阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，-优题课

Depression is the second most common cause of disability worldwide after back pain, according to a review of research. The disease must be treated as a global public health priority (优先考虑的事), experts report in the journal PLOS Medicine. The study compared depression with more than 200 other diseases and injuries as a cause of disability. “Globally, only a small part of patients have opportunities to be treated,” the World Health Organization (WHO) says.
Depression was ranked at number two as a global cause of disability, but its effects varied in different countries and regions. For example, rates of major depression were highest in Afghanistan and lowest in Japan. In the UK, depression was ranked number three in terms of years when people lived with a disability.
Dr Alize Ferrari from the University of Queensland’s School of Population Health led the study. “Depression is a big problem and we definitely need to pay more attention to it than we do now,” she told BBC News. “There’s still more work to be done in terms of awareness of the disease and also successful ways of treating it. The burden is different between countries, so the rate of depression tends to be higher in low and middle income countries and lower in high income countries.” Policy-makers have made an effort to bring depression to the forefront, but there is still a lot more work to be done.”
“There’re lots of confusions we know related to mental health,” Prof. Alize Ferrari explained. “What one person recognizes as disabling might be different to another person and might be different across countries as well, there are lots of cultural effects and explanations that are related to depression, which makes it more important to raise awareness of the size of the problem and also signs and how to find depression.”
The data—for the year 2010—follows similar studies in 1990 and 2000 looking at the global burden of depression. Commenting on the study, Dr Daniel Chisholm, a health economist at the department of mental health and substance abuse (药物滥用) at the WHO said depression was a very disabling condition.
“It's a big public health challenge and a big problem to be thought about but not enough is being done. Around the world only a tiny part of people get any sort of treatment or diagnosis.” Dr Daniel Chisholm said.
The WHO recently started a global mental health action plan to raise awareness of depression among policy-makers.
According to the passage, which of the following ranks NO. 1 among the causes of disability?

A．Cancer.	B．Depression.
C．Back pain	D．Heart disease.

What can we learn from the first paragraph?

A．Depression has been treated as a global public health priority.

B．PLOS Medicine is a website dealing with medical problems.

C．The study only analyzes depression all over the world.

D．Most patients with depression haven’t been treated.

Who is Alize Ferrari?

A．She is a doctor working in a hospital.

B．She is a professor at a university leading the study.

C．She is an official from the government.

D．She is a common teacher taking part in the study.

Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 4?

A．There is a common standard of recognizing disability worldwide.

B．Most reasons for disability are similar.

C．Mental health has raised much attention among people.

D．How to find patients suffering from depression is not easy.

Why did the WHO start a global mental health action plan?

A．To make policy-makers of all countries pay attention to the problem of depression.

B．To help patients become healthier.

C．To raise the status of doctors in the world.

D．To help build more colleges that study mental health.

Big trees are very important in ecology. For a start, they provide food for countless other species and shelter for many animals. With their tall branches in the sun, they take in vast amounts of energy. This allows them to produce massive crops of fruit and flowers that much of the animal life in the forest feed on.
Only a small number of tree species have the genetic(基因的) ability to grow really big. The biggest are native to North America, but big trees grow all over the globe, from the tropics(热带地区) to the forests of the high latitudes(纬度). To achieve giant size, a tree needs three things: the right place to establish(建立) its seedling, good growing conditions and lots of time with low adult death rate. Lose any of these, and you will lose your biggest trees.
In some parts of the world, populations of big trees are dwindling because their seedlings cannot survive. In southern India, for instance, an aggressive non-native bush, Lantana camara, is invading the floor of many forests. Lantana grows so thickly that young trees often fail to take root. With no young trees to replace them, it is only a matter of time before most of the big trees disappear.
Without the right growing conditions, trees cannot get really big and there is some evidence to suggest tree growth could slow in a warmer world, particularly in environments that are already warm. Having worked for decades at La Selva Biological Station in Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Costa Rica, David and Deborah Clark and colleagues have shown that tree growth there slows obviously in warmer years. “During the day, their growth shuts down when it gets too warm, and at night they consume more energy because their metabolic(新陈代谢的) rate increases,” explains David Clark. With less energy produced in warmer years and more being consumed just to survive, there is even less energy available for growth.
The Clarks’ theory, if correct, means tropical forests would be smaller over time. The largest, oldest trees would gradually die off and tend not to be replaced. According to the Clarks, this might cause a destabilization of the climate; as older trees die, forests would release some of their stored carbon into the atmosphere, causing a cycle of further warming, forest shrinkage and carbon emissions.
Besides, big trees face threats from elsewhere.
According to the passage, big trees make great contributions to the ecosystem because ________.

A．they can take in large amounts of energy

B．they determine the change of global climate

C．they provide the essentials for many creatures

D．they can improve a new cycle of further warming

All the following factors are a must for making big trees EXCEPT ______.

A．no deadly damage

B．the suitable place for new plants’ growing

C．good environment for growth

D．the highest location

The word “dwindling” (paragraph3) is closest in meaning to “______”.

A．exploding	B．growing
C．changing	D．dropping

What is the best title of the passage?

A．Big trees in trouble.

B．Advantages of big trees.

C．Results of big trees’ disappearing.

D．Importance of big trees to humans.

What will the author most probably discuss after the last paragraph?

A．More threats to the existence of big trees.

B．The effect of human activities on big trees.

C．Benefits of big trees to the whole atmosphere.

D．Comparison between common trees and big ones.

The oldest and most common source of renewable energy known to man, biomass（生物质） is one of the most important forms energy production in the United States and elsewhere. Since such a wide variety of biomass materials is everywhere —- from trees and grasses to agricultural and city —- life wastes —-biomass promises to play a continuing role in providing power and heat for millions of people around the world.
According to the Union of Concerned Scientists(UCS), biomass is a kind of renewable energy source that produces no carbon dioxide(二氧化碳), because the energy it contains comes from the sun. When plant matter is burned, it gives off the sun’s energy. In this way, biomass serves as a sort of natural battery(电池) for storing the sun’s energy. As long as biomass is produced continuously —-with only as much grown as is used— the “battery” lasts forever.
According to the Energy Information Administration, biomass has been one of the leading renewable energy sources in the United States for several years running through 2007, making up between 0.5 and 0.9 percent of the nation’s total electricity supply. In 2008—-although the numbers aren’t all in yet—-wind power probably took over first place because of the rapid development of wind farms across the country.
Producing power from biomass helps reduce some 11 million tons of carbon dioxide each year. Some homeowners also try to make their own heat by using biomass materials. Such practice may save homeowner’s money, but it also produces a lot of pollution. So, the best way is to encourage power plants to use it.
Why is biomass considered as “ a sort of natural battery”?

A．It burns merely plant matter.

B．It keeps producing electricity.

C．It stores the energy from the sun.

D．It produces zero carbon dioxide

We learn from the text that in 2008 ______.

A．Wind power would be the leader of renewable energy.

B．there was a rapid growth of electricity production

C．biomass might become the main energy source

D．0.5~0.9 of power supply came from biomass

Why does the author encourage power plants to use biomass?

A．To prevent the waste of energy.

B．To increase production safety.

C．To reduce pollution.

D．To save money.

Where does the text probably come from?

A．A research plan.	B．A science magazine
C．A book review.	D．A business report.

Encourage Me! Inspirational Poetry Gloria Coykendall ISBN 978141202785 It is an easy to read collection of poems originally written to encourage in faith and to be a cure for chronic depression(长期抑郁) … cure to strengthen identity and purpose.
Creation or Evolution Michael Ebifegha ISBN 9781450289023 Were humans created, or did they evolve? How old is the Earth? The debate between science and religion continues to be heated. In Creation or Evolution, Michael Ebifegha examines these two opposed world views within the structure of empirical(实证的) science.
Seeking the Edge Dr. Joseph L. Rose ISBN 9781462031795 Seeking the Edge provides the tools and techniques to find that edge in one’s life. ---driving readers to achieve success whether in your current job, finding a new job, in education, family, or even hobbies.

Who wrote the story about a little boy and a little mouse?

A．Bill Bosworth.	B．Michelle O. Donovan.
C．Dr. Joseph L. Rose.	D．Gloria Coykendall.

The ISBN for the book of poems is _______.

A．9781462031795	B．9781412027854
C．9780595433582	D．9781462058679

What kind of readers will probably like reading More Things in Heaven?

A．Those who are searching for the meaning of life.

B．Those who are trying to be spiritual leaders.

C．Those who study the art of writing.

D．Those who like traveling abroad.

Which of the following books explores the origin of humans?

A．Seeking the Edge.

B．Creation or Evolution.

C．Joshua, Helmut, and Bethlehem.

D．More Things in Heaven.

Too many people want others to be their friends, but they don’t give friendship back. That is why some friendships do not last very long. To have a friend, you must learn to be one. You must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you. Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules: be honest; be generous; be understanding.
Honesty is where a good friendship starts. Friends must be able to trust one another. If you do not tell the truth, people usually find out. If a friend finds out that you haven’t been honest, you may lose your friend’s trust. Good friends always trust one another to speak and act honestly.
Generosity (大度) means sharing and sharing makes a friendship grow. You do not have to give your lunch money or your clothes of course. Instead you have to learn how to share things you enjoy, like your hobbies and your interest. Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings. These can be very valuable to a friend.
Sooner or later everyone needs understanding and help with a problem. Something may go wrong at school. Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve. Turning to a friend can be a first step in solving the problem. So to be a friend you must listen and understand.
No two friendships are ever exactly alike. But all true friendships have three things in common. If you plan to keep your friends, you must practice honesty, generosity, and understanding.
Some friendships don’t last very long because ____.

A．there are too many people who want to make friends

B．they don’t know friendship is something serious

C．those who give others friendship receive friendship from others

D．some people receive friendship but don’t give friendship back

The best title of this passage is _____.

A．Honesty is the Best Policy

B．A Friend in Need is a Friend Indeed

C．Three Important Points in Life

D．Three Important Points in Making Friends

Which of the following isn’t mentioned in the passage?

A．Always tell your friends the truth.

B．Sharing your mind with your friends is of great value.

C．Discussing your problems with your friend often helps to solve the problem.

D．A friend who gives you his lunch money is a true friend.

A．Grand	B．Cliton
C．Reno	D．Randolph

A．third	B．fourth
C．fifth	D．sixth