【北京市2015年中考英语试题】阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。（共10分，每题2分）
Black Friday
Thanksgiving is always on a Thursday. The day after it has been known as Black Friday. It is the start of the holiday shopping season, and it has been the busiest shopping day of the year in the US since 2005.
Most stores offer big sales on Black Friday. They open their doors quite early in the morning. They try to attract shoppers with big discounts (打折). Some items (商品)like TVs and cloths are much cheaper than usual. Stores may even lose money on these items. They hope that shoppers will buy gifts for other people while they are in the store.
Black Friday is a great time to go shopping. However, there are problem. The biggest one is that there are not enough low-priced items. Each store may only have a few. These items are in great need, so people stand in long lines to get them. They may wait three to four hours before a store opens. They may be hoping to get a low price on a TV or computer, but not everybody can get one. Some people leave, disappointed.
The situation makes people worried. Some Black Friday events have been crazy. There have been fights over toys among shoppers. Some workers have even been hurt by large crowds. But most Black Friday events are safe and fun. Still, if you plan to go, you will expect large crowds and a bit of pushing.
So where does the name “Black Friday” come from? It was first used in Philadelphia in the 1950s. The police called this day Black Friday because of the heavy traffic it caused. In the 1960s, stores tried to rename the day “Big Friday”. It did not stick. The name “Black Friday” continued to spread across the country. It seems that it is here to stay.
Now people all over the country take part in Black Friday events. It is even spreading to other parts of the world. Stores have held Black Friday events in the UK, Australia, and Brazil since 2012. In Mexico, stores offer a weekend of discounts every year. They call it “El Buen Fin”, which means “the good weekend” in Spanish. I guess people everywhere like to buy things on sale.Is Black Friday the start of the holiday shopping season?
What is the biggest problem with Black Friday?
How long may people have to wait before a store opens?
Where was the name “Black Friday” first used in the 1950s?
Why do people like going shopping on Black Friday?
THREE CENTURIES OF HOAXES（骗局；恶作剧）！
A THINKING MACHINE
In 1769，long before computers were invented，a man from Hungary（匈牙利） built a wonderful machine that could play chess very well．It delighted（使高兴） people all over Europe and beat nearly everyone it played，including famous figures like French leader Napoleon Bonaparte，and scientist and inventor Benjamin Franklin．For decades，many people believed that it was truly a thinking machine．
There were people who said it was a hoax，but could not prove it or explain how it worked．About 85 years later，the secret was finally revealed．There was a man hiding inside the machine all the time…who was obviously very good at playing chess!
200 ESCAPE（逃脱）
On November 9，1874，New York newspaper，The Herald，ran a shocking story on its front page．It said that all the animals in the Central Park Zoo had escaped and were running around the city．It said the police were working to save people，but 27 people had already been killed，and 200 people hut．It wanted everyone to stay at home to avoid danger．Many people in New York were terrified，and did as the paper said．If only they had read the final words of the article，which said："Not one word of it is true Not a single act described has taken place．"It was all just a hoax．The story was made up by Thomas Connery，an editor at The Herald，who wanted to draw attention to the poor condition of cages in the zoo．
ROSIE THE RUNNER
The first woman to cross the finish line of the 1980 Boston Marathon（马拉松） was 23﹣year﹣old Rosie Ruiz．However，as she climbed the stairs to receive her prize，people started to become suspicious（怀疑的）．She didn't seem to be tired at all．Furthermore，none of the other runners remembered seeing her，and her picture never appeared in photos or TV broadcasts of the race．Later，several people said that they had seen her join the race only at the end．It turned out she had run only half a mile（about 805 meters）and taken the train for the rest of the race! Her prize was taken away，of course．
42．The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 1 refers to（指）
A．the hoax．
B．the news．
C．the thinking machine．
D．the computer．
43．Which of the following is mentioned in the passage？
A．The thinking machine used a computer to win games．
B.200 people were killed by zoo animals in l874．
C．Rosie Ruiz wasn't tired at the finish line．
D．Rosie Ruiz didn't appear in TV broadcasts of the race．
44．What is true about all the writer in the passage？
A．They made people scared．
B．They fooled a lot of people．
C．They made people suspicious．
D．They delighted people．
45．The title of the passage shows us that the writer thinks that hoaxes
A．are not new．
B．are easily avoided．
C．are always cruel．
D．are usually unbelievable．
I want to rant a little about cell phones．Here are a few things I hate about them．
I hate it when people tum cell phones on in the movies to check their messages．When someone turns a cell phone on in the movies，I want to turn on a flashlight and point it at their faces．
I hate it when people talk loudly on cell phones in libraries，in quick bookstores，on buses or on trains．Do these people really think we want to hear their conversation？It's not very interesting，to be honest．They're usually talking about what they ate for breakfast，and we can't hear the other end of the conversation（although I'm pretty sure the other side of the conversation is just as boring）．
I hate it when people answer their phone calls while I'm talking to them，and then，in front of me，continue a long conversation．I also hate it when people text while I'm siting at dinner with them．This is probably the worst thing people do on cell phones．This sends the message to the person you're eating with that "You are not interesting or important enough．I'd rather text my other friend．Obviously，I like this other friend much better than I like you．"
I saw a girl yesterday standing in front of the Pacific Ocean．The sun was setting．The sky was pink，orange，and blue．The waves were rolling onto the beach．She was looking down at her little pink cell phone，testing something．She did not look up once．I really wanted to tell her，"A"
38．People usually rant about things that make them
A．angry
B．embarrassed
C．sad
D．disappointed
39．The writer believes the worst thing that people do with cell phones is teat someone
A．while reading in a library
B．while walking at the beach
C．while watching movies in the theater
D．while eating dinner with someone else
40．The writer probably
A．hates people who have cell phones
B．talks loudly on her cell phone on buses
C．tries to use her cell phone politely
D．calls someone often at breakfast
41．What would the writer probably say at the end of the passage？
A．Put away your cell phone and go to enjoy the latest movies!
B．Turn off your cell phone and talk to your friends face to face!
C．leave your cell phone in the bag and go home for dinner with your family!
D．Throw your cell phone in the ocean and enjoy the wonderful worried in front of you!
Do you know any 9﹣year﹣olds who have started their own museums？When Theodore Roosevelt（罗斯福） was only nine，he and two of his cousins opened the "Roosevelt Museum of Natural History．"The museum was in Theodore's bedroom．It had a total of 12 specimens（标本）．On display were a few seashells，some dead insects and some birds' nests．Young Roosevelt took great pride in his small museum．
Born in New York in 1858，Theodore Roosevelt was not always healthy．"I was a sickly，delicate boy．"he once wrote．Roosevelt had a health condition called asthma（哮喘）．He often found it hard to breathe．Instead of playing，he observed（观察） nature and then read and wrote about it．
Roosevelt's interest in nature sometimes got him into trouble．Once，his mother found several dead mice in the icebox．She ordered him to throw them out．This was indeed "a loss to science，"Roosevelt said later．
Because Roosevelt was often sickly as a boy，his body was small and weak．When he was about 12，his father urged him to improve his body．Roosevelt began working out in a gym．He didn't become strong quickly．But he did decide to face life's challenges with a strong spirit．That determination stayed with Roosevelt his whole life．And finally his body did get strong．As an adult，he was an active，healthy person．He enjoyed adventures and loved the outdoors．
In 1900，at the age of 41，Roosevelt was elected Vice President．A year later．President McKinley，was shot and killed．Roosevelt became the 26th President of the USA．At 42，he was the youngest leader the country had ever had．
34．What is the main idea of the first paragraph？
A．Roosevelt's museum had 12 specimens．
B．Roosevelt had two cousins．
C．Roosevelt was a brave man．
D．Roosevelt had a small museum as a by．
35．Which of the following tells about Roosevelt as a boy？
A．He liked playing outdoor sports．
B．He became the president in 1901．
C．He was interested in observing nature．
D．He was a healthy person full of energy．
36．It can be inferred（推断）that
A．Roosevelt's mother liked mice
B．Roosevelt followed his father's advice
C．everyone with asthma is small and weak
D．working out in a gym is a waste of time
37．In which book might you find this passage？
A．Improving Your Body
B．Living With Asthma
C．Small Museums of Natural History
D．The Childhoods of America's Presidents．
Don't Worry! Be Happy!
If I were a bird．I'd fly up high，
Above the clouds，up in the sky．
I'd float and sing and soar and play，
Without any worries to ruin my day．
If I were a dolphin，I'd splash in the sea，
And dive and flip﹣great fun for me!
I'd play with friends under the sea so blue．
There'd be no chores or homework to do．
If I were a bear，I'd sleep all day，
And then wake up at night to play．
I'd fish and run and jump and climb，
With no one around to ruin my good time．
If I were a dog，daring the day I'd rest．
So when Master came home，I'd be at my best﹣
Ready to run or play balls or catch，
Ready to jump，roll over or fetch．
But I'm not a dog or a bird or a bear，
I'm not dolphin who can swim everywhere．
I'm just a kid who wants to have fun，
But I know I can't till my work's all
Word bank：
float v．漂浮 soar v．高飞
ruin v．毁灭 splash v．飞溅
31．The poem is probably written by a（an）
A．student
B．teacher
C．actor
D．zoo keeper
32．The author is trying to tell us he wants to
A．fly or swim all day
B．be free like animals
C．be a dog
D．fish and run in the forests
33．The best word for the blank in the poem is
A．checked
B．gone
C．done
D．finished．
A．根据上文介绍的三个步骤，将下列A、B、C、D四个选项进行排序．
A．science B．school subjects C．school D．school activities
Step l：46． Step 2：47． 48． Step 3：49．
B．将上述A、B、C、D四个选项组成一幅思维导图（组图时可用字母编号或所给词汇）