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Cloud seeding is a method of artificially causing clouds to produce precipitation （降水） in the form of rain or snow．Cloud seeding has also been used in attempts to modify the severity of hail storms and hurricanes．The effectiveness of cloud seeding remains controversial （有争议的）．but it continues to be used in some regions to try to increase rainfall for agriculture and to build snow packs for water supplies and power production．
Cloud seeding was developed by American scientists Irving Langmuir and Vincent Joseph Schaefer during and after World War II．Their work began as an effort to learn more about the buildup of ice on airplane wings, and eventually led them to attempt to create rainfall by releasing several pounds of crushed frozen carbon dioxide into a cloud from an airplane．In this form, the carbon dioxide is called dry ice．On November 13, 1946, the technique appeared to produce snow directly under the cloud; the snow then turned to rain as it fell to the ground．
For their experiment, Langmuir and Schaefer selected a supercooled cloud, one in which the water droplets remain liquid in subfreezing temperatures．Their theory was that small grains of dry ice falling through the cloud would cause tiny droplets of water vapor in the cloud to freeze into crystals that attracted more water vapor．Their theory proved to be correct and eventually the crystals became heavy enough to fall from the cloud as snow．As the snow reached the warmer temperatures closer to the ground, it melted and became rain．
Another scientist, Bernard Vonnegut, produced a method of cloud seeding using silver iodide （碘化银）．He used particles of silver iodide because its crystal structure resembled that of ice in clouds．Silver
iodide also had practical advantages over frozen carbon dioxide It could be stored at room temperature
and did not require an airplane as a delivery mechanism．Instead, silver iodide crystals could be fired by
cannons （大炮） high into the air, where wind carried them into the clouds．
According to the text, Langmuir and Schaefer had intended to deal with__
A．how to freeze carbon dioxide
B．how to remove ice on plane wings
C．how to make weather forecast for the war
D how to hide planes in clouds at war
What is the CORRECT order of the course for cloud seeding with dry ice?
a．snow becoming rain in wanner temperatures b．crystals attracting more water vapor
c．crystals falling in the form of snow d．crystals becoming very heavy
e．freezing tiny droplets of water vapor into crystals
f．putting small grains of dry ice in the cloud

A．a-c-f-d-b-e	B．b-f-e-a-c-d
C．f-e-b-d-c-a	D．e-a-d-c-b-f

Bernard chose silver iodide as a method of cloud seeding because___．

A．it is much cheaper than dry ice	B．it can be stored at any rooms
C．it can be sent into clouds by wind	D．it is similar

The best title for the passage may be "____"．

A．Cloud Seeding

B．Artificial Raining

C．Weather Changing

D．Cloud Gathering

How many methods of cloud seeding are mentioned in the passage?

A．three

B．two

C．one

D．four

A study suggests that although most students at UK universities are happy with their courses, dissatisfaction has grown as fees rise．The study highlights a big variation in teaching time, and lists different ideas about the value of getting university degrees．
Katharine Collins, a second-year college student
The course has been very interesting, but I was expecting a little more one-to-one time with my teacher．
We do about four assignments （作业） each term, each of which is about 3,000 words．However, sometimes they are not that helpful．We hope to be given the right to write feedback （反馈） after every assignment, but we had no feedback at all throughout the first year．We are given grades about three weeks after we hand the assignments in．There is no feedback on where we have gone wrong or how we might improve．
Lee Millington, a creative-writing student
I choose the courses because of its reputation．There is a lack of one-to-one teaching．I would like personalized feedback from an expert in my field of writing．Some of the lectures have been quite helpful but they try to use too many different styles of writing．For example, if you want to be a poet, you might find that the lectures focus too much on novels．
I think there is too much attention paid to sharing our work in workshops and giving each other feedback．I think there should be more time given to actual teaching, rather than to feedback from people who are at a similar level to me．
Reporters from Hounsdown Secondary School, Ella, 16
When I work independently, I feel I have more freedom to develop my ideas and come up with more original viewpoints．The price of university will still be worth it to get the qualifications （资格证书）necessary for better jobs．
Tyier, 16
Although the cost of university is very high now, I think university is required for gaining a good and well-paid job．
Agencies
We can learn from the beginning of the article that .

A．Most of the university students at UK are dissatisfied with their courses.

B．The higher and higher pay for their courses accounts for the rise of the UK students’ dissatisfaction.

C．All the students at UK universities hold a similar attitude towards the value of getting university degrees.

D．The student’s purpose is to highlight the importance of gaining a university diploma.

According to Katharine Collins in Paragraph 2, we can infer that .

A．She is content with the assignments given in each term.

B．She has never been given one-to-one time with her teacher before.

C．She didn’t think highly of the value of the assignments at the university.

D．She benefits from the assignments a lot because they are helpful.

Why does Lee Millington choose the course-- writing?

A．Because he wants to be a great writer in the future.

B．Because he is interested in it from his heart.

C．Because he hope to make a better living before long．

D．Because the course has a high reputation in society．

Who will most tend to be a professional novelist among the students mentioned in the passage?

A．Ella．

B．Tyler．

C．Lee．

D．Katharine．

What does the author mainly tell us at UK in this passage?

A．The value for university degrees．

B．The higher pay for courses at university．

C．The terrible assignments at university．

D．The puzzle of the students at university．

While going to the office, I found an old man lying by the side of the bus stop．He seemed very sick and poor．Instinctively．I gave him some money．After a few minutes, I realized that he was probably too sick to get up and buy something with that money．I was thinking about how to help him when my bus arrived, halting my brainstorm．I quickly got on and rode off．
However, that night I couldn't sleep．I felt very angry at my own heartless and selfish behavior．How could I just walk away from that man without a thought for his suffering? I felt restless and very upset． The next morning, while waiting at the bus stop, I hoped to run into him again．But he wasn't there．I thought he may have gone to the sidewalk to sleep for the night．I looked around for him, but he had disappeared．Disappointed, I decided to check for him again on my way back．
While returning from work that day, I came back to the bus stop and resumed my search for him． Thankfully, he was there．I quickly went to a nearby store and got him a blanket, some bread, and biscuits． When I handed them to him, he seemed very grateful．"Now I will be safe from the cold," he smiled． I also gave him some more money and told him to keep it safely．After being able to help him, I felt very at peace．
What does the underlined word "Instinctively" in Paragraph 1 mean?

A．Immediately．	B．Constantly．
C．Naturally．	D．Generally．

Why did the author feel restless and upset that night?

A．He was regretful that didn't give the old man any money．

B．He was exhausted while he was working at his office．

C．He felt guilty in his mind for not helping the old man out

D．He suffered being restless and upset at night for a long period．

According to the story, which of the statements below is NOT true?

A．The author left the old man in a hurry as he didn't want to be late for work．

B．The next morning the author did meet the old man and give him a warm hand．

C．The old man was pleased with the author's offer because he wouldn't be exposed to the cold at night

D．The author eventually achieved his resolution to help the old man out．

What can we possibly conclude from the moving story?

A．The fragrance always stays in the hand that gives the rose．

B．If at first you don't succeed, try, try again．

C．God helps those who help themselves．

D．Don’t put off until tomorrow what you can do today．

What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Giving money to strangers is rather happy．

B．How can you help a stranger?

C．Don't be sony failing in helping others．

D．A moving story happening at a bus stop．

Donna is 19 years old and loves animals, which is why I’m always happy to leave my dog with her when I go on holiday. Donna also helps to train hunting dogs, but recently, her boyfriend told me, she returned home from a farm in tears after being told to hit some dogs.
“She wasn’t being asked to hit them because they didn’t behave well,” he said. “She was told to punch these puppies with a closed fist simply to let them know who is the boss,” Donna refused. Good for Donna. In my view, you hit an animal for only two reasons: as a way to teach it an important lesson to protect it from danger, such as not into the road; or because you like hurting animals.
Last summer, I attended a horse race. I don’t know much about horses, but I was alarmed when I saw a horse with a huge ulcer (溃疡) on its legs. “Surely this horse won’t race?” I asked. I was very surprised that nobody in the crowd seemed concerned.
The horse began the race, but later it fell heavily. It had broken its leg. The next thing I saw was its dead body in a bag, being driven past. No one seemed to care, except those who had bet on it. I know people care for horse racing, but do they really care for horses? I doubt it.
Oh, but it’s a tradition, I hear you say. Wouldn’t the world be a boring place if we didn’t occasionally hit, shoot and chase animals? Traditions are made by man and can be unmade. It was once acceptable to kill servants when their master died, to visit the mental hospitals to laugh at the patients or to watch public execution (执行死刑).
Nor should it be forgotten that in our progress to a more civilized world, animals have played an important role: they have fed us, carried us, worked for us, rescued us, died for us and sometimes just saved us from loneliness. Surely by now they deserve our kindness. At the very least, they deserve our respect.
Donna was asked to hit the young dogs because ________.

A．they misbehaved

B．their owner disliked them

C．people on the farm enjoy hurting them

D．it was a way to train them to obey people

What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．strike

B．stroke

C．scold

D．pump

What is the author’s purpose in telling the readers the story about the horse?

A．To explain the traditional horse race to readers.

B．To prove that the weak horse can’t win in the race.

C．To show that animals are treated unfairly by humans.

D．To say that people care more for horses than horse racing.

Which of the following is NOT true?

A．People no longer watch killing criminals in public.

B．The author cannot accept anyone who hits the animals.

C．It was a traditional practice to kill servants for their dead master.

D．The author thinks it is possible to change the traditions made by man.

What’s the best title of the passage?

A．No One Cares for Animals Nowadays.

B．Let’s Protect the Endangered Animals.

C．Show Animals the Respect They Deserve.

D．The Stories Between Animals and People.

Governments all over the world make public reports about the condition of their economies. Most countries, including the United States, have used a measure called the gross national product (国民生产总值)or GNP. It includes all goods and services produced by citizens of the country anywhere in the world.
Recently the American Commerce Department has started using a new method to measure production. It is known as the gross domestic product（国内生产总值）or GDP. It counts only goods and services that have been produced within the nation’s borders. Money earned by foreign companies operating in the United States is included in the GDP, but money earned by American companies operating in other countries is not.
Economic experts generally approve of the change. They say that the gross domestic product provides a truer measure of the economy. They also note that most other industrial countries use this method. Therefore it will be easier to study the economies of different countries. Some officials also hope the new system will help them make better economic policy decisions. It will provide them with a clearer understanding of economic activity in the U.S. . The new measure is less likely to be affected by sudden changes in foreign oil prices or in the value of the American dollar in other countries.
Economic experts believe that the change from GNP to GDP will immediately reduce the value of American production by at least 40,000 million dollars a year. But that is really a very small change in the American economy – less than 1% . The Commerce Department reports the unofficial gross domestic product once every three months. The government also continues to report GNP as it has four times a year since 1941.
To report the American GNP, the government should not consider goods and services produced _______.

A．by American companies at home

B．by American companies in China

C．by American companies in Singapore

D．by Japanese companies in the United States

To report the American GDP, the Commerce Department should count money earned ________.

A．by both American and foreign companies in America

B．by American companies within its own borders

C．by foreign companies in the United States

D．by American companies in its foreign markets

GDP is considered better than GNP by some economists because ________.

A．it is something new

B．it is used by most countries

C．it is easier to calculate

D．it is less likely to be affected by the foreign market

What will happen to the value of American economy if GDP is used to replace GNP?

A．It will be seriously affected.	B．It will not be affected.
C．It will come down a little.	D．It will slightly go up.

How often are the reports of GDP issued by the American Commerce Department?

A．once every four months	B．once every three months
C．once every six months	D．once a year

A．Bark	B．Dog Fancy
C．Dog World	D．Modern Dog

A．wonderful articles	B．fashionable cover
C．low price	D．good paper quality