “it” in the fourth paragraph refers to
| A．the handbook | B．the requirement |
| C．the school | D．the letter |
We can infer from the last paragraph that
| A．parents were satisfied with Peselli’s way of working |
| B．Peselli means to surprise parents by writing students |
| C．Peselli seemed to be popular among boy students |
| D．all Peselli’s children are studying in high schools |
The purpose of the text is to．
| A．introduce an English teaching method |
| B．give advice on how to teach students |
| C．encourage teachers to keep in touch with parents |
| D．show us how Dorothy Peselli makes teaching plans |
During my high school years, the most important thing was what I was wearing to the Friday night dance and who I was taking．Although college was talked about, it was the least of my worries．
When I was graduating eighth grade and starting high school, my elder brother was graduating twelfth grade and going onto college．For my graduation, he gave me a card in which he wrote, “Enjoy your four years…they go by fast．” I remember not believing him then, but looking back…he was right．Those four years shaped who I was as a person, pushed me to my limit and encouraged me to become an adult．
However, I was so completely absorbed in my junior and senior years of high school, that when someone spoke of college I brushed it off．I wasn't ready to leave my comfort zone of having all of my closest friends together and knowing what every single day was going to be like．Studying was something I did only AFTER I nailed my half-time dance performance．I knew my parents wanted me to go to college, so I told them I would go to community college (社区学院) and I didn’t worry about my SAT（美国大学入学考试）scores．
When my senior year passed and everyone graduated and went off to their own college, I started to wish I had done the same．My friends were living away, meeting new people, discovering new places, and I was living at home and driving to and from class every day．It seemed exactly like high school．I hated it! I thought college was supposed to be different! Why didn’t I take more time to research colleges and do the same? I ended up loving college and wishing I had four years to enjoy the campus atmosphere instead of two．
My advice to anyone thinking about attending college is to think about it very seriously and look into all of your choices well ahead of time．Now I have graduate and I am working full time and I would do anything to 
go back to my high school days for a second chance!Why didn’t the author worry about his SAT scores?
| A．He wanted to go to community college． |
| B．He had been admitted for his gift in dance． |
| C．He was well prepared for the exam． |
D．He b elieved his brother would help him． |
When in high school, the author
| A．drove to and from class every day． |
| B．buried himself in his study all the time． |
| C．enjoyed talking about future college life． |
| D．lived in the school except on holidays． |
What did the author’s brother mean by “Enjoy your four years…they go by fast”?
| A．He wished the author to have more dance． |
| B．He advised the author to value the years． |
| C．He encouraged the author to leave his comfort zone． |
| D．He suggested the author aim at a community college． |
Talking of his high school years, the author feels．
| A．regretful | B．lonely | C．angry | D．pleased |
E
There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process．People have generally viewed personal growth as an external（外在的）result or a product that can easily be identified and measured．The worker who gets a rise, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language—all these examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts．
By contrast（对照）, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since it is a journey and not the specific signpost or landmarks along the way．The process is not the road itself, but the attitudes, feelings people have, and their caution or courage, as they meet with new experiences and unexpected difficulties．In this process, the journey never really ends, there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept．
In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to face the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may“fail”at first．How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is necessary for our ability to grow．Do we see ourselves as quick and curious? If so, we tend to take more chances and be more open to unfamiliar experiences．Do we think we’re shy and indecisive? Then our sense of fear can cause us to hesitate, to move slowy, and we think we are slow to adapt（适应）changes or that we’re not smart enough to deal with a new challenge．Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all．
These feelings of insecurity（不安全）and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow．If we protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing．We become trapped inside a shell of our own making．
56．In the author’s eyes, one who views personal growth as a process would________．
A．succeed in climbing up the social ladder
B．grow up from his own achievement
C．face difficulties and take up challenges
D．aim high and reach his goal each 
time
57．Which of the following can be viewed as the process of personal growing?
A．Our manager was always willing to accept new challenges．
B．Jane won the first prize in the speech competition．
C．Jeny picked up French during his stay in Paris．
D．Father’s salary rose from 5,000 to 7,000．
58．For Personal growth, the author is in favor of all the following EXCEPT ________．
A．being curious about more changes
B．being quick in self-adapation
C．having an open mind to new experiences
D．staying away from failures and challenges
59．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．It is not so easy to measure personal growth．
B．To try and fail on the new road facing the unknown is unavoidable．
C．There are only two ways to see a person’s growth．
D．If you are too shy to take any risks in life, you cannot grow
60．The best title for this passase should be_____________．
A．Facing New Challenges B．Growth—Product or Process
C．Two Basic Ways of Growth D．Overcoming Internal Fears
D
It is hard to predict（预言）how science is going to turn out, and whether it is really good science, it is impossible to predict．If the things to be found are actually new, they must be unknown in advance．You cannot make choices on this matter．You either have science or you don’t and if you have it you have to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and useful bits．
The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we don’t know enough about nature．Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology．It is, in its way, a clear piece of news．It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century to be told by any of us how little we know and how strange the way ahead seems．In earlier times, they either pretended to understand how things worked or simply made up stories to give answers．Now that we have begun exploring seriously, we are catching sight of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered．Because of this, we are sorry．It is not so bad being ignorant（无知的）if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some details the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not so bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted．
But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction．There are probably no questions we can think up that can’t be answered, sooner or later．Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention．
51．Acoording to the writer, really good science________．
A．would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century．
B．will help people to make the right choice in advance
C．will produce results which cannot be predicted
D．will bring about disturbing results
52．It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century________．
A．thought that they knew a great deal and could deal with most problems of science．
B．knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about nature
C．were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific research
D．did more harm than good in man’s understanding of nature
53．Which of the following is NOT mentioned about scientists in earlier times?
A．They falsely declared to know all about nature．
B．They did not believe in results from scientific observation．
C．They paid little attention to the problems they didn’t understand．
D．They invented false rules to explain things they didn’t understand．
54．What is the writer’s attitude towards science?
A．He is sorry because of the ignorance of scientists．
B．He is delighted because of the latest scientific findings．
C．He is doubtful because of the great difficulties in scientific research．
D．He is confident though he knows well the great difficulties in scientific research．
55．The writer believes that sooner or later________．
A．man can’t deal with all the problems he can find because of the limits of human knowledge．
B．man can find solutions to whatever questions concerning nature he can think up
C．questions concerning nature are outsiede the field of scientific research
D．man can think up all the questions and answer them all．
C
The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, painfree life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever getting real happiness．If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness．But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness is connected with some pain．
As a result, many people avoid the very attempts（尝试）that are the source of true happiness They fear the pain brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment（承担的义务），self-improvement．
Ask a bachelor（单身汉）why he refuses marriages even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying, if he’s honest he will tell you afraid of making a commitment．For commitment is in fact painful．The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement．Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most unusual features．
Couples with baby children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three-day vacation．I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children．But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild．
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has noting to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations．It liberates（解放）time; now we can devote more hours to activities that can increase our happiness．It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless．And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all．
48．Raising children, in the author’s opinion, is________．
A．a duty we should have to perform B．a thankless job
C．a source of pain that can’t be avoided D．a rewarding task
49．To understand what true happiness is one must________．
A．have as much fun as possible during ones lifetime
B．make every effort to free oneself from pain
C．put up with pain in all conditions
D．be able to tell happiness from fun
50．What is the writer trying to tell us?
A．One must know how to get happiness
B．Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain
C．It is important to make commitments
D．Pain usually leads to happiness