What should you take in with you when you take an exam? Pen, pencil, eraser, ruler…, and don’t forget a bottle of water!
According to a study at the British Psychological ( 心理学的) Society Annual Conference held in London, students who bring water into exams may improve their grades by up to 10 percent.
Scientists at the University of East London and the University of Westminster, UK, did a study on 447 students. The students were studying for different degrees (学历) at the University of East London. Only 25 percent of them entered the exam hall with something to drink.
Scientists then compared their exam results with their normal schoolwork grades. They found that all those who had brought drinks with them got better grades by between 2 and 10 percent.
It is unclear why drinking water improves exam results. But scientists say having enough water in our bodies and not feeling thirsty could have a helpful effect on our brains. Drinking water may also cut down on anxiety ( 焦虑), which has a bad effect on exam performances, according to Chris Pawson, PhD, of the University of East London.
“Whatever the explanation, it is clear that students should try hard to stay hydrated (含水的)with water during exams,” he said.
So next time, when you are going to have a big exam, try bringing a bottle of water with you.Who knows – it may help you pass the exam!How much may the students improve their grades most if they bring water into exams?
| A．By 2%. | B．By 8%. | C．By 10%. | D．By 25%. |
How many students in the study got better grades?
| A．About 112 students who brought drinks or water into their exams. |
| B．All the 447 students who come from the University of East London. |
| C．About 300 students who took part in the study. |
| D．About 10 percent of the students who studied different subjects. |
The underlined phrase “cut down on” probably means _______.
| A．increase | B．bring | C．reduce | D．change |
According to the passage, how does water help students in exams?
a. It is good for their brains.
b. It makes students smarter.
c. It helps students stay cool.
d. It helps students stay awake.
| A．a b | B．a c | C．b c | D．c d |
Would you like to improve yourself？ Would you like to be a better person？ Good news! Here we've got some tips for you．
Tip 1Be Kind
Remember to be kind to yourself． You can do simple things to take care of yourself， like getting enough sleep to make yourself energetic． If you don't do like that， you will not bring anything good to anyone else． When you decide to show more kindness to yourself and to others， life changes quickly in a better way．
Tip 2Be Encouraging
It's amazing what a kind word or touch can do． When I was a kid， I went to a lot of schools． It always made me scared， and I was very nervous and unsure of myself． One time， a teacher touched my head and said， smiling， "Don't worry﹣you'll have a good time with us in this classroom．" I still remember my teacher's words．
All of us may come across some trouble in our life， and a bit of encouragement can be remembered for years．
Tip 3
When my sister and I were kids， my mum didn't have a car and our school was a 30﹣minute walk． Our neighbor offered to drive us to school when she dropped her son off， and that saved my mother a lot of time． Giving help to others can bring you happiness．
When thinking about how to become a better person， remember that small changes are also important． But "be kind to yourself" comes first． As the old saying goes， "You can't pour from an empty cup．" So in order to be a person who can give more love to this world， you have to fall in love with yourself first．
（1）The underlined word "It" in Tip 2refers to （指代） ．
A．going to a lot of schools
B．getting along with classmates
C．talking with the teacher
D．staying in the classroom
（2）What can be the best title for Tip 3？
A．Be Helpful
B．Be Polite
C．Be Outgoing
D．Be Honest
（3）The sentence "You can't pour from an empty cup．" in the last paragraph means " ．"
A．To encourage others， smile to them often
B．To become a better person， start with small changes
C．To give more love to the world， be kind to yourself first
D．To make friends with neighbors， drive their kids to school
When we think of friends， we usually think of those who have been in our life for a long time． （1） ， there is another type of friend﹣one that has not been with us for a long period of time． but （2） our mind at some moment．
The first such friend I remember is the little girl with red curly hair． She was in the bed next to（3） when I received an operation on my nose． She was about two years older， more（4） and braver． She would jump out of bed whenever the nurse was gone． Her two little feet on the cold floor（5） me． Without her， I would have been alone and afraid．
Two years later， I was sent to a nursery school（6） my parents were far too busy． There， I met a foreign girl． We both were the oldest in that school； the others were babies who were not able to talk with us． Our（7） started with so﹣called（所谓的） competitions． Although we couldn't speak to each other in the same language， our（8） was made by trying to beat（击败） each other﹣at drawing， at game， even at eating． Our competitions， I think， gave me（9） I could control． And maybe I gave her the same． We got through a difficult time together．
Such friends often support us when our life is off balance． A word， a smile， even a similar scene can bring back memories about them．（10） ， the warmth rises in our heart when we think of them． And silently， we thank them and wish them well．
|
（1）A． In the end |
B． In general |
C．In fact |
D．In all |
|
（2）A．closes |
B．clears |
C．trains |
D．fills |
|
（3）A．his |
B．hers |
C．mine |
D．yours |
|
（4）A．active |
B．modest |
C．creative |
D．careful |
|
（5）A．reminded |
B．satisfied |
C．protected |
D．impressed |
|
（6）A．unless |
B．till |
C．although |
D．because |
|
（7）A．wisdom |
B．friendship |
C．dream |
D．energy |
|
（8）A．invitation |
B．communication |
C．suggestion |
D．decision |
|
（9）A．something |
B．anything |
C．everything |
D．nothing |
|
（10）A．Luckily |
B．Naturally |
C．Surprisingly |
D．Hopefully |
"Growing up， Einstein saw his father struggle to support the family and move the family for different jobs， Einstein had to move between schools and it was challenging for him to catch up with his new class．"
This story about the struggles（奋斗）of famous scientists can't be found in your regular science textbook， but a new study suggested maybe it should be．
In the study， 402 9th﹣ and 10th﹣grade students from four New York City high schools in low﹣income areas were divided into three groups． The students read some 800﹣word stories about Albert Einstein and Marie Curie． The control group read a regular science textbook description about their great achievements． Another group read about the scientists' personal struggles， like Einstein's running away from Nazi Germany． The third group read about the scientists' intellectual struggles， as they tried different experiments﹣﹣﹣ and failed．
As it turned out，the students who had read about scientists' struggles， whether personal or intellectual， had higher grades than students who had read about achievements． Those who weren't getting good grades to begin with gained the most． Those in the control group not only didn't see a grade increase， they had lower grades than the grading before the study began．
"We think that struggle stories showed scientists' weaknesses．" the researchers write， "which creates a sense of connection between the students and scientists． And that may make it easier for students to see them as role models．"
"When kids think Einstein is a talent who is untouchable， then they believe they will never get there， "said lead researcher Xiaodong Lin﹣Siegler， PhD．
If we want to educate a future generation of great scientists， we can start by changing the way we talk about the great scientists of the past． An 800﹣word story about scientists' failures， not just their achievements， in science textbooks will make it happen．
（1）What does the article mainly talk about？
A． Learning about struggles of scientists may help students succeed in science．
B． Reading stories of scientists' achievements will help educate future scientists．
C． Science textbooks should describe scientists' failures instead of their achievements．
D． Stories of scientists' struggles may make students see scientists as being untouchable．
（2）From Paragraph 4， we can know that ．
A． those good at science achieved most from this exercise
B． the control group had lower grades than the other two groups
C． the students' grades in the control group remained the same
D． the students in the third group had the highest grades
（3）What's the main idea for Paragraphs 5 and 6？
A． Findings of the study．
B． Explanations from the researchers．
C． Process of the study．
D． Suggestions from the researchers．
（4）In the study， which of the following would the third group probably read？
A． Einstein won many awards in his life， including the 1921 Nobel Prize in physics．
B．Going to college was hard for Curie because at that time women were not allowed to attend school． So， Curie had to study at secret classes．
C．By the time she reached college， Curie was able to understand five languages that top scientists spoke at that time．
D．Often working hour after hour and day after day，Curie devoted herself to solving challenging problems and learning from her mistakes．
This spring， the town of Oso saw twice the usual rainfall． When the sun finally shone， LoAnna and Kris's three older kids ran outside． Inside， LoAnna nursed their four﹣month﹣old Kristian． Suddenly LoAnna heard a loud noise． She rushed outside in time to see a half﹣mile﹣wide mud and sand thundering down the hill toward them， knocking over hundreds of trees．Mudslide（泥流）!
LoAnna gathered everyone into the bedroom farthest from the falling hillside and waited．
Kris got a call from LoAnna． He hurriedly drove home．
Highway 530 was covered with thick sand， fallen trees． Kris had to run home．
The mud came up to his knees． Suddenly he heard a woman screaming for help． He pulled through mud， over pieces of houses to the source of the cries．
At first， he saw an arm reaching up through the debris． There， a woman， buried under pieces of walls，furniture，and trees， was holding a baby． Finally， he freed the baby． By this time， other citizens had come．
After saving the woman， Kris moved on． He was still a mile from home． Ahead lay two fallen houses． He heard a moan． Stepping toward the house， Kris nearly killed himself in the mud． An older man was trapped in house debris． He was twice Kris's weight． He'd have to wait for more help．
Just then， Kris heard another man moaning from the second house． Kris pulled away some pieces of the house， but the man was buried too deeply for him．
Hearing helicopter（直升飞机） on the roof， Kris climbed up， met a member of the search﹣and﹣rescue team and led him to the first man． Then he headed back and kept digging until he could turn the second man over． After the rest of the team arrived， Kris moved on to find his family．
Kris finally reached home． It was flooded， but the mud had stopped just shy of the house． His truck was gone， as were LoAnna and the others． He checked cars and houses nearby for survivors， then ran to the command center．
Not long after he arrived， he saw his truck coming down the road． LoAnna jumped out．
Kris was praised by the Red Cross for his heroics．
（1）The purpose of the first two paragraphs is to ．
A． create an unusual setting of the story
B． introduce the central idea of the story
C． describe a turning point of the story
D． review the main character of the story
（2）Which of the following is the correct order of the story ？
a． Kris found a man buried too deeply for him．
b． Kris heard a woman screaming for help．
c． Kris led a rescue member to save the older man．
d． Kris found LoAnna， kids and his truck gone．
e． Kris was nearly killed in the mud．
A． beacd
B． badec
C． aecbd
D． aedbc
（3）Which of the following sentences is TRUE ？
A． Kris saved three persons in all．
B． Kris saved the baby by himself．
C． Kris pulled the first man out of mud．
D． Kris found some survivors near his house．
（4）Which sentence best shows the central theme in the text ？
A． Kris got a call from LoAnna．
B． He was still a mile from home．
C． He saw his truck coming down the road．
D． Kris was praised by the Red Cross for his heroics．
I saved the grain carefully and finally had enough to plant． I built a wall around my garden to keep the wild goats away．
Then when my crop bore its fruit， the birds discovered it． The birds were not afraid of my dog at all． I shot them but as soon as I walked away， they returned． At last， I killed some birds and hung them among the crop， hoping they would serve as the scarecrows， which turned out to be successful． By harvest time， I had nearly two bushels of rice and two and a half bushels of wheat．
With my new grain to store， I found a new problem． The fine grain ran through my baskets． It took me nearly two months to form and dry two ugly pots﹣ one for rice and one for wheat．
Next I formed a clay oven and made some other tools from hard wood and cloth to bake bread． I made and baked bread in my oven． I spent the third year on the island in farming and baking．
Soon after that，I began to think of my days sailing in a tidy boat with Xury． I wished to have a boat and explore the island by sea．
I tried to turn over the ship's boat that I had seen washed up， but failed． I was still determined to have a boat． So I chose a strong tree and spent weeks cutting it down． Then it took me months to turn it from tree to boat．
When it was time to launch， I realized I had made my boat too far from the nearest stream． The boat was far too heavy for me to move． I tried bringing the water to the boat instead of the boat to the water． I soon saw it would take me twenty years of constant labor．
I celebrated my fourth year on the island with two boats， but I was no closer to a sea journey．
﹣﹣﹣﹣Taken from The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe
（1）Paragraph 2 mainly tells us ．
A． how much rice and wheat I harvested
B． how many tools I made to bake bread
C． how I protected my crop from the birds
D． how I kept the wild goats away from my crop
（2）What does "a new problem" in Paragraph 3 refer to？
A． How to plant grain．
B． How to make pots．
C． How to store grain．
D． How to fix the baskets．
（3）By the last sentence "I was no closer to a sea journey"， the writer means ．
A． I was getting closer and closer to the sea
B． I was getting farther and farther from the sea
C． it was possible for me to have a sea journey in my boats
D． it was still impossible for me to explore the island by sea
（4）What can we infer（推断） from the passage ？
A． I managed to turn over the ship's boat．
B． I spent months bringing the boat to the nearest stream．
C． I tried to solve the problems with my courage and wisdom．
D． I spent the third year on the island in farming and baking．