阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该选项的标号涂黑。
The literal meaning of philosophy is “love of wisdom”. But this meaning does not tell us very much. Unlike the other disciplines(学科)，philosophy cannot be defined by what you study, because it is actually unlimited. Anything can be the subject matter of philosophy: art, history, law, language, literature, mathematics, medicine, psychology, religion, science, and values. Philosophy is one of the world’s oldest subjects of study, and in fact, the other academic disciplines are directly related to philosophy. For this reason you get a Doctorate(博士学位) of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in biochemistry, or computer science, or psychology.
Two broad sub-fields of philosophy are logic and the history of philosophy. Logic is the science of argument and critical thinking. It provides sound methods for distinguishing good from bad reasoning. The history of philosophy involves the study of major philosophers and periods in the development of philosophy.
Of what use is philosophy? First it is useful in educational advancement. It is necessary for understanding other disciplines. Only philosophy questions the nature of the concepts used in a discipline, and its relation to other disciplines. And through the study of philosophy, one develops sound methods of research and analysis that can be applied to any field.
There are a number of general uses of philosophy. It strengthens one’s ability to solve problems, to communicate, to organize ideas and issues, to persuade, and to take what is the most important from a large quantity of data.These general uses are of great benefit in the career field, not necessarily for obtaining one’s first job after graduation, but for preparing for positions of responsibility, management and leadership later on. It is very short-sighted after all, to take a course of studies only for the purpose of getting one’s first job. The useful skills developed through the study of philosophy have significant long-term benefits in career advancement. No other discipline systematically follows the ideals of wisdom, leadership, and capacity to resolve human conflict.According to Paragraph 1, philosophy can best be described as the study of______.
| A．social sciences |
| B．natural sciences |
| C．both social and natural sciences |
| D．the subject matter of politics |
With the study of philosophy, you can_______.
| A．become a great leader |
| B．succeed in everything |
| C．find a good job soon after graduation |
| D．make progress in your career development |
According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
| A．Philosophy is an independent discipline. |
| B．Logic helps you to become a better thinker. |
| C．The study of philosophy brings you immediate benefits. |
| D．The meaning of philosophy is too limited to define. |
From the passage, we can conclude______.
A．not all the subjects have to do with philosophy
B．a person will get a Ph.D. if he/she studies philosophy
C．philosophy can be helpful for the study of any other subjects
D．philosophy is the only solution to all the problems to the world
阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
A young girl and a man were recently found murdered in a parked car in a Boston suburb. The police found no sign in the car. Then they found a witness who had seen a car pass by the murdered couple's car. His description placed the car as a 1950 or 1951 Chevrolet.
Ordinarily, searching through the files for owners of elderly Chevrolets would have been an impossible difficult task because there were two and a half million such cars. In this case, however, the police had a powerful tool—the computer.
The Boston Registry of Motor Vehicles programmed its computer to screen all 1950 and 1951 Chevrolets within a fifteenmile radius(半径)of the suburb—the area in which the police believed the murderer was most likely to be found. Within minutes, the computer uncovered one thousand of wanted cars. A few hours of hand screening turned up a 1950 Chevrolet owner who lived close to the scene of the crime(犯罪)and who had received many traffic tickets. He was among the first suspects(嫌疑犯)to be investigated,_and signs connecting him with the murdered couple were found. He was arrested, and is now waiting for trial.It can be learned from the text that________.
| A．the murderer's car hit the couple's car but did not stop |
| B．the murderer was last found with the help of a Chevrolet owner |
| C．the police would not have found the suspect so soon but for the witness |
| D．searching through the files of Chevrolets owners was impossibly difficult |
The underlined word“investigated”is closest in meaning to“________”．
| A．questioned |
| B．supposed |
| C．determined |
| D．discovered |
Which of the following is true according to the passage?
| A．The suspect had often broken the traffic rules before he was caught. |
| B．One of the police officers saw what the suspect did to the couple. |
| C．At least 1950 cars were searched in order to find the suspect. |
| D．The description of the witness turned out to be a lie. |
The best title for this passage would be________.
| A．Crime—A Problem in the West |
| B．Chevrolet—A Type of an Old Car |
| C．Police—A Force in Catching the Murderer |
| D．Computer—A Help in Fighting against Crime |
Tourism Problems
Without proper planning, tourism can cause problems. For example, too many tourists can crowd public places that are also enjoyed by the inhabitants(居民)of a country. If tourists create too much traffic, the inhabitants become annoyed and unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists and to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the country's economy(经济). It is important to think about the people of a destination(目的地)country and how tourism affects them. Tourism should help a country keep the customs and beauty that attract tourists. Tourism should also advance the wellbeing of local inhabitants.
Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism grows too quickly, people must leave other jobs to work in the tourism industry. This means that other parts of the country's economy can suffer.
On the other hand, if there is not enough tourism, people will lose jobs. Businesses will also lose money. It costs a great deal of money to build a large hotels, airports, air terminals, firstclass roads, and other support facilities(设施)needed by tourist attractions. For example, a major internationalclass tourism hotel needs as much as 50 thousand dollars per room to build. If this room is not used most of the time, the owners of the hotel will lose money.
Building a hotel is just a beginning. There must be many support facilities as well, including roads to get to the hotel, electricity, sewers to handle waste, and water. All of these support facilities cost money. If they are not used because there are not enough tourists, jobs and money are lost.Too much tourism can cause all these problems EXCEPT________.
| A．a bad effect on other industries |
| B．a change of tourists' customs |
| C．overcrowding of places of interest |
| D．pressure on traffic |
Not enough tourism can lead to________.
| A．an increase of unemployment |
| B．a decrease in tourist attractions |
| C．the higher cost of support facilities |
| D．a rise in price and a fall in pay |
The word“handle”in the last paragraph most probably means“________”．
| A．carry away |
| B．pick up |
| C．get in |
| D．take down |
(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)When you're lying on the white sands of the Mexican Riviera, the stresses(压力)of the world seem a million miles away. Hey, stop! This is no vacation—you have to finish something!
Here lies the problem for travel writer and food critic(评论家)Edie Jarolim. “I always loved traveling and always liked to eat, but it never occurred to me that I could make money doing both of those things，” Jarolim said. Now you can read her travel advice everywhere—in Arts and Antiques, in Brides, or in one of her three books. The Complete ldiot't Travel Guide Medco' Beach Recarts.
Her job in travel writing began some eight years ago. After getting a PhD in English in Canada, she took a test for Frommer's travel guides, passed it, and got the job. After working at Frommer's, Jarolim worked for a while at Rough Guides in London, then Fodor's, where she fell so in love with a description of the Southwest of the U．S. that she moved there.
Now as a travel writer, she spends onethird of her year on the road. The rest of the time is spent completing her tasks and writing reviews of restaurants at home in Tucson, Arizona.
As adventurous as the job sounds, the hard part is factchecking all the information. Sure, it's great to write about a tourist attraction, but you'd better get the local(当地的)museum hours correct or you could really ruin someone's vacation.Which country does Jarolim live in now?
| A．Mexico. |
| B．The U．S. |
| C．The U．K. |
| D．Canada |
What is most difficult for Jarolim?
| A．Working in different places to collect information. |
| B．Checking all the facts to be written in the guides. |
| C．Finishing her work as soon as possible. |
| D．Passing a test to write travel guides. |
What do we know about Jarolim from the text?
| A．She is successful in her job. |
| B．She finds her life full of stresses. |
| C．She spends half of her time traveling. |
| D．She is especially interested in museums. |
What would be the best title for the text?
| A．Adventures in Travel Writing |
| B．Working as a Food Critic |
| C．Travel Guides on the Market |
| D．Vacationing for a living |
Excused from recycling(回收利用)because you live in a high rise with a rubbish chute(垃圾滑道)? You_won't_be_for_long. Miami's Mark Shantzis has made it simple for those living in tall buildings to use the chute and recycle too.
In Shantzis' HiRise Recycling System, a chute leads to pieshaped container with six boxes that can turn around when operated. The system, which fits in the same space as the chute and container now in use, enables glass, plastic, paper, metal and other rubbish to go into separate boxes.
The system is controlled from a board fixed next to the chute door. The board has a button for each class of recycling materials(as well as for un-recyclables). At the press of a button, a microcomputer locks all other floor's chute doors and sets the recycling container turning until the right box comes under the chute. The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a particular piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables.
Sorting(分类)recyclables before they are collected saves the use of expensive materials recovery equipment which otherwise has to do the sorting. Such equipment often makes recycled materials very expensive, so expensive that tons of recyclables remain wasted! Shantzis believes his system could help recycled materials become more costeffective.The purpose in writing this text is________.
| A．to encourage people to recycle their rubbish |
| B．to introduce a recycling system for high rises |
| C．to describe the use of computer technology in recycling |
| D．to explain the need for rubbish collection in high rises |
When he says“You won't be for long”the writer means that________.
| A．you'll soon be living in a cleaner building |
| B．rubbish chutes will become out of date before long |
| C．you won't wait long for your turn to recycle rubbish |
| D．it won't be long before you'll have to recycle rubbish |
Before dropping rubbish into the chute you have to________.
| A．lock the other floors' chute doors |
| B．check if the container is full |
| C．press the correct button |
| D．break up the rubbish |
The biggest advantage of this new system is that________.
| A．it reduces the cost of recycling |
| B．it saves time and space |
| C．it saves money for people living in high rises |
| D．it makes better use of the existing recovery equipment |
B
(2010·安徽卷)American cities are similar to other cities around the world: In every country, cities reflect the values of the culture. American cities are changing, just as American society is changing.
After World War Ⅱ， the population of most large American cities decreased; however, the population in many Sun Belt cities increased. Los Angeles and Houston are cities where population shifts(转移)to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, city residents(居民)became wealthier. They had more children so they needed more space. They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the suburbs(效区)．
Now things are changing. The children of the people who left the cities in the 1950s are now adults. Many, unlike their parents, want to live in the cities. They continue to move to Sun Belt cities and older ones of the Northeast and Midwest. Many young professionals are moving back into the city. They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there; or they just enjoy the excitement and possibilities that the city offers.
This population shift is bringing problems as well as benefits. Countless poor people must leave their apartments in the city because the owners want to sell the buildings or make apartments for sale instead of for rent. In the 1950s, many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs; now many of these same people do not have enough money to stay in the cities.
Only a few years ago, people thought that the older American cities were dying. Some city residents now see a bright, new future. Others see only problems and conflicts. One thing is sure: many dying cities are alive again.What does the author think of cities all over the world?
| A．They are alive. |
| B．They are hopeless. |
| C．They are similar. |
| D．They are different. |
Why did American city residents want to live in the suburbs after World War Ⅱ？
| A．Because older American cities were dying. |
| B．Because they were richer and needed more space. |
| C．Because cities contained the worst parts of society. |
| D．Because they could hardly afford to live in the city. |
According to the 4th paragraph, a great many poor people in American cities________.
| A．are faced with housing problems |
| B．are forced to move to the suburbs |
| C．want to sell their buildings |
| D．need more money for daily expenses |
We can conclude from the text that________.
| A．American cities are changing for the worse |
| B．people have different views on American cities |
| C．many people are now moving from American cities |
| D．the population is decreasing in older American cities |