Imagine your body is like the house you live in. Every day, your family creates rubbish. The rubbish builds up until it is put out for the weekly garbage collection.
Now, say you put three bags of garbage out, but because one of the collectors was away sick, only two bags are collected. You take the leftover bag inside to be put out again next week. The following week you put on another three bags, plus the leftover bag from last week. But again, only two bags are collected. Imagine this cycle is repeated over the following weeks.
This is a simple description of what happens to your body when your kidneys (肾脏) don’t work efficiently. Your body is not thoroughly emptied of waste products. Other areas of the body such as blood pressure and red blood cell production are affected and the insidious process that may lead to kidney failure begins.
It’s not uncommon for people to lose up to 90% of their kidney function before developing any symptoms. There may be no warning signs. This makes early detection (诊查) difficult.
Kidney’s main job is to remove toxins (毒素) and unwanted water from our blood. Every day our kidneys clean an average of 200 litres of blood. Kidney failure may be a gradual and silent process, going unnoticed because there is no apparent pain.
Research shows that more than 25% of the patients requiring dialysis (透析) do not see a kidney specialist before they have to do so. Some risk factors for kidney disease such as age and genetic make up are out of our control; however, some changes in lifestyle may help prevent kidney damage．Two major risk factors for kidney disease, diabetes (糖尿病) and high blood pressure, have been on the rise over the last few decades．Both conditions are chiefly affected by being overweight and not getting enough exercises, which are the potential risk factors for the kidney disease. The author gives the example of the house we live in to indicate that _______.
| A．it’s safe and harmless for our body to keep some waste |
| B．it’s important for our body to empty the waste in time every day |
| C．our body will not produce any waste if our kidneys work efficiently |
| D．it doesn’t matter much if the waste in our body is not emptied in time |
The underlined word “insidious” in the third paragraph means _______.
| A．smooth and safe | B．obvious and fast |
| C．gradual and unnoticed | D．long and painful |
We can infer that when we find some symptoms related to our kidneys, _______.
| A．the kidney failure begins |
| B．the kidneys can still work properly |
| C．we have lost about 10% of kidney function |
| D．the kidneys may have been seriously damaged |
Which of the following helps prevent kidney damage most effectively?
| A．Go to see a kidney specialist shortly before dialysis starts. |
| B．Take enough exercise and make early detection of kidney disease. |
| C．Try to keep low blood pressure and a stable lifestyle. |
| D．Go to hospital whenever you find any warning signs. |
第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
Enjoyable Saturday
Do your children enjoy interesting stories，funny games，and exciting dances？Captain Goodfellow will be ready to do all these things with children at the City Theatre on Saturday morning at 10：00，free．
Movies at the Museum
Two European movies will be shown on Saturday afternoon at the Museum Theatre．See Broken Window at 1：30．The Workers will be at 3：45．For further information，call 4987898．
International Picnic
Are you tired of eating the same food every day？Come to Central Park on Saturday and enjoy food a11 over the world．Delicious and not expensive．Noon to 5：00 P．M．
Take Me out to the Ballgame
It’s November，and Saturday night（7：00—9：00）is your last chance to see the Red Birds this year．Get your tickets at the game．It might be cold．Don’t forget sweaters and jackets．
Do You Want to Hear “The Zoo”？
“The Zoo”，a popular rock group from Australia，will give their first US concert this Saturday night，at 8 at Rose Hall，City College．
56．On Saturday morning，you Can．
A．take children to play games at the City Theatre
B．go and watch a ballgame
C．go to a concert at Rose Hall，City College
D．go to the Central Park for a picnic
57．The Red Birds ballgame．
A．is in the afternoon B．is outside
C．is at the gate D．might be cold
58．“The Zoo”is．
A．a US concert B．a park with many red birds in it
C．a music group D．going to give their 1ast concert
59．Mr．Turner wants to have a nice Saturday．Which is NOT possible for him to do？
A．Watch a ballgame and have a picnic．
B．Have a picnic and see a movie．
C．Listen to concert and watch a ballgame．
D．Seeing a movie and listening to a concert。
Do you sometimes put off doing your homework on a school night to watch TV？A new study says that middle school students who watch TV or play video games during the week do worse in school．The study also says that watching TV and playing video games on weekends don’t affect school performance that much．
“They could watch a lot on weekends and it didn’t seem to connect with doing worse in school，”said Dr．Iman Sharif of Children’s Hospital at Montefiore in New York．The study appears in the October issue of Pediatrics．Researchers drew their conclusions after surveying（调查）4，500 students in New Hampshire and Vermont middle schools．
To reach their findings，researchers didn’t look at grades or test scores．Instead，they asked students to rate their own performance on a scale ranging from “excellent’’ to “below”．
Other studies have found a connection between kids’ ability to learn and the amount of TV they watch．One study even found that kids with televisions in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than kids without them．
What should fl kid do？The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends（推荐）that kids watch TV no more than two hours and that televisions be kept out of children’s rooms．Weekend viewing should be kept to four hours at most each day．
73．What could be the best title for the passage？
A．Study Says Students Shouldn’t Watch TV on a School Night
B．Watching TV Has an Effect on Children
C．Students Shouldn’t Watch TV
D．There Is a Connection Between Watching TV and Study
74．According to Dr．Iman Sharif，．
A．watching TV on weekends affects school performance
B．the less students watch TV on weekends，the better they do at school
C．watching TV on weekends doesn’t affect school performance
D．the more students watch TV on weekends, the worse they do at school
75．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？
A．Researchers did the survey by studying the students’ test scores．
B．Students’ learning ability has nothing to do with the amount of TV they watch．
C．Children with televisions in their rooms do better at school than those without them．
D．Children shouldn’t watch TV for more than four hours each day at weekends．
CAREER OPPORTUNITIES
1．Full—time Secretary Position Available：Applicants should have at least 2 years’ex-perience and be able to type 60 words a minute．No computer skills required．Apply in person at United Business Ltd，17 Browning Street，Leeds．
2．Part—time Job：We require three part—time shop assistants to work during the evening．No experience required．Applicants should be between 18 and 26 years old．Call 0115-765643 for more information．
3．Computer Trained Secretaries：Do you have experience working with computers？Would you like a full—time position working in an exciting new company？If you want to know more about US，call at 0457-896754．
4．Teaching Assistants Needed：Hania’s Playschool needs 2 young teaching assistants to help with classes from 9 a．m．to 3 p．m．．Applicants should have references．For more in formation please visit www．Haniaplayschool．co．uk．
5．Weekend Work Available：We are looking for retired adults who would like to work part—time on weekends for Rubberlast Group Ltd．Duties include answering the telephone and giving customers information．For more information call us at 0113—6741326．
6．University Positions Open：The University of Bristol is looking for 4 teaching assis-rants to help with homework correction．Applicants should have a degree in one of the following：Political Science，English，Economics or History．Please call the University of Bristol for more information．
7．Home Delivery Representative：We are looking for someone who has excellent customer care，communication skills，a sales background with at 1east one year’s experience and is a good team player with creative ideas．In return we offer a starting salary of￡20，000 and 25 days paid holiday per year．For more information，please call Direct Deliv-cry Team of Yorkshire Post at 0113—2388325 or 0113—2388318．
70．Which position is most suitable for a retired person？
A．Part—time shop assistant．
B．Teaching assistant in Hania’s Playschool．
C．Weekend work in Rubberlast Group Ltd．
D．Teaching assistant in the University of Bristo1．
71．If you have good computer skills and recently graduated from university（English
degree），which jobs can you apply for？
A．Jobs 1，2 and 7． B．Jobs 3，4 and 6．
C．Jobs 4，6 and 7． D．Jobs 2，3 and 5．
72．Which is the only position that has a formal educational requirement？
A．Full—time secretary at United Business Ltd．
B．Home delivery representative for Yorkshire Post．
C．Teaching assistant at Hania’s Playschoo1．
D．University positions at the University of Bristo1．
In formal paragraphs you will sometimes see a sentence at the end of the paragraph which summarizes the information that has been presented．This is the concluding sentence．The concluding sentence is similar to the topic sentence．They are both general sentences．The concluding sentence can be written in two ways：
1．State the topic sentence in different words．
2．Summarize the main points in the paragraph．
You can understand concluding sentences with this example．Consider a hamburger that you can buy at a fast—food restaurant．A hamburger has a top bun，meat，cheese，lettuce（生菜），and other elements in the middle of the hamburger，and a bottom bun．Note how the top bun and the bottom bun are very similar．The top bun，in a way，is like a topic sentence，and the bottom bun is like the concluding sentence．Both buns “hold” the meat，onions，and so on．Similarly，the topic sentence and concluding sentence “hold” the supporting sentences in the paragraph．Let’s see how a concluding sentence might look in our sample paragraph about Wheaton：
My hometown is famous for several amazing natural features．First，it is noted for the Wheaton River，which is very wide and beautiful．Also，on the other side of the town is Wheaton Hill，which is unusual because it is very steep．The third amazing feature is the Big Old Tree．This tree stands two hundred feet tall and is probably about six hundred years old．These three landmarks are truly amazing and make my hometown a famous place．
Notice how the concluding sentence，“these three landmarks are truly amazing and make my hometown a famous place”，summarizes the information in the paragraph．Notice also how the concluding sentence is similar to，but not exactly the same as，the topic sentence．
Usually，we begin a concluding sentence with “in conclusion’’ or “in summary”．Remember，not all paragraphs contain concluding sentences，especially if the paragraph is very short．However，if your paragraph is very long，it is a good idea to use a concluding sentence．
65．What does the author mainly intend to tell us in this passage？
A．How to write a concluding sentence．
B．What the top bun and the bottom bun are like．
C．Why his hometown is a famous place．
D．To use a concluding sentence in our writing．
66．Why does the author write about a hamburger？
A．Because he can buy a hamburger at a fast—food restaurant．
B．Because a hamburger has a top bun and a bottom bun．
C．Because the top bun and the bottom bun are very similar．
D．Because he wants to explain his main idea in another way．
67．The underlined word “noted” probably means“ ”
A．written down B．famous C．noticed D．recorded
68．Which of the following statements is TRUE about the passage？
A．A sentence at the end of a paragraph is the concluding sentence．
B．All paragraphs contain concluding sentence．
C．It is a good idea to use a concluding sentence in a long paragraph．
D．The concluding sentence is the same as the to pic sentence．
69．The underlined phrase “These three landmarks” here refers to．
A．the Wheaton River，Wheaton Hill and my hometown
B．natural features，the Wheaton River and the Wheaton Hill
C．the Wheaton River，Wheaton Hill and the Big Old Tree
D．my hometown，Wheaton Hill and the Big Old Tree
Jean Francis Grander was perhaps the most daring man who ever lived and perhaps the craziest．His greatest desire was to entertain and amaze people．He measured his success by the number of people who fainted dead away after witnessing his death-defying（极其惊险的）feats．
Grander，a blond Frenchman，toured North America in 1850，billing himself as “Blondin”．Blondin’s gift was excellent balance．This talent．coupled with a great desire to surprise and shock his audiences，made Blondin an incomparable performer．
His most famous feat was walking across Niagara Falls on a tightrope．Blondin’s “stage” consisted of a rope tied 1，100 feet across the falls．The rope hung some 160 feet above the rocks and boiling water below the falls．
Simply walking across the falls was not exciting enough for Blondin；he later had to ride across on a bicycle．Then，in another performance，he calmly walked across blindfolded（被蒙住的眼睛）．At still another time，he carried his terrified manager on his back and walked over the falls before thousands of breathless audience．
But Blondin was undoubtedly his own worst critic．He was never satisfied with hfs act and always tried to attract his audience with his balancing feat．One of his most daring walks was made in the darkness of night．Blondin became so famous on his tour through North America that his last performance was attended by an admiring Prince of Wales．
60．Why does the author think that Grander may be the craziest man in the world？
A．Because he enjoyed entertaining people by terrifying them．
B．Because many people died after seeing his feats．
C．Because his greatest desire was to entertain people．
D．Because he was an incomparable performer．
61．What does the underlined word “feat” in this passage mean？
A．excellent performance B．tour
C．famous event D．victory
6 2．What can we infer from the first sentence in the last paragraph？
A．Blondin was very content with his own performance．
B．Blondin was not very very good at criticism．
C．Blondin never thought that his performance was satisfy．
D．Blondin didn’t like criticism．
63．The author’S attitude towards“Blondin”is．
A．critical B．admiring C．negative D．depressed
64．Which of the following can NOT be drawn from the passage?
A．Blondin’s success had something to do with his character．
B．In order to be Successful，one should be a critic of himself．
C．Blondin conquered his audience simply by his talent．
D．People can get pleasure from a terrifying experience．