Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (流星) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is necessary for plants to make the food that we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.
Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space, The unit of radiation is called “rem” Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1rem without being damaged; the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage. A person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation and , during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo crew accumulated(积累) a large amount of rems. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found so far.
In which way is the atmosphere necessary to man according to the first paragraph?
| A．It screens off the falling meteors. |
| B．It provides enough light for plants to grow. |
| C．It supplies the heat necessary for human survival. |
| D．It protects him against the harmful rays from space. |
We know from the passage that .
| A．exposure to even tiny amount of radiation is fatal( 致命的) |
| B．the effect of exposure to radiation is slow in coming |
| C．radiation is avoidable in space exploration |
| D．astronauts in spacesuits needn’t worry about radiation damage |
The underlined word “deformed” probably means .
| A．badly-shaped | B．weak |
| C．naturally-grown | D．ugly |
It can be inferred from the passage that .
| A．the Apollo mission was very successful |
| B．astronauts will have deformed children or grandchildren |
| C．protection from space radiation is no easy job |
| D．radiation is not a threat to well-protected space explorers |
Four students are talking about the future after class.
Deng Yu: In 2050, China will be richer than it is now. Beijing will be getting ready for the 40th Olympic Games in 2050. We will see the blue and clear sky and smell the fresh air. There will be more pandas living happily in China. I believe that 2050 will be the year of China.
Liu Yan: A holiday to the moon will no longer be a dream. We can also travel far to other planets and talk with spacemen. We might also eat something like pills instead of today’s meals. Everyone will enjoy a longer life.
Sun Wei: Robots will be more popular. They will do what people don’t want to do. We’ll build new homes on other planets. By then, I’ll be sixty years old.
Zhang Lan: By the year of 2050, cloning will have been used in many ways. It will bring back animals which disappeared many years ago. There will be no pollution. The whole world will be one big family. There will be no wars. We’ll live a much easier and better life.Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
| A．China will be richer than it is now. |
| B．Shanghai will be getting ready for the 40th Olympic Games. |
| C．We will see the blue and clear sky and smell the fresh air. |
| D．More pandas will live happily in China. |
______ thinks that people can spend their holidays on the moon in the future.
| A．Deng Yu | B．Zhang Lan | C．Sun Wei | D．Liu Yan |
Zhang Lan thinks ________________ in the future.
| A．people will live in a world without wars |
| B．robots will do everything for people |
| C．people can talk with spacemen |
| D．2050 will be the year of China. |
What is the dialogue mainly about?
| A．the 40th Olympic Games | B．How to spend our holiday |
| C．the future | D．cloning |
Mr and Mrs King have two children, Jim and Liz. The whole family are all busy, so they often leave notes to each other. Read these four notes today to know something about them.
| 3:30 p.m. To dad and mum, Mr. Brown rang. No football practice today. I’m going to Tom’s house to plan our project and be back at 5:00pm. Liz |
4.00 p.m. To Liz, It’s your turn to walk the dog. I have to do my homework after school. Remember to play with Teddy when you get home ! Jim |
| 6:45 pm Has anyone seen my tennis shoes? I’m in my bedroom doing my homework, and I need to wear them tomorrow. Jim |
10.00 p.m. I saw your tennis shoes this morning. They smelt terrible so I put them outside the back door. Good night, dear! Mum |
Liz will be back home at ______.
| A．3.30 p.m. | B．4.00 p.m. | C．5.00 p.m. | D．10.00 p.m. |
______ should walk the dog today.
| A．Liz | B．Mrs. King | C．Jim | D．Mr. Brown |
Jim was _______ at 6.50 p.m.
| A．practicing football | B．going to Tom’s house |
| C．playing tennis | D．doing his homework. |
Jim can find his tennis shoes ______.
| A．in his bedroom | B．outside the back door |
| C．in the living room | D．at Tom’s house |
Europe’s deadly outbreak of a rare form of E. coli bacteria (大肠杆菌) has brought new attention to food safety issues. One of the problems when people get sick from food is that the simplest question is often difficult or even impossible to answer. Just what did the people eat that made them sick?
Of course, one way to avoid these medical mysteries is to keep dangerous organisms out of the food supply. This is easier said than done, but scientists keep looking for new ways.
Scientists in the United States have developed an experimental system that uses a high-tech optical scanner. The system is designed to identify the presence of contaminants(致污物) like soil or animal waste on fresh produce. These can be sources of E. coli. E. coli bacteria naturally live in the intestines(肠) of humans and many animals. Most kinds of E. coli are harmless but some can make people sick.
The new scanner can also show damage and imperfections that might make the produce unappealing to shoppers.
Scientists designed the system at a Department of Agriculture research center in Beltsville, Maryland. Moon Kim of the Agricultural Research Service led the team.
MOON KIM: “We were requested, we were asked, to develop a method to detect contamination in produce. So we started with the apple as the model sample.”
The scanner uses a high-speed camera placed over the conveyer belt that moves the produce along. As the apples move along the belt, the scanner captures images of each piece of fruit.
Moon Kim says the team hopes the system will be available before long.
MOON KIM: “We are targeting for development in commercial plants for the next several years.”
The scanner can direct a sorting machine to separate the bad apples from the good ones. The system is currently able to show the surface of only half the apple as it speeds by. The inventers hope to improve the process so it can show the whole surface.What is the main topic of the text?
| A．Bacteria. | B．A high-tech scanner. | C．A camera | D．Food safety. |
E. coli bacteria ______.
| A．broke out all over the world | B．comes from soil or animal waste |
| C．is extremely harmful to health | D．does not cause illness |
The high-tech scanner ______.
| A．can help to sort out different fruits |
| B．make the produce appeal to shoppers |
| C．can only capture images of the whole apple |
| D．can identify the presence of contaminants |
What can be inferred from the text?
| A．The scanner needs to be improved. |
| B．The scanner will be available in the next several years. |
| C．Moon Kim is unwilling to develop the scanner. |
| D．The scanner is connected to a sorting machine. |
A recent study, which was published in last week’s Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how dangerous it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. Indeed, a 16-year-old driver with three or more passengers has three times the possibility of a serious accident, compared with a teenager driving alone.
The authors also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased greatly after 10 p.m., and especially after midnight. With passengers in the car, the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident.
Robert Foss, a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with “really stupid behavior” than with just a lack of driving experience. “The basic issue is that adults who are responsible for giving out licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled driving is.” he says.
Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate (使缓解) the problem is to have states set up so-called graduated licensing systems, in which getting a license is a process with several stages. A graduated license requires that a teenager first prove himself able to drive in the presence(在场)of an adult, followed by a period of driving with night of passenger restrictions (限制) before graduating to full driving rights.
Graduated licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes, according to recent studies. Which of the following situations is most dangerous according to the passage?
| A．Adults giving a lift to teenagers on the highway after 10 p.m. |
| B．Adults driving with three or more teenage passengers late at night. |
| C．A teenager driving after midnight with passengers in the car. |
| D．A teenager getting a lift from a stranger on the highway at midnight. |
According to Robert Foss, the high death rate of teenage drivers is mainly due to _______.
| A．their frequent driving at night | B．their lack of driving experience |
| C．their wrong way of driving | D．their driving with passengers |
According to Paragraph 3, which of the following statements is TRUE?
| A．Teenagers should spend more time learning to drive. |
| B．Driving is a skill too complex for teenagers to learn. |
| C．Restrictions should be forced on teenagers demanding to take driving licenses. |
| D．The licensing department is partly responsible for teenagers’ driving accidents. |
A suggested measure to be taken to reduce teenagers’ driving accidents is that ______.
| A．driving in the presence of an adult should be made a rule |
| B．they should be forbidden to take on passengers |
| C．they should not be allowed to drive after 10 pm |
| D．the licensing system should be improved |
Winners Club
You choose to be a winner !
The Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers. It has been made to help you better manage your money. The Winners Club is a transaction account（交易账户）where you receive a key-card so you can get to your money 24/7 – that’s 24 hours a week !
It’s club with impressive features for teenagers:
● No account keeping fees !
You’re no millionaire so we don’t expect you to pay large fees. In fact, there are no account keeping or transaction fees !
● Excellent interest rates !
You want your money to grow. The Winners Club has a good rate of interest which gets even better if you make at least two deposits（储蓄）without taking them out in a month.
● Convenient
Teenagers are busy – we get that. You may never need to come to a bank at all. With the Winners Club you can choose to use handy tellers and to bank from home using the phone and the Internet … You can have money directly deposited into your Winners Club account. This could be your pocket money or your pay from your part-time job !
● Mega magazine included
Along with your regular report, you will receive a FREE magazine full of good ideas to make even more of your money. There are also fantastic offers and competitions only for Winners Club members.
The Winners Club is a great choice for teenagers. And it is so easy to join. Simply fill in an application form. You will have to get permission from your parent or guardian (so we can organize that cool key-card) but it is easy. We can’t wait to hear from you. It’s the best way to choose to be a winner !Which of the following is TRUR about the Winners Club?
| A．Special gifts are ready for parents. |
| B．The bank opens only on work days. |
| C．Services are convenient for its members. |
| D．Fees are necessary for the account keeping. |
The Winners Club provides magazines which_____.
| A．encourage spending | B．are free to all teenagers |
| C．are full of adventure stories | D．help to make more of your money |
If you want to be a member of the Club, you must _____.
| A．be an Internet user | B．be permitted by your parent |
| C．have a big sum of money | D．be in your twenties |
What is the purpose of this text?
| A．To set up a club | B．To provide part-time jobs. |
| C．To organize key-cards | D．To introduce a new banking service. |