【福建省厦门市2015年中考英语试题】阅读下面五篇文章，根据文章的内容选择最佳答案作答37-61小题。
Peking Opera(Beijing Opera), is one of the most ancient forms of drama in the world. The roles in it were Sheng, Dan, Jing, Mo, Chou, Wuhang, and Longtao during its early age. But with the development of Peking Opera, there are four main roles in it today: Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou.
Sheng——Men Roles
Sheng are the men roles in Peking Opera, which can be divided into Laosheng, Wusheng, Xiaosheng and Wawasheng.
Laosheng are middle-aged or older men who are decisive and honest. Hongsheng, a type(种类) of Laosheng, have a red face. There are only two roles knowns as Hongsheng. One is Guan Gong and the other is Zhao Kuangyin. Wusheng are young generals skilled in martial arts(武术). Xiaosheng are clean-shaven(没有胡须的) and handsome. Wawasheng are children’s parts.
Dan——women Roles
Dan are women roles that can be divided into different types—— Laodan, Qingyi, Huadan, Wudan and Caidan.
Laodan play old and clever women. Qingyi are the main women roles. Huashan, a type of Qingyi, was created by Mei Lanfang, who played an important role in shaping Peking Opera. Huadan are lively and unmarried women roles. Wudan characters are woman skilled in martial arts. Caidan are clowns(小丑) in funny plays and comedies.
Jing——Painted Face Men Roles
A Jing role is an important man character with striking(吸引人的) looks and high social position. There main types of Jing are Tongchui, good at singing and usually a general; Jiazi, good at acting with less singing; and Wujing, a martial arts and acrobatics(杂技) role.
Chou——ComedyRoles
Chou are comedy roles in Peking Opera. There are Wenchou who speak, act and sing, and Wuchou who both speak and fight. What makes this type of painted face role special is a small patch(块) of white chalk around the nose. One of the famous roles is the Monkey King, who has a special position in the hearts of all who are interested in Chinese opera.
The passage is mainly about____.
A. the roles in Peking Opera
B. the development of plays
C. different forms of dramas
____ are both good at martial arts.
A. Wawasheng and wenchou
B. Wusheng and Wudan
C. Wuchou and Caidan
____ belong to the same role type in Peking Opera.
A. Wujing and Huadan
B. Tongchui and Jiazi
C. Laosheng and Laodan
Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Mei Lanfang created a type of Qingyi—Hongsheng.\
B. Zhao Kuangyin and Guan Gong are two roles know as Xiaosheng.
C. The Monkey King has a special position among Peking Opera fans.
From the passage, we know Picture ____ is a Chou role.
A. 
B.
C. 
Many people say that they are working too many hours. They don't have enough time to relax or to stay with their family.
Work hours are different from one country to another. In France, people spend about 1,646 hours a year at work. In Japan, however, people work about 2,159 hours a year. That means a Japanese worker works 513 more hours a year than a French worker.
Why do people work so many hours? Some people work extra hours because they want to make more money. However, many companies don't pay overtime. Their workers don't get more pay for more work. Some people think it's their duty to work more hours. Some are afraid of losing their jobs if they don't work more hours.
Many people say that their vacations are too short. In France, people get five weeks of paid vacation a year. In Germany, they get four to six weeks, and in the United States, two weeks. One study shows fewer than half of workers used all their vacation days. In Great Britain, there is a saying, "All work and no play makes Jack a dull (迟钝的) boy." If that is true, there must be a lot of dull people in the world.A Japanese worker works __ more hours a year than a French one.
| A．513 | B．1,646 |
| C．2,159 | D．3,805 |
The word "extra" in Paragraph 3 means ".
| A．正常的 | B．额外的 | C．有用的 | D．少量的 |
People in ________ get only two weeks of paid vacation a year.
| A．France | B．Germany |
| C．the United States | D．Great Britain |
Which of the following is true according to the passage?
| A．No companies offer vacations to their workers. |
| B．Many people say they have enough time to relax. |
| C．Not all companies pay their workers for more work. |
| D．More than half of workers use all their vacation days. |
What can we infer from the passage?
| A．Many workers have to work long hours. |
| B．Many people have vacations long enough. |
| C．Work hours are the same around the world. |
| D．There are a lot of dull people in the world. |
According to the Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (疾病控制中心), if you don’t often wash your hands, you can pick up viruses (病毒)from many places and make yourself ill. You’re at risk every time you touch your eyes, nose or mouth. In fact, one of the most common ways people catch colds is by rubbing their noses or their eyes when there are cold viruses on their hands. If you don’t often wash yours hands, specially when you’re sick, you may spread the viruses directly to others. You should wash your hands in the following situations:
After using the bathroom
After blowing your nose or coughing
Before eating, serving or preparing food
After touching pets or other animals
After visiting anyone who is sick
When your hands are dirty
There is a right way to wash your hands. Follow these simple steps to keep your hands clean.
Use warm water (not cold or hot)
Wash for 15 seconds
Rinse (冲洗) well under warm water and dry them with a clean towel.
Information Card
| Way to protect against the spread of illness |
|
| Correct way to wash your hands |
Use running water which is |
| Situations in which you must wash your hands |
After using the Before having food After visiting |
| Time needed to wash your hands |
Here in Siberia (西伯利亚), the winter is always very long and it’s very, very cold! It starts to snow in November and the snow won’t leave until May. The temperature is usually about -25℃, but it’s sometimes much colder. When it’s -35℃, children can’t go to school, but grown-ups still go to work! We wear a lot of warm clothes: socks and boots, sweaters and fur coats. All the houses have heating, so it’s never cold inside. In winter, we close the windows to stop the wind from getting in, and we don’t open them again until spring.
In spring and summer it rains a lot, and we don’t often see the sun. In summer it’s often about 25℃, but the weather is very changeable. One day it’s 25℃, and the next day it’s 10℃. People say that the weather was even colder in the past.How long is Siberia’s snowy time?
What are used in Siberia to keep the people and houses warm?
Do children go to school when it’s -35℃ in winter?
What’s the weather like in spring?
How does the weather in Siberia often change in summer?
How dangerous it would be if there was a fire! Today is in winter. It’s time for us to learn a lot more about fire, especially what to do if we are caught in a fire:
1. Shout out
If you smell smoke or see fire, shout out “Fire!” Shout as loudly as you can, because people may be asleep.
2. Call 119
Never try to put the fire yourself, even if it is a very small one! Get help from your parents or call 119.
3. Keep down close to the floor
If there is a lot of smoke in your room, keep down close to the floor.
4. Test the door
Test the door before you open it. If the door is cool, open it carefully. If the door is hot, do not open it! Try to find a different way out.
5. Get out
If you can, get out of your home as soon as possible.
6. Don’t use the lift
Never use the lift during the fire. It may also go wrong.
7. Don’t go back
Never go back into a burning building! The passage is mainly about _____
| A．how to look after yourself when you are on fire |
| B．what to do when you are caught in a fire |
| C．when to leave the burning place |
| D．why to call 119 when there is a fire |
When people are asleep, what will you do when a fire breaks out in your building?
| A．Call 120 for help as quickly as you can |
| B．Only wake your parents up fast |
| C．Shout out “Fire!” as loudly as you can |
| D．Run away as fast as you can and don’t call others |
Why shouldn’t you use the lift when a fire breaks out?
| A．Because taking the lift is so slow |
| B．Because the fire can burn you |
| C．Because the lift is too crowded |
| D．Because the lift may not work |
When a fire is burning, you test the door to ____
| A．find a better way out |
| B．notice the fire clearly |
| C．call for a much quicker help |
| D．see if it is close |
If you realize you have left an expensive thing at home in a fire, you should
| A．not go back for it |
| B．keep down close to the door |
| C．not get out |
| D．get it back |
A smile will tell people around you that you are a kind and friendly person. However, many people don’t smile because they think they have ugly teeth. For example, one of my classmates, Mike, doesn’t have very nice teeth, so that is why he seldom opens his mouth. He even says that he has lost confidence because of his teeth. So it is very important for us to look after our teeth. In fact, a lot of people have this problem. Some people inherit teeth problems from their parents, while others’ teeth are damaged because of bad habits, like heavy smoking, eating too much sugar or not brushing teeth often. If your teeth are in bad shape, you should see a dentist and ask for help. They can help improve your teeth and tell you how to take care of them.
Smiling can help you to feel more confidence and make people think of you as a more friendly person. If you want to keep healthy, you should not only smile but also laugh. An Indian doctor called Kataria said that young children should laugh about 30 times a day, while adults should laugh between 7 and 15 times a day. So please take this chance to smile and laugh now.What has made Mike lose his confidence?
| A．His bad habit | B．His bad teeth |
| C．Not smiling | D．Eating too much sugar |
Many people don’t smile because ______
| A．they don’t like smiling |
| B．they think they are ugly |
| C．their teeth are not beautiful |
| D．they can’t open their mouths |
What can a dentist do according to the passage?
| A．A dentist can tell you how to improve your bad teeth. |
| B．A dentist can help you to take care of your bad teeth. |
| C．A dentist can tell you how to brush your teeth. |
| D．Both A and B |
If you want to keep healthy, you had better _____
| A．not smile often |
| B．laugh all the time |
| C．neither smile nor laugh |
| D．smile and even laugh often |
How many times should a child laugh every day in doctor Kataria’s opinion
| A．Either 20 or 30 times a day |
| B．Between 7 and 15 times a day |
| C．Around 30 times a day |
| D．Only 30 times a day |