The way we cook is important. In many countries, the two sources of heat used for cooking are natural gas or electric stoves. The World Health Organization(WHO) warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution. The WHO finds that poor cooking, heating and lighting technologies are killing millions of people each year.
Indoor air pollution results from the use of dangerous fuels and cook stoves in the home. WHO officials say nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating and lighting. And they say more than seven million people die from exposure to indoor or outdoor air pollution each year. Of that number, the WHO says about 4.3 million people die from household air pollution given off by simple biomass(生物燃料）and coal stoves.
These findings show that the home use of poisonous fuels is to blame for many of these deaths. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste and so on. Carlos Dora is Coordinator in the WHO’ s Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health. He says people should not use unprocessed coal and kerosene(煤油）fuel indoors. He says opening a window or door to let out the harmful air will not correct the situation. It will only pollute the outdoors. “New technologies and clean fuels can rid people of this problem.”
The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of families in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatemala and Peru, are also at risk.
Nigel Bruce is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool. He says researchers are developing good stoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way.“There are already many technologies for clean fuels available now. An effective and reasonably low-cost ethanol(酒精）stove that is made by Dometic (a Sweden-based company)is now being tested out. Another interesting development is electric induction stoves.” In India, you can buy an induction stove for about $8. And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $1.
How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed?
| A．By making classifications. | B．By listing numbers. |
| C．By following time order. | D．By describing a process. |
According to Carlos Dora, what is the best solution to indoor air pollution?
| A．People should use an effective air cleaner. |
| B．People should use new technologies and clean fuels. |
| C．People should open a window or door to let out the harmful air. |
| D．People should prevent themselves from being exposed to harmful air.. |
What can we learn from the passage?
| A．Most of the deaths from indoor pollution are in developing countries. |
| B．Burning solid fuels can help limit indoor air pollution . |
| C．People can buy ethanol stoves made by Dometic in India. |
| D．There are already two technologies for clean fuels available for use. |
Which would be the best title for the passage?
| A．The way we cook is changing. |
| B．Cause of indoor air pollution. |
| C．The development of electric stoves. |
| D．Indoor air pollution kills millions each year. |
第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Aria Ricardo was a beautiful, slim young woman with dark hair, dark eyes, and dark skin. She used to work as a model and earn as much as $ 2,000 in one day in front of the camera. She modeled for top magazines in Paris, Rome, Tokyo, and throughout the United States.
Aria’s father, now retired because of a disability, was a police officer who really loved his work. Aria would rather follow in her father’s footsteps than pursue her modeling career. She remembered listening to her father tell stories when he came home after a day on the beat. The excitement, tensions and risks of police work appealed to her.
Aria got started in the modeling business quite by accident. She accompanied a friend to an interview at a modeling agency. Her friend wanted the job, while Aria didn’t. The people at the agency were impressed with Aria’s appearance and poise. They knew she’d be brilliant in front of the camera. So they sent her on her first modeling job—for Seventeen magazine—right away.
While she was successful as a model, Aria never gave up her dream of being a police officer. She passed the written exam for the New York Police Department. She planned to enter the Police Academy as quickly as possible. Her family and friends thought she was out of her mind even to consider such a thing. Police work was dangerous and the pay couldn’t compare to a top model’s income. But Aria knew what she wanted, and she went for it. She had never really intended to be a model anyway. Finally she hooked her fish.
56．Aria’s success as a model resulted from _______.
A．her desire to succeed in it B．her looks and shape
C．the help of her father D．the competition with her friend
57．Aria went into modeling because _______.
A．she wanted to earn more money
B．she wanted to accompany her friend
C．she was given an unexpected opportunity
D．she was very beautiful
58．Aria’s family would like her to _______.
A．remain a model B．do whatever she liked
C．find something challenging D． follow her father’s footsteps
59．Aria Ricardo probably is a ______ now.
A．photographer working for a magazine B．student of the Police Academy
C．top model of a world company D．woman police officer
“In only six days I lost seven pounds of weight.”
“Two full inches in the first three days!”
These are the kinds of statements used in magazine, newspaper, radio and television ads, promising new shapes and new looks to those who buy the medicine or the device. The promoters(推销员) of products say they can shape the legs, slim the face, smooth wrinkles, or in some other way to beauty or desirability.
Often such products are nothing more than money-making things for their promoter. The results they produce are questionable, and some are dangerous to health.
To understand how these products can be legally（合法地） promoted to the public, it is necessary to understand something of the laws covering their regulation. If the product is a drug, FDA（Food Drug Administration）can require proof (证明) under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act that it is safe and effective before it is put on the market. But if the product is a device, FDA has no authority(="right)" to require premarketing proof of safety or effectiveness. If a product already on the market is a danger to health, FDA can request the producer or distributor to remove it from the market voluntarily(主动地), or it can take legal action, including seizure (查封) of the product.
One notable case a few years ago involved an electrical device called the Relaxacisor, which had been sold for reducing the waistline. The Relaxacisor produced electrical shocks to the body through contact pads. FDA took legal action against the distributor to stop the sale of the device on the grounds that it was dangerous to health and life.
Obviously, most of the devices on the market have never been the subject of court proceedings (法律诉讼), and new devices appear continually. Before buying, it is up to the consumer(消费者) to judge the safety or effectiveness of such items.
71. It can be inferred that ads mentioned in the text are _________.
A. objective B. costly（昂贵的） C. unreliable D. illegal
72. Which of the following is true according to the text?
A. The court is in charge of removing dangerous product.
B. New products are more likely to be questionable.
C. The production of a device must be approved（批准） by FDA.
D. The promoters usually just care about profits.
73. FDA can ask for the proof of safety and effectiveness of a product _________.
A. if it is a drug B. if it is a device
C. if its consumers make complaints D. if its distributors challenge FDA’s authority
74. The Relaxacisor is mentioned as _________.
A. a product which was designed to produce electricity
B. a product whose distributor was involved in a legal case
C. a successful advertisement of a beauty product
D. an example of a quality beauty product
75. The author intends to _________.
A. make consumers aware of（意识到） the promoters’ false promises
B. show the weakness of the law on product safety
C. give advice on how to keep young and beautiful
D. introduce the organization of FDA
There are many international organizations which work to save and protect endangered species(物种)and natural environment．If you would like more information about any of the organizations listed below, you can write to the addresses given．
| Friends of the Earth(FOE)campaigns on a range of problems including rainforests，the countryside，water and air pollution and energy· Friends of the Earth International Secretariat P．O．Box 19199 1000 G．D． Amsterdam The Netherlands |
Greenpeace uses peaceful but direct action to defend the environment. It campaigns to protect rainforests and sea animals，stop global warming and end pollution of air，land and seas．It also opposes nuclear(核)power． Greenpeace International Keizergracht 176 1016 DW Amsterdam The Netherlands |
| BirdLife International is an organization which works to save endangered birds all over the world． BirdLife International Wellbrook Court Girton Road Cambridge CB3 ONA England |
WWF-World Wide Fund For Nature is the world's largest private international organization for the protection of nature and endangered species． Information Officer WWF International Avenue du Mont-Blanc 1196 Gland Switzerland |
66．If you want to learn more about the organizations，you can．
A．call them B．write them a letter C．visit them D．send them an e-mail
67．BirdLife International is an organization trying to．
A．reduce pollution B．defend rainforests
C．protect ocean animals D．save endangered birds
68．If you oppose nuclear power，you can join．
A．Friends of the Earth B．World Wide Fund For Nature
C．Greenpeace D．BirdLife International
69．What can we learn about WWF?
A．It helps to protect nature and save endangered animals．
B．It is the world’s largest international organization．
C．It works for private companies and rich people．
D．It is a private organization in the United States．
70．Which is the best title for the passage?
A．Environmental Protection Organizations B．Global Traffic Problems
C．Endangered Animals D．Natural Beauty
How I Turned to Be Optimistic
I began to grow up that winter night when my parents and I were returning from my aunt＇s house, and my mother said that we might soon be leaving for America. We were on the bus then. I was crying, and some people on the bus were turning around to look at me. I remember that I could not bear the thought of never hearing again the radio program for school children to which I listened every morning.
I do not remember myself crying for this reason again. In fact, I think I cried very little when I was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives. When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see—the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures. The country I was leaving never to come back was hardly in my head then.
The four years that followed taught me the importance of optimism, but the idea did not come to me at once. For the first two years in New York I was really lost—having to study in three schools as a result of family moves. I did not quite know what I was or what I should be. Mother remarried, and things became even more complex for me. Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other. I was often sad, and saw no end to “the hard times.”
My responsibilities in the family increased a lot since I knew English better than everyone else at home. I wrote letters, filled out forms, translated at interviews with Immigration officers, took my grandparents to the doctor and translated there, and even discussed telephone bills with company representatives.
From my experiences I have learned one important rule: Almost all common troubles eventually go away! Something good is certain to happen in the end when you do not give up, and just wait a little! I believe that my life will turn out all right, even though it will not be that easy.
61. How did the author get to know America?
A. From her relativesB. From her mother
C. From books and pictures D. From radio programs
62. Upon leaving for America the author felt .
A. confused B. excited
C. worried D. amazed
63. For the first two years in New York, the author .
A. often lost her way B. did not think about her future
C. studied in three different schools D. got on well with her stepfather
64. What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 4?
A. She worked as a translator
B. She attended a lot of job interviews
C. She paid telephone bills for her family
D. She helped her family with her English
65. The author believes that .
A. her future will be free from troubles
B. it is difficult to learn to become patient
C. there are more good things than bad things
D. good things will happen if one keeps trying
第三部分阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I suddenly heard an elephant crying as though frightened．Looking down，I immediately recognized that something was wrong，and ran down to the edge of the near bank．There I saw Ma Shwe with her three-month-old calf(young elephant)struggling in the fast-rising water，and it was a life-and-death struggle．Her calf was floating and screaming with fear．Ma Shwe was as near to the far bank as she could get，holding her whole body against the rushing water，and keeping the calf pressed against her huge body．Every now and then the rushing water would sweep the calf away.
There was a sudden rise in the water and the calf was washed clean over the mother’s body and was gone ．Ma Shwe turned quickly to reach it and pressed the calf with her head and trunk(象鼻)against the rocky bank．Then with a huge effort，she picked it up in her trunk and tried until she was able to place it on a narrow shelf of rock．
Just at this moment．she fell back into the river．If she were carried down, it would be certain death．I knew，as well as she did，that there was one spot where she could get up the bank，but it was on the other side from where she had put her calf．While I was wondering what I could do next，I heard the sound of a mother’s love．Ma Shwe had crossed the river and got up the bank and was making her way back as fast as she could，roaring(吼叫)all the time，but to her calf it was music.
56．The moment the author got down to the river bank he saw．
A．the calf was about to fall into the river
B．Ma Shwe was placing the calf on the rock
C．the calf was washed away by the rising water
D．Ma Shwe was holding the calf against the rushing water
57．How did Ma Shwe manage to save her calf from the fast-flowing water?
A．By pressing it against her body．
B．By putting it on a safe spot．
C．By taking it away with her．
D．By carrying it on her back．
58．How did the calf feel about the mother elephant's roaring?
A．It was a great comfort. B．It was a sign of danger．
C．It was a call for help． D．It was a musical note．
59．What does the underlined sentence mean?
A．The mother took the calf away on its body．
B．The mother cleaned the calf with its back．
C．The calf was carried away by the water．
D．The calf was washed clean in the water．
60．What could be the best title for the text?
A．A Brave Act B．A Mother's Love
C．A Deadly River D．A Matter of Life and Death