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In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an interactional festival of music, dance and theatre in Edinburgh. The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.
At the same time, the “Fringe” appeared as a challenge to the official festival. Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947, in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform, and they did so in a public house disused for years.
Soon, groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little-known writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.
Today the “Fringe”, once less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre, music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts. And yet as early as 1959, with only 19 theatre groups performing, some said it was getting too big.
A paid administrator was first employed only in 1971, and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself. In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries. More than 1.25 million tickets were sold.
What was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at the beginning?

A．To bring Europe together again.

B．To honor heroes of World War 11.

C．To introduce young theatre groups.

D．To attract great artists from Europe.

Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to Edinburgh in 1947?

A．They owned a public house there.

B．They came to take up a challenge.

C．They thought they were also famous.

D．They wanted to take part in the festival.

Who joined the "Fringe" after it appeared?

A．they owned a public house there

B．University students.

C．Artists from around the world.

D．Performers of music and dance.

We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival __________.

A．has become a non-official event

B．has gone beyond an art festival

C．gives shows all year round

D．keeps growing rapidly

The Healthy Habits Survey (调查) shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.
1. How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?
Finding: A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.
Step: Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery-operated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.
2. How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?
Finding: Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30%wash their hands only 4 times a day-half of the number doctors recommend.
Step: We touch our faces around 3,000 times a day-often inviting germs (病菌) to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes. Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.
3. How often do you think about fighting germs?
Finding: Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.
Step: Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge (海绵) that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.
What is found out about American seniors?

A．Most of them have good habits.

B．Nearly 30%of them bathe three days a week.

C．All of them are fighting germs better than expected.

D．About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day

Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands.

A．twice a day	B．three times a day
C．four times a day	D．eight times a day

Which of the following is true according to the text?

A．We should keep from touching our faces.

B．There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth.

C．A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.

D．We should wash our hands before touching a door handle.

The text probably comes from .

A．a guide book	B．a popular magazine
C．a book review	D．an official document

In all one’s lifetime, it is 28 that one spends the most time being with or dealing with, but it is precisely oneself that one has the least 29 of. When you are going upwards in life, you tend to overestimate yourself; when you are going downhill you tend to underestimate yourself. It's 30 that you think it wise for yourself to know your place and stay away from worldly trouble wearing a mask of cowardice, behind 31 the flow of sap in your life will be retarded (妨碍).
To get a thorough understanding of oneself 32 doing oneself a favor when it's needed. In time of anger, do yourself a favor by giving vent (发泄) to it in a quiet place so that you won't be hurt by its flames; in time of 33 , do yourself a favor by sharing it with your friends so as to change a gloomy mood into a cheerful one; in time of tiredness, do yourself a favor by getting a good sleep or taking some tonic. Show yourself loving 34 about your health and daily life. Unless you know perfectly well when and how to do yourself a favor, you won't be confident and ready enough to resist the attack of illness.
To get a thorough understanding of oneself is to get a full control of ones life. Then one will 35 one's life full of color and flavor.

A．oneself

B．yourself

C．one

D．you

A．awareness

B．understanding

C．sense

D．mind

A．perhaps

B．certain

C．likely

D．sure

A．it

B．what

C．that

D．which

A．requires

B．demands

C．asks

D．requests

A．happiness

B．sadness

C．illness

D．danger

A．respect

B．anxiety

C．concern

D．attendance

A．attain

B．feel

C．acquire

D．find

Every hour spent in watching TV, DVDs and videos as an adult reduces lifespan by almost 22 minutes, a study suggests. And viewing TV for an average of six hours a day can cut short your life by five years.
The research shows that a sedentary（久坐的） lifestyle is as bad for health as smoking and obesity, because of the dangers caused by inactivity and the greater opportunities it offers for unhealthy eating.
The researchers set out to calculate the overall risk to lifespan from watching television. Their research involved more than 11,000 people over the age of 25.
Writing in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, they concluded. "TV viewing time may be connected with a loss of life, which is similar to other major chronic disease risk factors such as physical inactivity and obesity."
The researchers, from the University of Queensland, used information from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study, together with population and death rate data.
But they said: "Although we used Australian data, the effects in other industrialized and developing countries are likely to be similar, considering the large amounts of time spent watching TV and similarities in disease patterns." In the United Kingdom, the average amount of time spent watching TV is four hours a day, compared with five hours in the United States.
Earlier this year, a separate study suggested the risk of developing diabetes and heart disease, or dying early, rises by as much as 20 percent after just two hours a day in front of the box.
England's Chief Medical Officer, Sally Davies, said: "Physical activity offers huge benefits and these studies back what we already know - that a sedentary lifestyle carries additional risks. We hope these studies will help more people realize that there are many ways to get exercise."
We can learn from the passage that .

A．whether you watch TV or not has nothing to do with how long you will live

B．if an adult watches TV for six hours every day, he will probably die five years earlier

C．physical inactivity and obesity won't shorten your life

D．a sedentary lifestyle offers huge benefits.

The passage implies that _______.

A．The longer one watches TV every day, the shorter he lives.

B．The conclusion of the study is unbelievable because it's based on Australian data.

C．Watching TV does greater harm to health than smoking and obesity

D．Watching TV harms children as much as adults.

What do we know from the last three paragraphs?

A．People in the United Kingdom watch TV longer than those in the United States.

B．That a sedentary lifestyle carries additional risks isn't supported by other studies.

C．Watching TV for two hours a day will increase the risk of illnesses or dying early by 20%.

D．Australian data is much different from that of other countries.

The passage is intended to _______.

A．inform the readers of a research on watching TV

B．tell the readers large amounts of people often watch TV

C．tell the readers watching TV is also a good way to relax

D．warn the readers of the harm of watching TV and hope that they do sports

Runners in a relay race pass a stick in one direction. However, merchants passed silk, gold, fruit, and glass along the Silk Road in more than one direction. They earned their living by traveling the famous Silk Road.
The Silk Road was not a simple trading network. It passed through thousands of cities and towns. It started from eastern China, across Central Asia and the Middle East, and ended in the Mediterranean Sea. It was used from about 200 BC to about 1300 AD, when sea travel offered new routes. It was sometimes called the world’s longest highway.
However, the Silk Road was made up of many routes, not one smooth path. They passed through what are now 18 countries. The routes crossed mountains and deserts and had many dangers of hot sun, deep snow and even battles. Only experienced traders could return safe.
The Silk Road got its name from its most prized product. Silk could be used like money to pay taxes or buy goods. But the traders carried more than just silk. Gold, silver, and glass from Europe were much found in the Middle East and Asia. Horses traded from other areas changed farming practices in China. Indian merchants traded salt and other valuable goods. Chinese merchants traded paper, which produced an immediate effect on the West. Apples traveled from central Asia to Rome. The Chinese had learned to graft (嫁接) different trees together to make new kinds of fruit.
They passed this science on to others, including the Romans. The Romans used grafting to grow the apple. Trading along the Silk Road led to world-wide business 2,000 years before the World Wide Web.
The people along the Silk Road did not share just goods. They also shared their beliefs. The Silk Road provided pathways for learning, diplomacy, and religion.
It’s probable that traders along the Silk Road needed ______.

A．to deal with a lot of difficulties	B．to know the making of products
C．to receive certain special training	D．to remember the entire trade route

The Silk Road became less important because ______.

A．it was made up of different routes	B．silk trading became less popular
C．people needed fewer foreign goods	D．sea travel provided easier routes

New technologies could travel along the Silk Road because people ______.

A．shared each other’s beliefs	B．learned from one another
C．traded goods along the route	D．earned their living by traveling

What is the best title for the passage?

A．The Silk Road: Past and Present	B．The Silk Road: East Meets West
C．The Silk Road: Routes Full of Dangers	D．The Silk Road: Pathways for Learning

A．A tourist guide.	B．Transport.
C．Drinks.	D．Local food.