School Counseling(咨询)
In our grandparents' time, it was unthinkable.In our parents' time, it was unusual and nobody spoke openly about counseling.These days, more and more schools are asking for this service and it is considered a necessity for most.Why is it? What has changed in the last fifty years to have made counseling at schools so important?
“One reason is that we expect schools to do more to protect their pupils than we did in the past," says school counselor, Mike Hudson.“ Also, our society doesn't work as well as it should.Many parents are either under pressure of work or face the economic problems of unemployment, while children are under more and more pressure to do well at school.Many pupils feel they are pushed to their limits by their parents and teachers."
Most school children face some kind of relationship problem at some stage with family members, teachers or other pupils, so.it helps to have somebody to talk to.
From the pupil' s point of view, it is easier to talk to a counselor in confidence rather than a family member or teacher.This solution is less embarrassing to pupils, who are not forced to face the person that they had problems with in the first place.They can calmly talk things through without arguments.
School counselors advise not only students but also their teachers and parents, and offer other services as well, such as deciding learning disabilities or assisting parents and guardians to make the correct decisions about their children' s education.
Counselors can help students with problems ranging from the most serious, like a death in the family, to what an adult would consider really trivial, like an argument with a friend.
In a society that is becoming more and more stressful, this service is providing children with a supportive way to express their fear and worries.Why is school counseling becoming important?
A.Pupils are not well protected in school. |
B.Parents can't help their children in learning. |
C.Parents and pupils are under too much pressure. |
D.The relationship between parents and schools is worse. |
According to the passage, school counselors________.
A.bear high pressure themselves |
B.are the guarantee of school success |
C.have more responsibilities than teachers |
D.are more likely to be accepted when pupils have problems |
The underlined word "trivial" in Para.5 probably means________.
A.unimportant | B.puzzling | C.difficult | D.urgent |
What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.The development of school counseling. |
B.The reasons for school counseling’s popularity. |
C.The advantages and disadvantages of school counseling. |
D.The comparison of the past and present school counseling. |
Plastic is one of the most important technological discoveries of the 20th century. However, it may soon be replaced. The new development- liquid wood- can replace plastics in all branches of modern-day industries.
Plastic as a material enjoys the biggest demand in the modern world, but it does have a number of drawbacks. First and foremost, plastic isn’t recyclable. Secondly, it contains toxins (毒物) helping develop cancerous diseases. Finally, it’s made of oil and oil reserves aren’t endless.
The liquid wood technology is likely to replace plastic and providing mankind with new materials for many years ahead. Norbert Eisenfreich, a senior researcher at the Faunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology in Germany (ICT), said that arboform, the new material, is made of lignin(木素质), which can be obtained from soft tissues of wood. Once mixed with several other matenals, it turns into solid and non-toxic alternative for plastics.
ICT team leader Emilia Regina Inone-Kauffmann said the wood-working industry separates wood into three basic components, including lignin. Lignin isn’t used for the production of paper. Specialists of ICT mixed lignin with several natural materials and thus invented the material which could be melted and molded (铸型).
When solid, arboform looks like plastic and possesses tho qualitie of polished wood. It can be used for the production of any items. Arboform is already used for the production of car parts which require extra strength. In addition, liquid wood can be recycled repeatedly. The material preserved all of its qualities even if it’s reprocessed ten times.
However, the new invention doesn’t enjoy an extensive use due to the high content of sulfur(硫) in it. German researchers are sure to reduce the amount of sulfur by 90% very soon to make arboform usable for home needs.According to the passage, plastic_______.
A.helps us to reduce the use of petrol |
B.helps to protect our environment in some way |
C.does harm to our society in some way |
D.has been replaced by the newly discovered material |
What’s the advantage of arboform over plastic?
A.It is easier made from natural oil. |
B.It is more widely used in household |
C.It is recyclable and friendly to environment. |
D.It contains no poisonous materials. |
The underlined word “altemative” in Paragraph 3 means_______.
A.lignin or arboform | B.soft tissues of wood |
C.plastics or wood | D.mixture of several materials |
It can be concluded that German researchers will focus their future work firstly on_______
A.the material’s extensive use | B.the content of sulfur in arboform |
C.the production cost of arboform | D.the qualities of liquid wood |
The main purpose of the text is to___________.
A.introduce liquid wood which will replace plastic |
B.show readers how to produce arboform |
C.advertise the new material-arboform |
D.advertise new products made of arboform |
The day before the deadline for this article,I had no clue what I was going to write about. I took my problem to the editor-in-chief, and.he said to me:“Don’t worry; you’re creative. ”
I’m not sure where the editor-in-chief reached the conclusion that I was “creative”. Maybe it was through the poems I wrote. Personally, I simply enjoy writing because it’s fun. There’s also the fact that I can’t draw or do anything else creatively, I’m equally sure that there are people in the boat on the other side who can make things look excellent, but can’t write a poem.
At this point you probably want to ask me what poetry and art have to do with engineering. For one, it makes you a more rounded person, making you a better engineer. More importantly, as an engineer, you will be faced with many problems every day. There are some that can be solved by consulting a textbook, but more often than not, you will need that thing in your brain to put together things in a completely original combination to solve the problem at hand.
Think of the wonderful things that creative engineers have done. Civil engineers have made the road more long-lasting so we don’t have to close them for repairs as often. Coming up with a new innovation (创新) is similar to writing a good poem. It’s not some-thing you plan to do. The critical moment comes unexpectedly in the middle of nowhere. You don’t think about what you’re doing, you simply do. After some mad struggling you take a look at the end product and say to yourself, “This is a masterpiece. ” This is perhaps the greatest personal satisfaction one can
experience.
So all you engineers out there get out and do something creative. I don’t care if it’s writing a poem or a computer program, just be natural and do something creative.This passage mainly deals with_______.
A.the creativity of engineers | B.the power of editor-in-chief |
C.engineering in general | D.a way of thinking |
In the author’s opinion, writing poems can_______.
A.show one is creative | B.make him happy |
C.bring him in lots of money | D.have an effect on one’s mental health |
According to the author, art can help an engineer to_______.
A.find the solutions to problems | B.learn to write poetry |
C.be courageous in face of challenges | D.get along well with others |
Coming up with a new innovation is similar to writing a good poem in that both are_______.
A.logically developed | B.strictly planned |
C.experience- based | D.naturally creative |
The greatest personal satisfaction of an engineer comes from_______.
A.planning his work successfully | B.building things quickly |
C.finishing his work innovatively | D.writing good poems naturally |
For many of us, cartoon strips are simply one of our pastimes. The popular Japanese manga(漫画) provides us with an escape from reality into a world of fantasy, adventure and romance.With much less text and pictures running for pages, it fits perfectly into today’s fast, throwing away city lifestyle.
But Tsai Chih-chung,a famous Taiwanese illustrator (漫画家), doesn’t agree.He believes cartoons can be a bridge connecting traditional Chinese culture and wisdom with the modern world in a much wittier and more acceptable way.
He has interpreted Lao Zi, Confucius, Mencius,Zhuang Zi and Sun Zi and made their works accessible to a global audience. He has also produced two books about Zen (禅宗), introducing oriental philosophy. His cartoons are humorous yet full of wisdom and are admired as an easy way to learn Chinese classics.
After avoiding the public for ten years, Tsai made a comeback in late April with seven new works. But does his age, 61, work as a gap between him and his young readers? Tsai doesn’t think so. The topics he has covered range from philosophy in a time of individuality to the learning and memorizing techniques used at school. “Every child is a genius and has the potential beyond his own imagination, ” he said.
If popular Japanese manga is purely for entertainment, Tsai’s work, to a large extent, is to light the power of thinking in a light-hearted way. Tsai uses differenr forms of water to refer to people. In his eyes some people are like an ocean, some are like vapor, while others may be ice or
rain. But in essence(本质上)they share a similarity-human being’s forever chasing for the true and the good. “The person who thinks over life issues is not necessarily a scholar or a philosopher,” he said. “I’ve dedicated my whole life to thinking and individual freedom, not making a living.”What is the main idea of the first paragraph in the passage?
A.Japanese manga is a simple way of killing time. |
B.What Japanese manga is mainly about. |
C.Japanese manga presents a world of fantasy, adventure and romance. |
D.Why Japanese manga is so popular. |
The underlined word “it” in paragraph l refers to_______.
A.much less text | B.Japanese manga |
C.pictures running for pages | D.an escape from reality |
In Tsai Chih-chung’s opinion, cartoon_______.
A.connects traditional Chinese culture and wisdom |
B.helps connect Chinese classics with modern world |
C.uses a wiser and acceptable way to draw cartoons |
D.builds up a bridge between cartoons and illustration |
Compared to Japanese manga, Tsai’s works are_______
A.mainly designed for a pure time killer for all |
B.more popular with young readers in China now |
C.to inspire people to think in a cheerful way |
D.much more interesting and instructive |
According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about Tsai Chih-chung?
A.He values more thinking and personal freedom than making a living. |
B.He says that one who thinks over life is either a scholar or a philosopher. |
C.He thinks some people are like ocean, some like vapor, while others like ice cream. |
D.Tsai devoted his life to creating cartoons in order to make money. |
You’re rushing to work and a man ahead of you collapses on the sidewalk. Do you stop to help? In a study of by-standers, it was found that some people avert their gaze and keep on walking rather than stop and get involved.
“There is a tendency to decide that no action is needed.” says a psychologist. “The first thoughts that pop into your mind often keep you from offering help. In order to take action, you have to work against them.” Here are some common thoughts that might prevent you from helping.
● Why should I be the one? I’m probably not the most competent person in this crowd. You might think someone older or with more medical knowledge should offer assistance.
● What if he doesn’t really need my help? The fear of embarrassment is powerful; no one wants to risk looking foolish in front of others.
● No one else looks concerned- this must not be a problem. We can follow the people around us, but most people tend to hold back their emotions in public.
“If you spot trouble and find yourself explaining inaction, force yourself to stop and evaluate the situation instead of walking on,” says the psychologist. “Then retry to involve other people; you don’t have to take on the entire responsibility of being helpful. Sometimes it’s just a matter of turning to the person next to you and saying, ‘It looks like we should do something.’ Or asking someone if an ambulance has been called and, if not, to call for one. Once you take action, most people will follow you.”Which is NOT the common thought that stops you from helping others?
A.I’m not the very person capable of setting the problenu. |
B.It looks like we should do something. |
C.It must not be a problem as no one else is concerned. |
D.He doesn’t really need my help. |
According to a study of by-standers, what will some people do when a man ahead falls down on the sidewalk?
A.They will call for help and then walk away. |
B.They will stop and offer help. |
C.They will turn away their eyes and go on walking. |
D.They will laugh at him. |
We learn from the last paragraph that if we spot ttouble, _______.
A.we sbould call the ambulance as soon as we can. |
B.we should take on the whole responsibility and do something alone. |
C.we should stop and evaluate the situation and try to make other people follow. |
D.we should turn to other people and ask them to take on the responsibility |
In order to offer others your timely help, you need to_______.
A.ask others for help and call the police |
B.get along well with the passers-by who spot the trouble |
C.go directly to the police station |
D.work against the rirst thoughts that prevent you offering help |
The main purpose of the text is to tell readers_______.
A.to give others a hand | B.to be more competent |
C.not to risk looking foolish | D.to stop and evaluate the situation |
E
Being considered a leader in our society is indeed of high praise. Leadership means power, commands respect and, most important, encourages achievement. Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can't be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.
Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born. They learn their skills in their everyday lives. But which do they develop? How do they (and how can you) get others to follow?
Always give credit. Many leaders note that the most efficient way to get a good performance from others is to treat them like heroes. Giving public credit to someone who has earned it is the best leadership technique in the world. It is also an act of generosity hat's never forgotten.
Giving credit is more effective than even the most constructive criticism, which often hurts rather than helps. Kenneth Blanchard, the author of The One-Minute Manager, agrees.
"Catch people doing something right!" he says. Then tell everyone about it.
Take informed risks. "The best leaders know that taking a risk is not a thoughtless exercise,"says management adviser Marilyn Machlowitz. "Sky divers don't go up in an airplane without checking the parachutes (降落伞) beforehand."
Because the idea of risk also carries with it the possibility of failure, many of us usually wait for others to take charge. But if you want to be a leader, you must learn to fail - and not die a thousand deaths. Pick yourself up and start all over again.
Encourage enthusiasm. "When people understand the importance of work, they lend their mental strengths," says Lee Ducat. But when they get excited about the work, all their energy gets poured into the job. That's a great force ! Is this the best way to create excitement? Be enthusiastic yourself - You will be followed by everyone.
72. The underlined word "cultivated" ( paragraph 1 ) roughly means ______.
A. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developed
73. The part Always give credit tells us that a leader should ______.
A. give helpful criticism
B. regard others as real heroes
C. praise people for their good performances
D. praise everyone
74. To be a good leader, you should ______.
A. not be afraid of any risks
B. think twice before taking risks
C. try to avoid any possible failures
D. know what a thoughtless exercise is
75. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. Leadership Is of Skills and Techniques
B. Leadership Is Very Important
C. Not Many Can Be Leaders
D. How to Be a Leader