I love seeing Europeans line up in airports to applaud arriving refugees. But humanitarianism (人道主义) will not guide policy for long. We liberals need to argue from Europe’s self-interest: our continent has the need, the space and the ability to accept people.
Many European countries are gradually turning into old people’s homes. Germany, Italy, Spain and others have some of the lowest birth rates in human history. It is predicted that about one-third of their populations will be aged over 65 in 2050. Germany needs to import at least 350,000 people a year to keep its workforce stable. Suddenly, young ambitious workers are pouring into the country as if called by a genie (精灵) with a lamp. No wonder Angela Merkel, German Chancellor, has been more welcoming than David Cameron, British Prime Minister. But all over Europe, carers for old people are already in need. Norway found oil under the seabed but it would have been better off if it had discovered 50,000 nurses there instead.
Many rightwingers think we have reached our limits. This feeling is widespread. And it’s true that Western Europe is one of the most densely populated regions on earth. Indeed, density has long been Europe’s unique selling point: with so many people of different nations closely packed together, we have always traded goods and exchanged ideas fast. That’s why the scientific revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries happened here.
But we have plenty more room. Many European cities aren’t dense enough. Now east Germany, north-western Spain and gorgeous mountain villages in Italy are losing people. Lots of cities have unused industrial land.
Humans inhabit a slice of the EU’s territory. Only about 2.5 per cent of the EU’s land is used for housing, estimates the European Commission. By contrast, a whopping 43 per cent was used for agriculture in 2009, it says. That’s too much. We could turn more land into forest or into green landscapes where people can relax and play. Making that transition is feasible because we now use agricultural land inefficiently.
Migrants often spend years locked up together in serious government-funded “migrant centers”. However, the way to learn a new country’s language, make friends and find work is to live with a local. This crisis has shown that lots of Europeans are willing to take refugees into their homes. After Iceland’s government said it could take only 50 Syrian refugees, many Icelanders came forward offering to take a far greater number into their own homes. People aren’t just sitting around waiting for government to do something.
We need migrants, and we can accommodate them. If opponents just don’t like foreigners, they should say so instead of pretending to be hardheaded pragmatists (实用主义者).Why is Angela Merkel willing to take in refugees according to the passage?
| A．Germany has already stepped into aged society. |
| B．Birth rates in Germany are the lowest in history. |
| C．She is kind and shows sympathy for homeless people. |
| D．Refugees can make up the shortage of labor in Germany. |
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
| A．No other region is more densely populated than Western Europe. |
| B．Density has become Europe’s most outstanding characteristic. |
| C．All European cities are not crowded together in great numbers. |
| D．Large quantities of unused industrial land will turn into forest. |
It can be inferred that _______.
| A．nurses are more badly needed than petrol in Europe |
| B．liberals always do something for the Europe’s benefit |
| C．aging problem in Germany is the worst in Europe |
| D．Europeans have already made intelligent use of the land |
What is the last paragraph but one mainly about?
| A．Migrants can privately be accommodated. |
| B．Migrants had better not live in migrant centers. |
| C．Everyone can live with migrants to help them fit in. |
| D．Everyone has done their own part to help migrants. |
In the United States, teaching is very important. If teachers do not teach well, students complain. If many students do not understand, people think that the teacher does not do a good job. The teacher has big responsibility to make sure students understand. In a sense, students are consumers and the teacher is offering services.
Students have the right to evaluate their teachers, and they usually do so at the end of each course. That evaluation includes lots of aspects of teaching, such as explanation, preparation, using good examples, answering questions, and organization of classes.
Students are supposed to read required textbooks and recommended books before classes. Without reading them, they will find it very difficult to understand the class. Basic courses on doing research and writing papers are taught at the beginning of the program. They teach things very concretely(具体地) and clearly. Students are expected to apply what they have learned to their studies.
Classes are usually divided into lectures and seminars. There are some lecture classes, where the teacher just gives a lecture, and students ask questions at the end. Most graduate level classes are lectures and discussions. Participating in discussions is very important. Higher level classes involve very little lecturing. They emphasize discussion and presentation by the students.
1According to the passage, good teachers should ___________.
A．try to please their students
B．treat their students as consumers
C．understand their students well
D．made sure their students understand
2What are students expected to do before attending a class?
A．Go over the lessons thoroughly.
B．Understand the textbooks well.
C．Do the reading assignments.
D．Prepare on outline for discussion.
3When a program starts, students should first __________.
A．learn how to do research and write papers.
B．have some learning experience
C．learn about the course concretely and clearly
D．know how to participate in discussions.
4Higher level classes are taught mainly through ________
A．giving a lot of lectures to students
B．involving students in discussions
C．asking students questions in class
D．answering students’ questions in class
During the summer holidays there will be a revised（修改过的）schedule（时刻表）of services for the students . Changes for dining-room and library service hours and for bus schedules will be posted on the wall outside of the dining hall . Weekly film and concert schedules which are being arranged will be posted each Wednesday outside of the student club .
In the summer holidays , buses going to the town center will leave the main hall every hour on the half hour during the day . The dining room will serve three meals a day from 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. during the week and two meals from noon to 7:00 p.m. on weekends the library will continue its usual hours during the week but have shorter hours on Saturday and Sundays . The weekend hours are from noon to 5:00 p.m.
All students who want to use the library borrowing services must have a new summer card . This announcement will also appear in the next week’s student newspaper .
1 The main purpose of this announcement is to .
A. tell students of important schedule changes .
B. tell students of new bus and library services .
C. show the excellent services for students .
D. ask students to renew their library cards .
2 At which of the following times will the bus leave the main hall ?
A. 8:00 , 9:00 , 10:00, 11:00 B. 8:30 , 9:30 , 10:30 , 11:30
C. 8:30 , 9:00 , 9:30 , 10:00 D. 8:00 , 9:30 , 11:00 , 12:30
3 Times for films and concerts are not listed in this announcement
because .
A. they are not to be announced B. they are hard to arrange
C. the full list is not ready D. the full list is too long
4 In the summer holidays , the library will have .
A. no special hours B. special hours on weekdays
C. special hours on weekendsD. special hours both on weekdays and weekends
People who speak or perform before the public sometimes may suffer from “Stage Fright. ” Stage fright makes a person nervous. In the worst case(情况) it can make one's mind go back and forget what one ought to say, or to act. Actors, musicians, dancers, lawyers, even radio show hosts(节目主持人) have suffered from stage fright at one time or another.
Diana Nichols is an expert in helping people free from stage fright at a medical centre in New York City. She helps actors learn to control themselves. Miss Nichols says some people have always been afraid to perform before the audience. Others, she says, develop stage fright after a fearful experience.
She offers them ways to control the fear. One way is to smile before going onto the stage. Taking two deep breaths also helps. Deep breathing helps you get control of your body.
Miss Nichols persuades her patients to tell themselves that their speech or performance does not have to the perfect. It's all right to make a mistake. She tells them they should not be too cautions(谨慎的) while they are performing. It is important that they should continue to perform while she is helping them. After each performance, they discuss what happened and find out what advice helped and what did not. As they perform more and more, they will fear less and less as much as 50%. Miss Nichols says the aim is only to reduce stage fright, not to eliminate it completely. This is because a little stage fright makes a person more cautious, and improves the performance.
1 One who is suffering stage fright may .
A. forget one's part before the audience
B. smile all the time on the stage
C. make a speech fast than ever
D. be cautious to improve his performance
2 The underlined word “eliminate” in the last paragraph means .
A. keep B. reduce C. change D. get rid of
3 The wrong way to overcome stage fright is .
A. to smile before going to the stage.
B. to take two deep breaths to calm oneself
C. to pay less attention to one's mistakes in performance
D. to perform less and to watch more
4 Which of the following statements is right?
A. We can get rid of stage fright completely.
B. A little stage fright can make actors perform better.
C. We can reduce stage fright as much as one third.
D. A little stage fright leads to complete failure.
第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（ A、B、C、D ）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A Businessman ordered ten goldsmiths to make ten coins each. Each coin was to weigh exactly ten gram of pure gold.
One of the goldsmiths was a bad man. He decided to cheat. He made all his coins one gram short. Now the businessman heard that one of them had cheated. He also heard that this man had made each of his coins one gram short.
The businessman was a clever person. He took a certain number of coins from each of the smiths, weighed them together once only and found their weight to be 540 grams. This was enough for him to find out which one of the goldsmiths had cheated.
1 The word “goldsmith” means .
A. a person named Smith who sells articles(物品) made of gold
B. a thief who steal gold
C. a worker who makes articles of gold
D. a person who works for the man named Smith
2 The businessman found the cheat by .
A. looking each man in the eye
B. weighing one coin after another
C. weighing coins
D. asking who hadn't made coins according to his request
3 In order to find the cheat, the businessman weighed coins altogether .
A. fifty B. fifty-four C. fifth-five D. sixty
4 Suppose the businessman took one coin from the first smith, two from the second,
and ten from the tenth, he found out that he goldsmith was the cheat.
A. first B. sixth C. ninth D. tenth
As people slowly learn to cure diseases, control floods, prevent hunger, and stop wars, fewer people die every year. As a result, the population of the world is becoming larger. In 1925 there were about 2 billion people in the world; today there are over 6 billion.
When the number rises, extra mouths must be fed. New lands must be brought under development, or land already farmed must be made to produce more crops. In some areas the land is so over-developed that it will be difficult to make it provide more crops. In some areas the population is so large that the land is divided into too tiny units to make improvement possible with farming methods. If a large part of this farming population went into industrial work, the land might be farmed much more productively (多产地) with modern methods.
There is now a race for science, technology, and industry to keep the output of food rising faster than the number of people to be fed. New types of crops, which will grow well in bad weather, are being developed, so there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle in Siberia and North America. Irrigation (灌溉) and dry-farming methods bring poor lands under the plough. Dams hold back the waters of great rivers, which can provide water for the fields in all seasons and provide electric power for new industries. Industrial chemistry provides fertilizer to suit different soils. Every year, some new methods are made to increase or to protect the food of the world.
1. The author says that the world population is increasing because _____.
A. there are many rich valleys and large fields
B. farmers are producing more crops than before
C. people are living longer due to better living conditions
D. new lands are being made into farmlands
2. The author says that in areas with large populations, land might be more productively farmed if _____.
A. the land was divided into smaller pieces
B. people moved into the countryside
C. industrial methods were used in farming
D. the units of land were much larger
3. We are told that there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle. This has been made possible by _____.
A. growing new types of crops
B. irrigation and dry-farming means
C. providing fertilizers
D. destroying pests and diseases
4. Why is the land divided into tiny units in some areas?
A. There are too many people living there.
B. It saves more natural resources there.
C. It prevents crops from serious diseases there.
D. Farmers can grow various kinds of crops there.
5. Why do some people use dams to hold back waters from great rivers?
A. To develop a new kind of dry-farming methods.
B. To prevent crops from floods.
C. To provide water and electricity in all seasons.
D. To water poor lands in bad weather.