阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
There are no ocean waves in St. Louis. We have to drive a long way to get to the ocean. Every summer we put our stuff and ourselves into the car and drive 1,000 miles to reach Vero Beach, Florida.
Once we get there, it’s all about at the beach. I’ve wanted to be a for a long time. My mom used to surf when she lived in Florida during college. I my mom to let me surf, and she promised to find a surfing for me. He found me instead.
One day when my mom was taking an old surfboard to a surf shop for , a surfer the door open for her and helped her carry the board inside. They started and she learned he’s a surfing . My mom asked him if he had any working with people with disabilities. He did and told her he would love to work with me. That’s how I my friend, Coach Bill Bolton, in 2014.
First Coach Bill taught me the pop-up. I had so much fun surfing with Coach Bill in 2014, I didn’t make it to on the board.
When we went to Florida this summer, I had more surfing with Coach Bill. We worked hard on the sand and in the water. On our third day together we our surfboards out past a sand bar where small waves were . I came close to standing each time, and on the last of the day I got up on my feet and stayed up! I was so ! So was Coach Bill.
We went to the same surfing spot the next day. Guess what! I so many times and rode wave after wave. Coach Bill called me a “surf goddess”. It was one of the days ever! I hope my story you to go surfing or to try something new. I know you can do it.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In the 1960s，Douglas McGregor，one of the key thinkers in the art of management，developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y．Theory X is the idea that people instinctively （51） work and will do anything to avoid it．Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work．
In any case，despite so much evidence to the （52） ，many managers still agree to Theory X．They believe，（53） ，that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively，or that decisions must be imposed from （54） without consultation．This，of course，makes for authoritarian （专制的） managers．
Different cultures have different ways of （55） people．Unlike authoritarian management，some cultures，particularly in Asia，are well known for the consultative nature of decision﹣making﹣all members of the department or work group are asked to （56） to this process．This is management by the collective opinion．Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things，which are based on general （57） ．Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional （58） managers cannot．
A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative，to make decisions on their own without（59） managers first．This empowerment （授权） has been part of the trend towards downsizing：（60） the number of management layers in companies．After de﹣layering in this way，a company may be （61） with just a top level of senior managers，front﹣line managers and employees with direct contact with the public．Empowerment takes the idea of delegation （委托） much further than has （62） been the case．Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to （63） that the overall business plan is being followed，and that operations become more profitable under the new organization，rather than less．
Another trend is off﹣site or （64） management，where teams of people linked by e﹣mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses．Project managers evaluate the （65） of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects，rather than the amount of time they spend on them．
|
51．A．desire |
B．seek |
C．lose |
D．dislike |
|
52．A．contrary |
B．expectation |
C．degree |
D．extreme |
|
53．A．vice versa |
B．for example |
C．however |
D．otherwise |
|
54．A．outside |
B．inside |
C．below |
D．above |
|
55．A．replacing |
B．assessing |
C．managing |
D．encouraging |
|
56．A．refer |
B．contribute |
C．object |
D．apply |
|
57．A．agreement |
B．practice |
C．election |
D．impression |
|
58．A．bossy |
B．experienced |
C．western |
D．male |
|
59．A．asking |
B．training |
C．warning |
D．firing |
|
60．A．doubling |
B．maintaining |
C．reducing |
D．estimating |
|
61．A．honoured |
B．left |
C．crowded |
D．compared |
|
62．A．economically |
B．traditionally |
C．inadequately |
D．occasionally |
|
63．A．deny |
B．admit |
C．assume |
D．ensure |
|
64．A．virtual |
B．ineffective |
C．day﹣to﹣day |
D．on﹣the﹣scene |
|
65．A．opinion |
B．risk |
C．performance |
D．attractiveness |
|
A．account B．adjustable C．appliances D．capture E．decorations F．direct G．experiment H．intended I．operated J．soulless K．squeeze |
Golden Rules of Good Design
What makes good design？Over the years，designers and artists have been trying to （41） the essentials of good design．They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design．There are four as follows．
Less is more．This saying is associated with the German﹣born architect Mies van der Rohe．In his Modernist view，beauty lies in simplicity and elegance，and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means．Design should avoid unnecessary （42）
More is not a bore．The American﹣born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly，the result is （43） design．Post﹣Modernist designers began to （44） with decoration and color again．Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen （45） such as ovens and kettles．
Fitness for purpose．Successful product design takes into consideration a product's function，purpose，shape，form，color，and so on．The most important result for the user is that the product does what is （46） ．For example，think of a（n） （47） desk lamp．It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user．It also needs to be stable．Most importantly，it needs to （48） light where it is needed．
From follows emotion．This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger．He believes design must take into（49） the sensory side of our nature﹣sight，smell，touch and taste．These are as important as rational（理性的） thinking．When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste，we appreciate a cool﹣looking device that allows us to easily（50） the toothpaste onto our brush．
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A,B,C,D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂上。
I was 14 years old． I was angry and rebellious, with regard for anything my parents had to say, if it had nothing to do with me．Like so many , I struggled to escape from anything that didn’t my picture of the world． As a “ brilliant without need of guidance” kid, I rejected any obvious of love．In fact, I got angry at the of the word “love”．
One , after an extremely difficult day, I into my room, shut the door loudly and fell down onto my bed heavily．As I lay down in the privacy of my , my hands placed under my pillow．There was an envelope．I pulled it out and on the envelope it said, “To when you’re alone．”
I was alone, no one would know whether I read it or not．So I opened it．It said，“Mike，I know life is right now, I know you are frustrated and I know we don’t do everything right．I also know that I love you and nothing you do or say will ever change that．I am here for you if you ever need to talk．If you don’t, that’s also ．Just know that no matter where you go or whatever you do in your life, I will always love you and be that you are my son．I’m here for you and I love you-that will never Love you, Mom．”
Every night as I went to bed, I would put my hands under my , and I remember the I felt every time I got a letter．During my teen years, the letters were the calm assurance that I still could be loved my anger and rudeness．Just before I fell I became grateful that my mom knew what I, an angry teenager, needed．
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tom was crossing the road the other day when he saw a red car coming in the distance．He thought the car would _____, as the lights had turned red． _____, the car was going too ____ and Tom soon _____ that it couldn’t stop in time．He _____ to move out of its _____ but it was too late．Tom was ____ down by the red car and lay _____ dead on the road． Passers-by ______ went to him and an ambulance（救护车）was _____for．The driver of the red car didn’t stop, ____one of the men had written down the _____ of the car, which he _____ to the police who arrived at the site（现场）．
At the same time, Tom was taken to the ____ and his parents were called for．They were very _____ to hear of the accident and quickly rushed to his ___．For three days Tom was not able to feel or think and his parents were worried that he _____ die．But on the fourth day Tom ____ and spoke softly．His parents were _____．The police by then had _____ the owner of the car and caught hold of him at last．
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D．Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
At 1:30 p.m．on March 31, 1981, John Hinckley Jr．stepped from a crowd of onlookers and tried to kill Ronald Reagan, the president of the United States．Although he failed, he did cause injury to the president．The crime was committed in clear view of many people．__________, at the end of his trial, Hinckley was found not _________ by reason of insanity(精神失常)．Instead of prison, Hinckley was sent to a mental hospital, where he remains.
The judgment in Hinckley’s case did more than annoy a few people．It ______ a nationwide debate about whether people accused of a crime can claim they were insane when they did it．If they were capable of _______ and then committing a crime, how could they later claim to have been insane? One starting point is to identify what insane means in a U.S．court of law.
Very young children cannot be ______ if they do not know right from wrong, because they cannot be held morally responsible for their actions．For most people, moral responsibility comes with age and maturity．Psychologists, however, say that there are some adults who cannot recognize right from wrong．Since these adults cannot tell the ______, they should not be held morally responsible for their actions．In a U.S．court of law, an adult like this may be considered insane．Hinckley was judged insane because _______ determined that his mind was not functioning like a(n) _______ adult’s so he had no idea what he was doing．Instead of spending the rest of his life in prison, Hinckley would be committed to a mental hospital, where he could be treated for his illness.
People who are against the use of an insanity defense say that criminals like Hinckley do know what they are doing．_____ of the insanity defense say that everyone who commits a serous crime like Hinckley’s could be said to be mentally ill．Otherwise, the person would not commit the crime _______．There are many people who struggle with severe mental illness who do not commit crimes．The illnesses should not be used as a(n) ______ for violent behavior.
People who _______ the insanity defense believe that mental illnesses are not always treatable．Psychologists have been able to detect patterns of behavior．These mental detectives have _____ evidence that a person can be insane but seem normal．Hinckley and others with ______ conditions suffer from delusions(错觉)．Even though people with delusions may seem normal, the world does not appear to them as it does to other people．Therefore, experts say, such people cannot be held to the rules of behavior other people are held to．Their punishments should be _____.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|