Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.
In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more in people’s lives. The is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.
Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involveD.You have probably heard that opposites attract but that attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.
First Impression
To help determine the of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.
As it turned out, their judgments often held true. Students seemed to at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.
The Knows
Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.
Face Value
Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic.
When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to
words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.
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If you want to stand out, there is no alternative but hard work.
Once a boy in ____clothes full of patches ran to ask a successful building contractor (承包商) in a construction site, “How could I become as _____as you when I grow up ?”
With a _____ at the boy, the contractor replied, “There is a story about three diggers .The first digger liked holding a spade without doing anything but saying that he wanted to be a (n) ___ in the future. The second always liked ____ about the work and his low ____. The third digger liked ______ devoting himself to digging. Later, the first was still holding his spade in the ____ place and the second took an excuse for early _____. Only the third became a boss. Do you understand the _____ of this story? Just go to buy a _____ shirt and work hard .”
The little boy was ____. So he asked the contractor to explain further. ____ the working builders, the contractor replied, “Look at my workers! I can’t remember all their names, and even I have no ____ of some of them. Most of them wear blue shirts. But if you look _____, you will notice a sunburned man in red. He seems to be working harder than others. He is always the first one to work while the last one to leave. It is exactly his red shirt that makes him _____. Soon he will be _____ to my assistant. You know, that is also how I got _____ I am now. I worked hard and wore a striped shirt. My boss ______ me. I also became a boss eventually.”
Success can only ____ action. Working hard is all winners’ shared experience for achieving their dreams.
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William Wordsworth wrote that “the human mind is capable of excitement without the application of violent stimulants(刺激)”. And it appears that simply reading those words proves his .
Researchers at the University of Liverpool found the works of Shakespeare and Wordsworth and had a beneficial effect on the mind. It can the reader’s attention and trigger moments of self-reflection.
Using scanners, they the brain activity of volunteers as they read pieces of classical English literature both in their form and in a modern translation.
And, according to the Sunday Telegraph, the experiment showed the more prose and poetry far more electrical activity in the brain than the easier versions.
The research also found poetry, , increased activity in the right part of the brain, an area with “autobiographical(自传式的) memory”, which helped the reader to 45 on their own experiences. The academics said this meant the were more useful than self-help books.
The brain of 30 volunteers were watched in the first part of the research as they read Shakespeare in different .
In one example, volunteers read a line from King Lear, “A father and a gracious aged man: him have you madded”, before reading the : “A father and a gracious aged man: him you have enraged”. Shakespeare’s use of “mad” as a(n) caused a higher level of brain activity than the straightforward prose.
The next stage of the research was looking at the to which poetry could affect and provide therapeutic(治疗的) benefit. Volunteers’ brains were scanned while reading four lines by Wordsworth, and four “translated” lines were also provided.
The first version caused more brain activity, not only the left part of the brain connected with language, but also the right part that relates to autobiographical memory and emotion.
“Poetry is not just a of style. It is also about deep versions of experience that the emotional to the cognitive(认知的),” said Prof Davis, who will present the findings at the North of England education conference in Sheffield this week.
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阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1-20各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项
I finished my last work of the week and could hardly wait to get home, take off my nursing shoes, and relax.
As I __ my car, I saw one of my _ standing by the bus stop. I thought it would only take a couple of extra minutes to give her a ride home, and _ , it was too cold to be standing outside on the coldest _ in January. I didn’t know where she lived, but I was __ I would be able to find my way back.
We __ about our work as I drove and __ we knew it, we arrived at her house. I started driving back. _ looked familiar, but at first that didn’t __ me. But soon I __ something wrong. I recognized nothing. But I told myself to stay _ .
I was __ neighborhoods, streets and even streetlights. I no longer knew where I was now. How could I be so stupid! I looked down at my __ . It was now 2:30 a.m. My gas was slowly running out. I __ _ the car and turned off the engine. In total defeat, I put my head down on the wheel, __ . Then I raised my head and saw a(n) _ down the road in front of me. I turned my headlights on. A car! I drove a little _ _, got out of my car and knocked on the window of that car. An elderly man _ rolled his window down.
I said that I didn’t know how to get back into town. In silence, he started driving. I ran back to my car and drove behind him. Finally I __ a familiar street. As I turned to head home, the car disappeared. Then I _ my driveway (车道) when the warning light for my gas tank (汽油箱) turned on.
Though so many years have passed, I still thank the old man from my deepest heart.
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阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～20各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项选项的标号涂黑。
Every day on the way to work I drive down a street lined with pine trees. One tree in particular ____ my attention. It must have suffered some severe ____. Part of its trunk grew nearly parallel(平行) to the ground, and then in an effort to ____ its own course of life, the trunk took a 90 degree turn ____ to stand tall and stretch（伸展） toward the sun.
This tree became a ____ for me. Each day as I drove by, I saw this bent but determined tree and I would be ____. It was a reminder to me that ____ I may not have had the best start in life, I could change ____ in the paths of my life at any time.
I was planning to stop one day to get a perfect ____ of my kindred-spirit(志趣相同的) tree. But that week I was ____. After that busy week, I still didn’t take any action. Every time I drove by the tree I ____ tell myself, “Tomorrow, I’ll stop tomorrow to take one.” Then one day, as I drove by, I glanced over and, much to my ____, I found a lonely sawed-off stump(树桩) ____ the symbolic tree had stood. It was gone! I had ____ my plan until “tomorrow” and tomorrow proved to be too ____.
A picture of a tree is not of great ____. But my lesson rang through clearly ____ I found out one of my colleagues had been diagnosed with stage-four cancer. He may no longer have many ____.
What have you been putting off? What would you do if you knew you would ____ have the opportunity to do it again? Why not do those things ____ that you have been putting off until tomorrow?
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About five years ago，I found myself working in a terrible middle school. The hours were long and the work was boring. ________, the pay was low. Every day the job seemed a physical ________ for me. My neck would burn with pain from the ________ bending. My feet would ache from ________ the entire day. The skin around my fingernails would ________ because of the work my hands were doing. I tried to keep my ________ up while I worked there, but day by day I felt myself ________ down. Every morning I would press sticking-plaster on my neck, place Band-Aid around my fingers and ________ my worn-out shoes. And every night I would _______ myself home and fall onto the couch.
One evening I felt like I could________ it no more. As I drove home alone, I said to myself. “Why am I working myself here just to ________? Why couldn’t I find a better job than this? Why do I have to ________ this right now?”
I wasn’t really expecting a(n) ________, but life always loves to surprise us. As I ________up the steps to my front door, I found my wife and my son waiting for me ________ smiling faces. “Daddy, Daddy!” my son yelled. I smiled and picked him up with my ________ arms. Then after hugging and kissing him, I laughed for the first time in days and sat down ________. At that time, I found the answer which would give me the ________ I needed to go on.
Eventually I moved on to a better school, but I________ forgot that answer, which had gently reminded me of the simple truth. We may have to work to live, but we live to ________. May you always fill your days with love and joy.
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