How would we travel without maps? It would be a bit adventurous (冒险的) to set off from Oxford University to go to London Bridge if there wasn't a map of the London Underground at each station. In fact, a lot of the early map-makers were adventurers and explorers, especially in the 15th and 16th centuries.
So what did people do before there were maps? Well, it was quite easy to use natural signs like mountains and rivers if you were travelling on foot or riding a horse. People took small boats down rivers and followed coastlines. And it was much more logical (合理的) to use time, not distance, to measure (计量) journeys: the next village is a three-hour ride, for example.
In fact, in the earliest maps, people didn't draw landmarks. They drew the stars. It was very easy to see the night sky and use it for navigation (航行). The sky was a lot clearer before the light pollution from cities that we have today. When towns and cities were built, people drew road maps which gave correct distances and directions.
The London Underground was opened in 1863 and it also used a road map style. But a man called Henry Beck realized that travelling by train wasn't the same as driving your car across London. Passengers only needed to know which stations to change at. His new design (设计) for the Underground map wasn't very popular with the train companies at first. But the passengers loved it and in 1933, 700,000 copies were printed.
These days, of course, you can ride a bike, drive a car or go through a forest and know where you are exactly, using a GPS. It's really difficult to get lost!What was drawn in the earliest maps?
| A．Stars. | B．Landmarks. |
| C．Cities and towns, | D．Mountains and rivers. |
When did road maps come out?
| A．Around 15th and 16th centuries. |
| B．When people began to travel by train. |
| C．When people began to travel by sea. |
| D．When cities and towns appeared. |
Which of the following is true?
| A．A GPS helped people to travel long time ago. |
| B．Ancient people could travel on a horse without maps. |
| C．The sky was polluted by light before cities were built. |
| D．Henry Beck's map wasn't popular with the passengers. |
What is the main idea of the passage?
| A．Maps have a long history. |
| B．We never get lost these days. |
| C．We can't travel without maps. |
| D．Henry Beck designed a new map. |
A serious earthquake can be a terrible experience, and it is easy to forget safety measures(措施) in disorder(混乱). Fortunately, most earthquake safety measures are common sense, but if you forget everything else, remember the following instructions: drop, cover, and hold on. Also, most of earthquake deaths happen after the earthquake, so remember that the danger does not end when the shaking does!
If you stay indoors during an earthquake, move away from unsupported areas and windows. Try to get under a doorway or another area of the building which is held up by strong beams(梁). Stay under a table or desk only if it is very strong. Do not rush to lifts, because it is far safer to stay where you are. Cover your head with your arms around it and curl (蜷缩) into a ball, and wait for the shaking to stop.
If you stay outdoors during an earthquake, move to an area which is as open as possible. Don’t move to buildings, electric poles and other objects which may fall during an earthquake and injure you. Protect your head and stay low to the ground till the shaking ends and it is safe to move.
After an earthquake, many buildings are less strong, although they appear safe. If you stay indoors, move people from the building quickly and help disabled or injured people. Once outdoors, move well away from the building so that if it falls down, you will not be injured. Wait till public safety officials announce that it is safe to stay indoors.
By planning ahead and keeping calm during an earthquake, you can greatly increase your chances of survival(生存) without injury.The underlined word “Fortunately” in the first paragraph means ____________.
| A．especially | B．gradually |
| C．luckily | D．finally |
We can learn from the passage that earthquake safety measures ____________.
| A．are planned for children | B．help us to keep safe |
| C．are not necessary | D．are not easy to understand |
According to the passage, it isn’t a good choice ___________ during an earthquake.
| A．to take a lift |
| B．to stay under a strong table |
| C．to get under a doorway |
| D．to cover the head with arms around it |
If you stay outdoors during an earthquake, you can do all the following except ___________.
| A．trying to protect your head |
| B．moving to an open place |
| C．moving away from buildings |
| D．taking the disabled people into the room |
The purpose of the passage is mainly to tell us how to ____________.
| A．stay away from an earthquake |
| B．predict an earthquake |
| C．control an earthquake |
| D．keep safe during and after an earthquake |
Imagine one day, the water taps(水龙头) in your house stop running. You have to buy water from shops. And still there isn’t enough for everyone. Your mother has to save the family’s shower water to do other things. Would you be able to stand that kind of life?
Probably not. But that’s what kids in Yemen are experiencing. Experts said Yemen is going to be the first country in the world to run out of water. According to a report, the capital, Sana, will run out of drinking water as early as 2025.
Because of the shortage, the government often cuts the water supply(供应). Hannan, an 18-year-old from Lahej, told Times: “In a good week we’ll have a water supply all week. But then the following week there will be water only for a day or two.”
Hannan said only rich people have enough water to use. They can buy water from the shops or from the water trucks. Private companies own the trucks. They travel around the city every day to sell water—at very high prices. “A lot of people can’t afford it,” she said.
The average (平均) person in Yemen uses 100 to 200 cubic（立方）meters of water per year. That is far below the international water poverty(贫困) line of 1,000 cubic meters.
The government is thinking of making use of seawater. But it will cost a lot and it may not happen soon enough to help the people of Yemen. _____________ is the name of the capital city of Yemen.
| A．Sana | B．Lahej |
| C．Hannan | D．Times |
A report shows that Sana will have ____________ as early as 2025.
| A．enough drinking water to use |
| B．no drinking water to use |
| C．no private companies |
| D．more water pollution |
What does the underlined word “shortage” in the third paragraph mean in Chinese?
| A．充足 | B．短缺 | C．干旱 | D．需求 |
We can infer(推断) from the passage that _____________.
| A．the poor don’t have to worry about the water supply |
| B．the 18-year-old boy is from a poor family |
| C．private companies make a lot of money |
| D．Lahej is a beautiful place |
Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?
| A．How to Save Water |
| B．How to Make Use of Seawater |
| C．How People Use Water Fully |
| D．Yemen is Facing Serious Water Shortage |
A
| Postman wanted No experience necessary but you must be Hardworking. Free to choose working hours. Have a driver’s license. Write to No. 38 Changhong Rd Xiangyang. |
English teacher wanted Warm and patient college students. Able to speak standard English, good with children. Time: on weekends. E-mail address: Sunshine School @163.com. |
| Taxi drivers wanted Full-time taxi drivers. Over five years’ Experience, good knowledge of the city. Under 45 years old. For more information, please come to Shunda Taxi Company to visit the manager. |
Tour guides wanted Two year’s working experience. Good English and good at talking to people. Age: 20-30. Go to Friendship Traveling Company to ask the Manager for more information. |
If you want to be a postman, it’s necessary for you to have _____________.
| A．working experience |
| B．good knowledge of the city |
| C．a driver’s license |
| D．a college student’s card |
Sunshine School needs _____________.
| A．excellent English teachers |
| B．a hard-working postman |
| C．full-time drivers |
| D．an outgoing tour guide |
If you want to be a taxi driver, you should _____________.
| A．be over 45 years old |
| B．know the city very well |
| C．write to No. 38 Changhong Rd. |
| D．speak English well |
The tour guides wanted should ____________.
| A．have no working experience |
| B．be patient with children |
| C．be good at driving |
| D．speak good English |
You can not get information by ___________ if you want to get a job above.
| A．making a call |
| B．going to visit the manager |
| C．sending an e-mail |
| D．writing a letter |
Molly Boylan is one of the most successful business women in Canada after setting up her cosmetic （化妆品） company Blazes in 1992. Though she is very successful, she says that she finds it harder every year in balance (平衡) her business with her family life. She sometimes feels that her two children know more about their baby---sitter than they do about her.
Molly employs (雇佣) around eighty people in her factory and warehouse, and ten others in her two new fashion stores, but her newest employee is the most important one for her. After years of worrying about her business more than her family, she has decided to make Sally Pamonte new general manager in her company. Molly will still be involved in decision- making, and she’s going to stay in touch with the people who work for her, but Sally is going to look after day-to-day running of the business so that Molly can spend more time with the kids.
The new arrangement (安排) is going to start on Monday, and both of them are already excited about it. Sally says, “I’m very nervous, actually, but I’m sure Molly will help me a lot in the early days, even though I hope she feels she can trust me not to make too many mistakes.”
Molly, on the other hand, seems quite relaxed about the whole thing. ”I know that Sally’s going to be a very nice manager.” she says, “She’s only been here a couple of days and she’s already shown me how to work out a few problems we were having. The best thing though is that I feel a hundred times happier than I’ve been in years. I mean, I honestly can’t remember the last time I felt as relaxed as this, and my kids are really excited about my being at home more. To be honest, I wish I had made this decision years ago.”The passage is mainly about _____________.
| A．Molly and her children |
| B．Molly finding a new manager |
| C．the baby-sitter and the kids |
| D．Molly making a change about her business |
The underlined phrase “be involved in” in the passage probably means_________.
| A．be interested in | B．take part in |
| C．be nervous about | D．learn about |
Sally seems to be a good manager because ___________.
| A．she has set up a new Blazes |
| B．she keeps in close touch with the workers |
| C．she has been able to solve a few problems |
| D．she has been working for the company since 1992 |
According to the passage, Molly ___________ .
| A．will not run her business any more |
| B．seems satisfied with the new arrangement |
| C．was not pleased with the baby-sitter |
| D．was successful both in her business and her family |
The best thing for Molly now is that _________.
| A．she has more than eighty people working for her |
| B．her kids know more about the baby-sitter |
| C．she can have more time to be with her kids |
| D．she has got a new general manager in her company |
Donna Ashlock, a 14-year-old girl from California, was very sick. She had a bad heart. “Donna needs a new heart,” her doctor said, “she must have a new heart, or she will die soon.”
Felipe Carza, 15, was worried about Donna. Felipe was Donna’s friend. He liked Donna very much. He liked her freckles, and he liked her smile. Felipe didn’t want Donna to die.
Felipe talked to his mother about Donna. “I am going to die,” Felipe told his mother, “and I am going to give my heat to Donna.”
Felipe’s mother didn’t pay much attention to Felipe. “Felipe is just kidding,” she thought, “Felipe is not going to die. He’s strong and healthy.”
But Felipe was not healthy. He had terrible headaches sometimes. “my head hurts,” he often told his friends. Felipe never told his parents about his headaches.
One morning Felipe woke up with a sharp pain in his head. He was dizzy (眩晕的), and he couldn’t breathe. His parents rushed Felipe to the hospital. Doctors at the hospital had terrible news for them. “Felipe’ s brain is dead,” the doctors said, “we can’t save him.”
The parents were very sad. But they remembered Felipe’s words. “Felipe wanted to give his heart to Donna,” they told the doctors.
The doctors did several tests. Then they told the parents, “we can give Felipe’s heart to Donna.”
The doctors took out Felipe’s heart and rushed the heart to Donna. Other doctors took out Donna’s heart and put Felipe’s heart in her chest. In a short time the heart began to beat.
The operation was a success. Felipe’s heart was beating in Donna’s chest, but Donna didn’t know it. Her parents and doctors didn’t tell her. They waited until she was stronger; then they told her about Felipe. “I feel very sad,” Donna said, “but I am thankful to Felipe.”
Three months later the operation Donna went back to school. She has to have regular checkups, and she has to take medicine every day. But she is living a normal life.
Felipe’s brother John says, “Every time we see Donna, we think of Felipe. She has Felipe‘s heart in her. That gives us great peace.”Felipe was worried about Donna because .
| A．she had freckles |
| B．she was very sick |
| C．she would have a new heart |
| D．she had a sharp pain in her head |
We learn from the passage that .
| A．Felipe promised Donna to give her his heart |
| B．Donna needed a new heart instead of her own |
| C．the doctors asked Felipe’s parents to donate his heart |
| D．Felipe never told anyone about his terrible headaches |
Donna knew nothing about Felipe’s heart until .
| A．Felipe’s parents told her the bad news |
| B．the operation was going to start |
| C．she was well and strong enough |
| D．she went back to school |
It is clear that .
| A．Felipe’s brother often goes to see Donna in hospital |
| B．Donna can live a normal life without medicine |
| C．the doctors did several tests during the operation |
| D．the Carza have great peace because of Donna |
Which of the following may probably be the best title for the passage?
| A．The Gift | B．The Operation |
| C．The Peace | D．The Illness |