Early Native American groups lived in different cultural areas. Their environments had resources. Each group made particular products or developed certain skills, besed on their own As they perfected their skills, exciting began to happen. For the first time in their history, they had more things than they
They wouldn’t let their products go to , of course. When Native American groups began to communicate with each other, they began to things they wanted or needed. The they traded goods and services without using any form of money was called bartering. Thanks to bartering, people began to enjoy a better of life. To barter with others meant that work became much . No one group had to work as hard to make or find everything they needed for survival.
Native American groups would often travel long distances for the chance to with each other. In between trading times, they would or collect extra products. They kept them especially for the purpose of bartering with other native groups at their trade meetings.
Another of trading between cultural areas was that people could enjoy products that were to make with the resources in their own . For example, people from the Desert Southwest area tools made from whalebone(鲸须). There was no whalebone available in the . However they could get it from the natives living in the Pacific Northwest area.
Some people use bartering today to get things the need. You might to do the dishes for your brother if he will take you to the movies. Especially in hard economic people return to this way of getting things they need.
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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
With his leg lame（瘸的）and his teeth uneven, the boy almost thought of himself as the most unfortunate child in the world. He played with his classmates, and when asked to answer questions, he always his head without a word.
One spring, his father brought home some saplings（树苗）. of his children would plant a sapling and he promised, "Whoever his sapling best shall get a favorite gift." The boy certainly wanted to get the gift. seeing his brothers and sisters watering the trees, an idea him: he hoped the tree he planted would die soon. So after watering it once or twice, he never it. A few days later, he was to find it not only didn't die, but also grew some fresh . Compared with those of his brothers and sisters, his appeared greener. His father kept his , bought the little boy a gift and said he would surely become an outstanding __ when he grew up.
From then on, the little boy slowly became and confident. One night, he suddenly __ his biology teacher once said that plants grow at night. Why not go to see his tree? When he came to the courtyard, he found his father was working near his tree with a ladle（长柄勺）. All of a sudden, he : his father had been secretly his small tree! He returned to his room, tears his eyes.
Decades passed. The little boy didn't become a botanist. , he was elected President of the United States. His name was Franklin Roosevelt. is the best nourishment（滋养品）of life. it is just a bucket of water, it can make the tree of life grow well.
A．ever B．seldom C．still D．often
A．held B．raised C．lowered D．covered
A．Both B．None C．One D．Each
A．likes B．protects C．grows D．watches
A．And B．So C．Before D．But
A．cared for B．got rid of C．occurred to D．put forward
A．appealed to B．took care of C．adapted to D．turned to
A．surprised B．frightened C．disappointed D．amused
A．roots B．leaves C．branches D．seeds
A．word B．balance C．agreement D．opinion
A．teacher B．gardener C．president D．botanist
A．satisfied B．certain C．optimistic D．independent
A．believed B．recalled C．repeated D．knew
A．generally B．hardly C．recently D．voluntarily
A．remembered B．understood C．wondered D．admitted
A．cutting B．decorating C．watering D．fertilizing
A．filling B．falling C．dropping D．crying
A．Therefore B．Besides C．Moreover D．Instead
A．Love B．Water C．Disability D．Father
A．So long as B．If only C．Now that D．Even though
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1--20各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
You've been away from us for one year; you told us a lie which I came to know not long ago.
On this special day for teachers across the country, I can ______keep myself from telling your white lie to those who would lend me an ear.
Do you still remember the happy ______about six years ago? We fixed our eyes upon you at your _____.You, a beautiful young lady, ______ us that you would live in our village.
Soon after, we began to find you were part of your students and their simple honest parents. The villagers found their children ______more time on their books ______ after doing their homework and housework. Yet they still ______ that one day you might leave. You ______a smile all the time, which reduced to some degree their_____ of your leaving. You went all out in the ______ of your students, helping them not only in their studies but also in their tuition(学费).You often emphasized to us the ______ of one's life, so that must have been what you were ______ in those five years!
One cold morning when class began, you entered the room ______ you had been crying ______.In your class, we ______ but looked away from your eyes. You ______for some time as if you were _____to find this right word…you said you would go away and would never be back to teach because your boyfriend wanted you more…?
On the following morning, we ______ you the very best and the villagers gave you their ______The train took you away and your broken ______The other day I happened to hear my parents chatting that you had lung cancer and left the world soon after you waved goodbye.
A．forever B．seldom C．hardly D．soon
A．scene B．condition C．sign D．sight
A．report B．arrival C．explanation D．speech
A．promised B．answered C．permitted D．agreed
A．shared B．spent C．paid D．devoted
A．even B．ever C．soon D．still
A．considered B．feared C．supposed D．doubted
A．wore B．pretended C．gained D．presented
A．pule B．trouble C．question D．fear
A．teaching B．middle C．course D．field
A．way B．wealth C．value D．cost
A．after B．for C．with D．against
A．as if B．because C．even though D．before
A．happily B．bitterly C．anxiously D．angrily
A．listened B．talked C．discussed D．studied
A．explained B．stopped C．talked D．spoke
A．thinking B．worrying C．crying D．trying
A．hoped B．expected C．wished D．brought
A．thanks B．satisfactions C．expressions D．rewards
A．boy B．class C．heart D．memory
We should show respect to everybody, especially our elders because they are ahead of us — in age, in wisdom and maturity, in experience and education. Our have done a lot for us, directly or indirectly and most of us everything to their kindness and love.
When we them respect, whether it is by bowing to them, or them with a smile, or offering them any help they need, it is one way of our own love and gratitude to them. , elders have also been through all the years you are and know a little more about the world than you do.
It is that you do not agree with the belief of your elders, but this is nothing new. All younger generations have always with their elders and it is these differences that bring changes in human . However much you disagree with them, give them credit for their .
With changing times and influences, youngsters no longer know what is interpreted as disrespect to elders. Youngsters should express their views and if there are arguments, they should not their voices.
If there is no space on sofas or chairs, children will immediately their places, and sit on the carpet. In buses and trains, youngsters are to give up their places to older people. This is not a of who has more rights. It is simply that those who are younger have the strength to bear , or tolerate unpleasantness, so it is natural to show consideration to those who are older and perhaps at a disadvantage.
When you do simple things as a mark of respect, elders become that youngsters care for them, and they respond with affection and kindness.
A．youngsters B．parents C．elders D．juniors
A．owe B．devote C．pay D．contribute
A．point B．explain C．exhibit D．show
A．receiving B．greeting C．declaring D．showing
A．describing B．expressing C．sending D．suggesting
A．Besides B．Therefore C．However D．Though
A．experiencing with B．suffering from C．going through D．worrying out
A．maybe B．possible C．likely D．probably
A．quarreled B．disagreed C．lived D．dealt
A．public B．organization C．community D．society
A．information B．reality C．emotion D．experience
A．special B．cultural C．environmental D．position
A．silently B．slightly C．quietly D．coldly
A．raise B．rise C．support D．force
A．give up B．get rid of C．give away D．send out
A．forced B．expected C．needed D．reminded
A．question B．doubt C．wonder D．challenge
A．suffering B．upset C．discomfort D．trouble
A．serious B．light C．slight D．heavy
A．sensible B．alive C．knowing D．aware
完形填空 (共20小题；每小题1分，共20分)
The writer Devin with his friend Johnson went to his favourite news-stand. Johnson the salesman selling the newspapers gently, but in return he received poor .The salesman never even looked up at his customer when he the late-night edition. Accepting the , Johnson politely smiled and wished the salesman a pleasant weekend. The salesman made an unclear sound and seemed that the two men had completed their business. As the two friends walked down the street, Devin asked, “Does he always treat you so ?”
“Yes,,he does,” Johnson responded. “And are you always so and friendly to him?” “Yes, I am!” Johnson as they turned a corner. “Why are you so nice when he is so unfriendly to you?” Johnson ,“Because I don’t want him to decide how I am going to .”
Who how you are going to act? Is it your circumstances or the difficult people in your life that determine your ? When we allow our conflicts to us, we behave as if getting rid of our difficulties is our only priority(优先权). , it doesn’t really matter how we treat one another. For example, we’ll say, “This is causing me problems right now so I don’t care about exercising , self-control, and loving kindness. Instead, I want to let him know how I am because of his action.”
We forget our difficulties will eventually weaken. But the way we handle conflicts will influence our for a long time. Will you only respond to the momentary crisis（危机）or will you be more concerned about the of what kind of person you are becoming? Who decides how you will behave when the pressure is on?
Who how you are going to act? Is it your circumstances or the difficult people in your life that determine your ? When we allow our conflicts to us, we behave as if getting rid of our difficulties is our only priority(优先权). , it doesn’t really matter how we treat one another. For example, we’ll say, “This is causing me problems right now so I don’t care about exercising , self-control, and loving kindness. Instead, I want to let him know how I am because of his action.”
A．praised B．paid C．invited D．greeted
A．service B．harvest C．instructions D．scores
A．printed B．requested C．completed D．took
A．newspaper B．record C．radio D．food
A．encouraged B．disappointed C．relieved D．worried
A．separately B．seriously C．quickly D．rudely
A．obviously B．originally C．unfortunately D．finally
A．content B．smart C．energetic D．kind
A．struggled B．hesitated C．continued D．watched
A．ordered B．wondered C．advised D．explained
A．work B．act C．arrive D．write
A．decides B．imagines C．answers D．doubts
A．responses B．appearance C．growth D．progress
A．wound B．control C．cheat D．kill
A．Instead B．Again C．Therefore D．Besides
A．exam B．person C．trip D．enemy
A．pressure B．power C．duty D．patience
A．proud B．glad C．angry D．fearful
A．lives B．experiments C．friendship D．team
A．time B．value C．use D．nationality
One morning, Ann found a lost dog wandering around the local elementary school. Ann took photos of the dog and 400 FOUND fliers（传单）everywhere. , her husband went to a store and bought some pet , warning their two sons not to fall in love with the dog. At the time, Ann’s son Thomas was 10 years old, and Jack, who was from a heart operation, was 21 years old.
Four days later Ann was still looking after the dog, they had started to call Riley. When she arrived home from work, the dog threw itself the screen door and barked at her. She was puzzled. she opened the door, Riley rushed into the boys’ room where Ann found Jack suffering from a heart . Riley ran over to Jack, but the moment Ann bent to help him the dog went .
“If it hadn’t come to get me, the doctor said Jack have died,” Ann reported to a local newspaper. At this point, had called to claim the dog, so Ann to keep it.
The next morning Ann got a call. A man named Peter his lost dog and called the number on the .
Peter drove to Ann’s house to his dog, and saw Thomas and Jack crying in the window. After the dog saved Jack, Peter , “Maybe Odie was to find you. Maybe you should keep it.”
A．put off B．set out C．gave out D．gave off
A．Meanwhile B．Therefore C．However D．Otherwise
A．supplies B．clothes C．chains D．houses
A．discouraging B．recovering C．treating D．dying
A．what B．that C．whom D．as
A．in B．over C．against D．up
A．quickly B．weakly C．hardly D．madly
A．As long as B．Once C．If D．As soon as
A．operation B．injury C．attack D．hurt
A．on B．in C．back D．over
A．silent B．crazy C．wild D．hungry
A．must B．may C．would D．should
A．somebody B．anybody C．everybody D．nobody
A．afforded B．decided C．refused D．managed
A．recognized B．remembered C．abandoned D．accepted
A．advertisement B．flier C．poster D．newspaper
A．put up B．give up C．pick up D．make up
A．learning B．suggesting C．reminding D．seeing
A．cried B．sighed C．answered D．laughed
A．supposed B．ready C．willing D．ought