Most Americans start to school at the age of five when they enter kindergarten(幼儿园). Children do not really study at this time. They only attend for half the day and learn what school is like. Children attend elementary school for the next six years. They learn to read and write and work with numbers. They also study the world and its people. After they leave elementary school, children go to junior high school for three years and senior high school for another three years. This is called secondary education. In some places, the children go to elementary school for eight years and high school for four. In all, elementary and secondary education together take twelve years to complete excluding （不包括）kindergarten.
根据短文，选择最恰当的选项。（每小题2分，共计10分）
The elementary and secondary education together take the children ____ to complete in the USA.
A. thirteen years B. nine years
C. twelve years D. eleven years
Most American children enter kindergarten _________ .
| A．at the age of five | B．to study two years |
| C．to learn science | D．about two years old |
In elementary school they should stay there ________ .
| A．for six years | B．for three years |
| C．for another three years | D．to study hard |
Children should study how to __________ .
| A．act |
| B．become an astronaut |
| C．read and write |
| D．read, write and work with numbers |
Some American children have their elementary school education for ___ .
| A．five years | B．four years |
| C．eight years | D．seven years |
Cai Lun invented paper around 2， 000 years ago in China． It is an important invention． Before the invention of paper， people had to remember lots of information or write it on stone， wood， leaves， etc．
Today everyone in the world uses paper． With paper， we can make books and print newspapers． Sharing information is a lot easier with the help of paper．
People use paper every day． Students do homework and keep a diary on paper． Paper is a great invention．
Alan Turing was born in London， England， in 1912． He attended Cambridge University from 1931to 1934． Turing was a mathematician（数学家）and a computer scientist． Many people called Turing the father of computer science． He created the first design（设计） for a modern computer．
Turing wanted to know if a machine could think for itself and trick someone into believing they were having a conversation with another person． This became known as the Turing test． In the test， a human talked to two other people through a computer． One was a machine， and the other was person． This idea is still used today．
（1）When was paper invented by Cai Lun？
| A． |
Around 2， 000 years ago |
| B． |
About 200 years ago． |
| C． |
Around 1， 000 years ago． |
| D． |
About 100 years ago |
（2）People can do the following things with paper EXCEPT ．
| A． |
sharing information |
| B． |
printing newspapers |
| C． |
having the Turing test |
| D． |
making books |
（3）Many people considered Alan Turing to be ．
| A． |
the inventor of paper |
| B． |
the father of modern education |
| C． |
the inventor of paper |
| D． |
the father of computer science |
（4）In order to have the test， Turing needed ．
| A． |
three people， one computer and a machine |
| B． |
two people， one computer and a machine |
| C． |
two people， two computers and a machine |
| D． |
one person， one computer and a machine |
（5）From the passage， we know Cai Lun's invention and Turning idea are ．
| A． |
hard to accept |
| B． |
not used any more |
| C． |
unknown to people |
| D． |
still used today |
In recent years． China has been making great progress in technology． A number of inventions have made our daily lives more convenient． Among them， four stand out． They are known as "four new great inventions'' of modern China．
High﹣speed trains China created its first high﹣speed railway line in 2008． Since then，the number of passenger trips has grown by over 30 percent every year． It is reported that high﹣speed train network （网） will connect 80 percent of major cities in China by 2020．China's high﹣speed railway technology is also being used abroad． More and more high﹣speed railways are being set up in foreign countries like Turkey and Russia．
Mobile payment Mobile payment is turning China into a "cashless（无现金） society"．Customers now only need to pay for goods by typing a short password（密码）into certain app like Alipay（支付宝）on their mobile devices（设备）． Users can also pay their bills through Alipay． such as their water and electricity bills． Alipay also allows users to buy things on international websites and apps．
Shared bikes China has surprised the world with how quickly it has spread the shared bikes． Users simply pick up or park a bike on the street through GPS and smartphone apps．China's two leading bike﹣sharing companies， Mobike and Ofo． have been spreading their business to markets abroad． People are riding their bikes in Singapore， the UK and the United States．
Online shopping China has been the world's largest and fastest﹣growing online shopping market． Online shopping now takes15.5 percent of total retail（零售） sales in China． It also helped to create jobs of countryside areas．In 2016， online shopping created than 20 million jobs in countryside areas．
|
China's（1） |
|
|
High﹣speed trains |
It is reported that 80 percent of major cities in China will（2） by high﹣speed train network by 2020．China's high﹣speed railway technology is also being used abroad． |
|
Mobile payment |
China is being turned into a "cashless society"．Customers only need to use mobile apps like Alipay（3） goods or pay water and electrcity bills |
|
（4） |
More and more people are enjoying them．Not only people in China but also people in Singapore and the US are using them now． |
|
Online shopping |
Chinese online shopping market is growing very fast．And it helped people from countryside to find（5） |
There is a Chinese idiom（习语） ''tao li man tian xia"， referring to （指的是）a teacher who has taught so many students that they spread across the country like peach and plum（ 李子）trees．
The idiom comes from Zizhi， an official （大臣） that lived in the state of Wei（魏国） during the Spring and Autumn Period（BC770﹣BC476）． Zizhi was a knowledgeable person． He was not liked by the king at the time， so he had to leave his state． To make a living， he opened a private school and started to teach students．
As a teacher， he chose students no matter they were rich or poor． He often pointed at a peach and a plum tree in his yard when asking his students to work hard． "You should become a useful person and do work to benefit society， just like when the peach and plum trees bloom（开花）and bear fruit．" he said．
Keeping these words in their minds，many of Zizhi's students went on to different places around the country， achieving great things． They would plant peach and plum trees to show their respect（尊重） for their leather．
When Zizhi traveled around the country and saw his students and the trees they planted，he was very pleased．"My students are like peach and plum trees．They are everywhere，and they have achieved great results．"
（1）Why did Zizhi have to leave his state？
（2）How did Zizhi make a living after leaving his state？
（3）Was Zizhi pleased or angry when he saw the tree planted by his students？
（4）What kind of teacher was Zizhi？（至少写出两点）
（5）What does "peach and plum trees" refer lo according to the passage？
To stop more teenagers from becoming addicted（沉迷） to the Internet， the Ministry of Education（MOE，教育部）sent a letter on April 20.2018 to all parents in China． It calls on them to pay more attention to their children's online activities． Nowadays more and more teenagers become addicted to the Internet． A 17﹣year﹣old boy from Guangdong Province nearly died after playing online games for 40 hours． It shows how bad things can get when one becomes addicted to the Internet．
The MOE also sent a notice to primary and middle schools， asking then to manage Students' Internet use． From now on． schools will pay more attention to their students' Internet use， as well as their use of mobile phones． Schools have been told to teach students how to avoid violent（暴力的） online content（内容）．As long as students show signs of being addicted to the Internet， they can get help from their teachers to give up their addiction．
To make better use of the Internet， experts suggest that students should limit（限制）their screen time to less than 1.5 hours a day． They can develop healthy hobbies， like reading or playing sports in their free time．
Many other countries are also taking action． The Australian government has called for schools to confiscate（没收）mobile phones during school hours． And in South Korea， there is a law that children under the age of 16 are not allowed to play online games between midnight and 6 am．
（1）Whom did the MOE send the letter to？
| A． |
Parents． |
| B． |
Students． |
| C． |
Schools． |
| D． |
The government |
（2）How long should a teenager use the Internet a day according to the experts？
| A． |
About three hours． |
| B． |
Less than two hours． |
| C． |
Less than one and a half hours． |
| D． |
More than 1.5 hours． |
（3）What suggestion did the experts give to the students？
| A． |
To leave mobile phones home before students go to school． |
| B． |
To hand in mobile phones when students are at school． |
| C． |
To ask for help from their teachers when students find it hard to leave online games． |
| D． |
To develop healthy hobbies such as doing sports or reading． |
（4）Which action is South Korea taking against teenagers' Internet addiction？
| A． |
Confiscating students' smart phones． |
| B． |
Not allowing teenagers to play online games at night． |
| C． |
Making a law to prevent children under 16 from playing online games during certain time． |
| D． |
Calling on parents to manage their children's online activities． |
（5）You can read this article in ．
| A． |
a novel |
| B． |
a newspaper |
| C． |
a fashion magazine |
| D． |
a story book |
On March 14， 2018． Stephen Hawking， the world﹣famous British scientist， died at 76 in Cambridge，UK．
Hawking is considered by many to be the greatest scientist in history since Albert Einstein． He came up with the theory（理论） that the universe（宇宙） began with the big bang（大爆炸） and will end in black holes． His theories became the base for a lot of later research．He also wrote books to help common people understand the universe．His most famous book is A brief History of Time（时间简史），which has sold more than 10 million copies around the world．
Besides his scientific achievements． Hawking was also someone that had a strong willand optimistic attitude（乐观心态）．
When Hawking was 21， he was diagnosed（诊断）with a serious illness that stopped him from walking and talking． Later in life， he had to sit in a wheelchair and speak using a computer． But this didn't stop him from living a meaningful and colorful life． He traveled around the world for science meetings， visiting every continent（大洲）， including Antarctic（南极洲）． In 1985， he took a train trip around China． He was also a fan of pop culture and appeared on TV shows such as Star Trek（星际迷航）and the Bin Bang Theory（生活大爆炸）．He celebrated his 60th birthday by going up in a hot﹣air balloon． He hoped to travel into space one day．
Hawking left our universe forever． One of science's brightest stars went dark．
（1）What was Stephen Hawking？
| A． |
A movie star． |
| B． |
A teacher |
| C． |
A scientist |
| D． |
A musician |
（2）Which is the name of Hawking's most famous book？
| A． |
Star Trek． |
| B． |
A Brief History of Time． |
| C． |
The Big Bang Theory． |
| D． |
Bin Bang． |
（3）What does the underlined word ''will" in paragraph 3 probably mean？
| A． |
将来 |
| B． |
遗嘱 |
| C． |
心愿 |
| D． |
意志 |
（4）How did Hawking celebrate his 60th birthday？
| A． |
He traveled to Antarctic． |
B． | |
| C． |
He took a trip by hot﹣air balloon． |
D． | |
| E． |
He traveled into space |
F． | |
| G． |
He took part in a science meeting in the U |
H． |
（5）Which statement is NOT TRUE about Hawking？
| A． |
Hawking was an Englishman． |
| B． |
Hawking couldn't talk and walk after the terrible illness． |
| C． |
Hawking took a trip to China before he fell ill． |
| D． |
Hawking could communicate with others through a computer． |
