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Almost everyone has dropped some food on the floor and still wanted to eat it. If someone saw you drop it, he or she might have shouted, “ 5-second rule!” This so–called rule says food is OK to eat if you pick it up in five seconds or less. But is that true?
Professor Anthony Hilton from Ashton University, UK, tested the rule with his students. They found that food dropped for five seconds is less likely to contain bacteria(细菌) than if it sits there for longer.
For the study, Hilton and his students tested a lot of foods——bread, pasta, cookies and candy—to see how much bacteria they had when they made contact with the floor. They allowed the food to lie on the different types of flooring—carpet(地毯), laminate (复合地板) and tile(瓷砖) — for three seconds to 30 seconds.
Not surprisingly, the longer the food was on the floor, the more bacteria it had. And the type of floor where the dropped food landed had an effect. Bacteria are least likely to transfer(转移) from carpet, while they are most likely to transfer laminate or tiled surface after more than five seconds.
The study also found that the wetter the food, the more likely it was to pick up bacteria. Although most people are happy to follow the 5-second rule, eating food dropped on the floor still carries an infection(感染) risk. “It very much depends on which bacteria are on the floor at the time.” Hilton told Forbes.
What is the “5-second rule’ mean?

A.People often shout at someone when they drop food on the floor.
B.Food is safe when you pick it up off the floor in less than five seconds.
C.It’s better to eat dropped food when it’s been on the floor for over five seconds.
D.Food will go bad when dropped food on the floor in five seconds or less.

Where is Ashton University?
A. In the USA.   B. In England.
C. In China.    D. In France.
Hilton’s test wanted to find out____________.

A.if the “5-second rule” is true
B.the students’ favorite food
C.which food is easily dropped
D.if different types of floor have different bacteria

According to the test, we learn the following EXCEPT ________.

A.the dropped food had more bacteria if it sat on the floor for longer.
B.the dropped food on the carpet had the least bacteria.
C.bacteria was impossible to transfer from laminate or tiled surfaces.
D.the wetter food was likely to pick up bacteria.

According to the article, the infection risk of the dropped does NOT depend on _____________.

A.how long the food sits on the floor
B.what the dropped food is
C.what the bacteria are
D.what the weather is like that day
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If you want to be an accountant, you have to satisfy(满足) the following conditions except___________.

A.being a woman B.knowing how to use a computer well
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Sukan is 24 years old. He can get the job as_______.

A.a secretary B.a waiter
C.an accountant D.a computer salesclerk

I am my mother’s third girl. When I was born, the doctor gently explained to my mother that my left arm was missing, below the elbow(肘). Then he gave her some advice, “Don’t treat her any differently from the other girls.” And she did!
There were five girls in our family and we all had to help out. Once when I was about seven, I came out of the kitchen, “Mum, I can’t peel(削……皮)potatoes. I only have one hand.” “You get back to peel those potatoes, and don’t ever use that as an excuse for anything again!”
Of course I could peel potatoes—with my good hand and my other arm. “Jenny, if you try hard enough,” she said, “you can do anything.”
Once in the second grade, our teacher had each of us race across the monkey bar(攀爬架).When it was my turn, I said no, Some kids laughed. I went home crying.
The next afternoon Mum took me back to the school playground. “Now, pull up with your right arm,” she advised. She praised me when I made progress. I’ll never forget when I was crossing the bar, the kids were standing there with their mouths open.
It was the way with everything. Mum had the courage to face anything. And she taught me I could, too.
How many younger sisters do I have?

A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five

What does the doctor’s advice mean?

A.My are could be all right soon.
B.The other girls had the same arms as me.
C.My mum should look after me differently.
D.My mum should treat me the same as others.

Who peeled the potatoes at last?

A.Jenny. B.Jenny’s mum. C.Jenny’s sister. D.Nobody.

Why did Mum take me back to the school playground the next day?

A.she wanted to tell me I could do anything.
B.she wanted the teacher to let me try again.
C.she would punish the kids who laughed at me.
D.she would like to praise me before the other kids.

What’s the best title of the passage?

A.My bad-tempered mother B.Different mother love
C.A doctor’s advice D.My childhood(童年)


When I crossed a small road on my first day in Kolkata, I was surprised because I heard a bell-not a horn (喇叭), It was a tiny man pulling a rickshaw, He stopped and picked up two children from the front door of their house and pulled them to school. For many people, the rickshaw in Kolkata has many advantages. When the traffic is bad, rickshaws find a way through the traffic. If your miss your bus and there aren't any taxis, you can always find a rickshaw in Kolkata. Rickshaws are from your house to the market and waits for you. Then he loads (装载)all your things, drops you off outside your home and helps you unload, No other type of public transport offers this kind of service.
From June to September, Kolkata gets heavy rain. Sometimes it rains for 48 hours without a break. In some parts of the city, the roads flood (水淹), and anything with an engine(发动机) is useless, But the rickshaw drivers never stop working, even with water all around them.
But not everyone thinks rickshaws are a good thing. The local government want to ban rickshaws. They believe it is wrong for one man to pull another person when there is modern transport in the city. However, there is a problem with this plan. Many of the rickshaw drivers come from the countryside. The only job they can find in Kolkata is pulling a rickshaw, If the city bans rickshaws, these men won't have a job. So for the moment, the people of Kolkata still go by rickshaw.
What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?

A.The rickshaw drivers carry things for local people in Kolkata.
B.Parents need rickshaws for taking children to school in Kolkata.
C.Rickshaws can find a way through the bad traffic in Kolkata.
D.Rickshaws are very useful for the people's daily life in Kolkata.

Which type of transport may you take when the roads flood in Kolkata?

A.A bus. B.A taxi. C.A car. D.A rickshaw.

What does the underlined word "ban" mean?

A.make B.increase C.forbid D.collect

What can we learn from the passage?

A.The rickshaws in Kolkata have loud horns.
B.The rickshaw is still a part of public transport in Kolkata.
C.The local government offer many other jobs to the rickshaw driven.
D.The people in Kolkata are supposed to take rickshaws instead of cars.


Should we be afraid of sharks? Maybe not. New research into the reasons for shark attacks (攻击) suggests that sharks don’t like the way humans taste! In fact, most people who are attacked by the shark are still alive after receiving only one bite (咬). Why is this?
There are many opinions to explain why sharks sometimes attack people. One opinion is that sharks are just curious (好奇的). We know that sharks are the strongest animals in their environment, so they are not afraid of anything. Naturally, that means they are curious when they meet something unusual. Because they don’t have hands or feet., the only way they can find out an object is to bite it! It is thought that sharks sometimes bite humans for this reason, and then swim away.
Scientists also say that sharks would not waste energy trying to eat a human, as we have a lot of bones (骨头). It is hard for a shark to eat us because sharks don’t have hands, and they can’t pull the meat off our bones. Maybe that’s why they only bite us once. Unluckily, one bite from a large shark is serious enough to hurt people greatly!
Another opinion is that sharks attack humans by mistake. Some sharks may sometimes mistake humans for a seal. An example of this is when a shark attack attacks a surfer. A surfer lying on a surfboard looks like a seal when seen from below. Sharks like seals because they have thick fat.
Whatever the reason for shark attacks on humans, sharks should be afraid of us. Sadly, we kill almost 40 million of them each year.
What happens to people attacked by sharks?

A.Most of them because blind. B.Most of them because of deaf.
C.Most of them died. D.Most of them are still alive.

How do sharks find out about an unusual object according to the passage?

A.By biting. B.By smelling.
C.By touching. D.By killing.

Which sentence about sharks is true?

A.Sharks pull meat off bones when they eat.
B.Sharks might mistake humans for seals.
C.Sharks like to attack surfers because of their thick fat.
D.One bite from a shark is nothing serious.

What would the author write the passage mainly for?

A.To tell surfers to stay away from sharks.
B.To ask people to stop killing sharks.
C.To let us know the reasons for shark attacks on people.
D.To show that humans are much stronger than sharks.


Nathan Sawaya's childhood was a lot of fun. He drew cartoons, wrote stories, and played with plastic toy bricks (积木). His grandparents bought his first set of toy bricks when he was five years old and he's been building with toy bricks ever since. He even took his building bricks to college with him! Instead of books and a computer, he had a model of Greenwich Village made of bricks on his desk.
Nathan started as a lawyer but gave up His highly-paid (高薪的) job to become an artist that uses toys in his art. He uses toy bricks to build everything from the Statue of Liberty(自由女神像) to Superman! He has more than 1.5 million colored bricks in his working room in New York which he uses to make pieces of art. He started by building small models but then decided to do something big and created a self-portrait (自画像). It took him two days just to build the eyes.
Nathan's work has appeared in museums around the world. Children love his art because it is made out of the same toys that they play with at home and adults love his work because it is fascinating. Since it began in2007, Nathan's exhibition "The Art of the Brick" has been very popular with museum visitors everywhere.
"I'm proud that I took a dream I had as a child, to become an artist, and I have actually made a job out of it," says Nathan. "To do what you love in life is the most important thing."
What did Nathan put on his desk at college?

A.The Statue of Liberty. B.Superman.
C.His serf-portrait. D.A Greenwich Village modal.

Why did Nathan give up his job as a lawyer?

A.Because he made little money out of a lawyer.
B.Because he wanted to make toys for the children.
C.Because he decided to become an artist of toy bricks.
D.Because he was going to work in the museum instead.

What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A.Nathan's work. B.Nathan's exhibition.
C.Nathan's art. D.Nathan's self-portrait

What would be the best title for the passage?

A.The Brick Artist B.The Brick Exhibition
C.Toy Bricks for Adults D.The Artist's Childhood

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