Centuries ago, a group of people left India. No one really knows . Over time, they journeyed west to Europe, where most have ever since. These people called themselves the Roma. Europeans, thinking they came from Egypt, called them “gypsies.” Many people think of gypsies as groups of people. They are associated with colorful clothing, fortune telling and music. But this is not the real of Roma culture.
In fact, not all Roma are . Those in Western Europe have historically moved from place to place. But others who in Eastern Europe built homes and stayed in one place. Roma culture among regions. But most speak both the language of the people and their own language, Romany.
For centuries, Roma practiced trades. Some were horse traders or musicians. Others made things out of metal or wood. But today, Roma may be found in any .
Each Roma settlement developed its own style, combining local music with Roma traditions. These styles often sound to the music of the surrounding culture. However, most Roma music some characteristics, including the timing of the notes and the harmonies. Roma music has also affected the music of other . Roma influences have shaped European folk and classical music and even some American styles.
Like people of many cultures, the Roma love to tell . Their conversations often include brief references tales that the entire settlement knows. But they also tell long stories during the evenings or while working. Some stories are funny, others Roma traditions.
Over the years, the Roma have many challenges. Their neighbors did not them and even accused them of being thieves. Today, many face poverty, prejudice and other problems. Nevertheless, the Roma people are proud of their history and their rich culture.
A．when B．why C．where D．how
A．died B．visited C．left D．lived
A．So B．Or C．But D．Then
A．wandering B．challenging C．encouraging D．inspiring
A．life B．article C．picture D．attitude
A．farmers B．travelers C．musicians D．tailors
A．begged B．learned C．toured D．settled
A．varies B．spreads C．passes D．divides
A．Indian B．travelling C．surrounding D．Egyptian
A．traditional B．illegal C．international D．fair
A．occasion B．profession C．village D．town
A．cultural B．social C．agricultural D．musical
A．strange B．different C．similar D．natural
A．shares B．spares C．speaks D．seeks
A．tribes B．cultures C．groups D．religions
A．lies B．fortunes C．gossips D．stories
A．at B．in C．for D．to
A．write down B．get away C．take in D．pass down
A．faced B．overcome C．fought D．welcomed
A．fear B．help C．accept D．support
He lost his arms in an accident that took his father’s life. Since then，he has had to depend on the __31__ of his younger brother.__32__ writing with his toes，he was completely unable to do anything in his life. But when the two brothers grew up，his younger brother __33__ to separate from him，living his own life，as many normal people do. So he was __34__ and didn’t know what to do.
A __35__ disaster befell (降临) a girl，too. One night her mother，who __36__ from mental illness disappeared. So her father went out looking for her mother，__37__ her alone at home. She tried to prepare meals for her parents，__38__ to overturn the kerosene light (煤油灯) on the stove，__39__ in a fire which took her hands away.
Though her elder sister showed her __40__ to take care of her，she was determined to be completely __41__.At school，she always studied hard. Once she wrote the following in her composition: “I am __42__.Though I lost my arms，I still have legs; I am lucky.__43__ my wings are broken，my heart can still fly.”
One day，the boy and the girl were both invited to __44__ on a television interview program. The boy told the TV host about his uncertain __45__ at being left on his own.__46__，the girl was full of hope for her life. They both were __47__ to write something on a piece of paper with their toes. The boy wrote: My younger brother’s arms are my arms while the girl wrote: Broken wings，__48__ heart.
It is true that __49__ can strike at any time. But if you decide to be strong，the hardship will __50__ to be a fortune on which new hopes will arise.
A．eyes B．arms C．feet D．ears
A．Because of B．But for C．Instead of D．Except for
A．wanted B．promised C．refused D．failed
A．self-confident B．open-minded C．heart-broken D．cold-hearted
A．painful B．similar C．familiar D．sudden
A．came B．suffered C．learned D．benefited
A．keeping B．getting C．causing D．leaving
A．even B．only C．never D．ever
A．breaking B．turning C．resulting D．taking
A．willingness B．promise C．contribution D．choice
A．dependent B．convenient C．free D．independent
A．amazing B．lucky C．friendly D．popular
A．As B．Until C．Though D．Since
A．appear B．perform C．speak D．compete
A．future B．past C．experience D．condition
A．Otherwise B．Besides C．Therefore D．However
A．expected B．reminded C．asked D．suggested
A．tearing B．worrying C．understanding D．flying
A．disasters B．diseases C．wars D．interviews
A．bring out B．hold out C．turn out D．set out
I returned to Abuja，the capital of Nigeria，after college graduation.I had been there before my mother became a minister.
Two weeks later，I told my mother I was bored.She said，“Here’re the car keys.Go and buy some fruit.”__31__，I jumped into the car and speeded off.
Seeing me or rather my __32__，a boy sprang up (跳起来)，__33__ to sell his bananas and peanuts.“Banana 300 naira.Peanut 200 naira！”
Looking at his blackstriped bananas，I __34__ to 200 total for the fruit and nuts.He __35__.I handed him a 500 naira note.He didn’t have __36__，so I told him not to worry.He was __37__ and smiled a row of perfect teeth.
When，two weeks later，I __38__ this same boy.I was more aware of my position in Nigerian society.I should __39__ this country as the son of a __40__.But it was hard to find pleasure in a place where it was so __41__ to see a little boy who should have been in school selling fruit.
“What’s up？” I asked.He answered in __42__ English，“I...I no get money to buy book.”I took out two 500 naira notes.He looked around __43__ before sticking his hand into the car __44__ the bills.One thousand naira means a lot to a family that __45__ only 50,000 each year.
The next morning，security officers told me，“In this place，when you give a little，people think you’re a fountain of opportunity (机会)．”
__46__ it’s right，but this happens everywhere in the world.I wondered if my little friend had actually used the money for __47__.
After six months’ work in northern Nigeria，I returned and saw him again standing on the road.
“Are you in school now？”
He nodded.
A silence fell as we looked at each other，then I __48__ what he wanted.I held out a 500 naira note.“Take this.”
He shook his head fiercely and stepped back __49__ hurt.
“It’s a gift，”I said.
Shaking his head again，he handed me a basket of bananas and peanuts.“I’ve been waiting to __50__ these to you.”
A．Encouraged B．Disappointed C．Delighted D．Confused
A．car B．mother C．driver D．keys
A．willing B．afraid C．eager D．ashamed
A．got down B．bargained down C．put down D．took down
A．explained B．promised C．agreed D．admitted
A．change B．notes C．checks D．bills
A．troubled B．regretful C．comfortable D．grateful
A．ran after B．ran into C．ran over D．ran to
A．protect B．enjoy C．help D．support
A．minister B．headmaster C．manager D．president
A．lucky B．amazing C．funny D．common
A．old B．broken C．traditional D．modern
A．for B．with C．at D．upon
A．spends B．pays C．makes D．affords
A．Possibly B．Actually C．Certainly D．Fortunately
A．joys B．nuts C．books D．bananas
A．asked B．imagined C．reminded D．realized
A．when B．as if C．even if D．after
A．send B．provide C．sell D．give
One summer day my father sent me to buy wire for our farm.At 16，I liked __31__ better than driving our truck，__32__ this time I was not happy.My father had told me I’d have to ask for credit(赊账) at the store.
Sixteen is a __33__age，when a young man wants respect，not charity.It was 1976，and the ugly __34__ of racial discrimination was __35__ a fact of life.I’d seen my friends ask for credit and then stand，head down，while the store owner __36__ whether they were “good for it.” I knew black youths just like me who were __37__ like thieves by the store clerk each time they went into a grocery.
My family was __38__.We paid our debts.But before harvest，cash was short.Would the store owner __39__ us?
At Davis’s store，Buck Davis stood behind the cash desk，talking to a farmer.I nodded __40__ I passed him on my way to the hardware shelves.When I brought my __41__ to the cash desk，I said __42__，“I need to put this on credit.”
The farmer gave me an amused，distrustful __43__.But Buck’s face didn’t change.“Sure，” he said __44__.“Your daddy is __45__ good for it.” He __46__ to the other man.“This here is one of James Williams’s sons.”
The farmer nodded in a neighborly __47__.I was filled with pride.James Williams’s son.Those three words had opened a door to an adult’s respect and trust.
That day I discovered that the good name my parents had __48__ brought our whole family the respect of our neighbors.Everyone knew what to __49__ from a Williams: a decent person who kept his word and respected himself __50__ much to do wrong.
A．something B．nothing C．anything D．everything
A．and B．so C．but D．for
A．prideful B．wonderful C．respectful D．colorful
A．intention B．shadow C．habit D．faith
A．thus B．just C．still D．ever
A．guessed B．suspected C．questioned D．figured
A．watched B．caught C．dismissed D．accused
A．generous B．honest C．friendly D．modest
A．blame B．excuse C．charge D．trust
A．until B．as C．once D．since
A．purchases B．sales C．orders D．favorites
A．casually B．confidently C．cheerfully D．carefully
A．look B．stare C．response D．comment
A．patiently B．eagerly C．easily D．proudly
A．generally B．never C．sometimes D．always
A．pointed B．replied C．turned D．introduced
A．sense B．way C．degree D．mood
A．earned B．deserved C．given D．used
A．receive B．expect C．collect D．require
A．very B．so C．how D．too
Is the world really going mad? 26 day I was sitting in a restaurant 27 a quick and a talk with a few friends when it suddenly 28 me that almost everyone in the restaurant was smoking. It wasn’t long 29 the whole room was 30 with smoke. I asked with an apology for 31 to open a window to stop myself 32 !
Nowadays air pollution is something that is hardly questioned any more. However, I still can’t walk down the street in any of the big cities without 33 that people are 34 the air pollution. It is time for the government departments of the world to introduce emission(废气排放) controls on all cars and 35 the public transport system(公共交通体系) to encourage people to 36 their cars at home. A friend of mine takes flying lesson each morning and it really makes him 37 when he climbs above the smog layer(烟雾) and looks down 38 it and thinks: “I’m breathing that!” this kind of 39 results from the bad management of resources. Waste things can 40 should be treated properly. House building, road 41 , and industrial development are all earthmoving( or earth-reducing) operations and can change the balances of 42 created over millions of years. I would like to 43 serious studies done on all these main works before they are built. Also, there should be 44 national parks set up to keep the most beautiful parts of our countries in their natural 45
A．The other B．Another C．Every D．Each
A．asking for B．drinking C．having D．buying
A．seemed B．struck C．sank D．showed
A．ago B．after C．before D．now
A．full B．filled C．crowed D．parked
A．promise B．help C．suggestion D．permission
A．standing B．sitting C．talking D．dying
A．thinking B．persuading C．deciding D．learning
A．suffering B．dying C．walking D．standing
A．increase B．reduce C．improve D．raise
A．wash B．repair C．drive D．leave
A．sick B．tired C．foolish D．excited
A．on B．at C．from D．for
A．discussion B．question C．pollution D．operation
A．but B．yet C．still D．and
A．work B．construction C．building D．setting
A．life B．mind C．human being D．plants
A．see B．start C．enjoy D．pay
A．few B．any C．more D．no
A．situation B．states C．soils D．places.
Once upon a time a king had a close friend. The friend had a habit of saying “That is good!” whether the 16 he faced was positive or negative.
One day, the king and his friend left for a hunt. The friend 17 the shotgun (猎枪) for the king. Apparently, he had made a(n) 18 in the preparation of the shotgun. The king 19 and it took his thumb away. When 20 the situation, the friend said 21 , “That is good!” The king answered, “No, this is not good.” He put his friend in 22 .
One year later, the king was 23 in a forest, where cannibals (食人族) 24 him. They tied his hands, and piled up the 25 . When they came closer to the fire they noticed the king didn’t have the 26 . As they never ate whoever had a part of his 27 missing, they set the king free.
When the king arrived at his palace, he 28 the incident about his thumb and was filled with remorse (懊悔) for the treatment given to his friend. 29 , he paid a visit to his friend. “You were 30 ,” said the king. “It was good that I lost my thumb.” The king started to tell his friend everything that happened to him. “I’m 31 that I sent you to prison for such a long period. It was my 32 .” “No,” the friend said, “that was a good decision.” “What do you 33 by that?” the king asked. The friend answered, “Remember that if I was not in prison, 34 I would be with you in the hunt. Then you know what would have happened to me. ”
Do not 35 facts or events by the immediate results! Life is a test.
A．situation B．choice C．chance D．cause
A．carried B．bought C．hid D．prepared
A．decision B．mistake C．effort D．attempt
A．shot B．inspected C．ran D．frightened
A．describing B．improving C．examining D．correcting
A．on purpose B．in sorrow C．by accident D．as usual
A．forest B．prison C．hospital D．palace
A．fighting B．struggling C．hunting D．reading
A．guided B．chose C．challenged D．caught
A．wood B．leaves C．stone D．sand
A．hand B．thumb C．friend D．weapon
A．memory B．thought C．body D．reputation
A．remembered B．discovered C．recorded D．doubted
A．Suddenly B．Indirectly C．Frequently D．Immediately
A．generous B．polite C．right D．smart
A．satisfied B．worried C．lucky D．sorry
A．right B．fault C．conclusion D．sorrow
A．mean B．find C．suggest D．explain
A．finally B．certainly C．nearly D．luckily
A．imagine B．suspect C．judge D．admire