Everyone faces challenges in their life， but some are more difficult than others． Daniel Kish had serious problems with his eyes when he was born． And doctors took away both of his eyes before he was fourteen months old．
Soon later， however，he started to do an amazing thing．He started to make clicking （咔哒） sounds with his tongue （舌头） to help him move around． Much like a bat （蝙蝠） ， he now moves about using sonar （声呐）． （1） He and his group， World Access for the Blind， teach others how to use sonar．In this interview with National Geographic， Kish explains how sonar works．
How does sonar work？
"When I make a clicking sound， it makes sound waves． These waves reflect （反射） off surfaces all around and return to my ears． My brain then processes the sounds into images （图象）（2） "．
When you click， what do you see in your mind？
"Each click is like a camera flash． I make a 3D image of the things around me for hundreds of feet in every direction．
What is it like riding a bike using sonar？
"（3） I click up to two times per second， much more than I usually do"．
Is it dangerous to move around the world in this way？
"Much of the world lives in fear of things that we mostly imagine． I have a habit of climbing everything， but I never broke a bone （骨头） as a kid．"
How challenging is it to teach people to use sonar？
"Many students are surprised how quickly results come． （4） It's in the mind"．
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A． It's exciting and enjoyable but requires a lot of focus． B． He is so good at it that he can ride a bicycle in traffic． C． Seeing isn't in the eyes． D． It's like having a conversation with the environment． |
Today is my（1） eightieth birthday． After dinner， I was holding Grandpa's hand and taking a walk in the park as usual．"Where are the peanuts？ Give me now!" He suddenly said． （2） I wished I had some with me! "Jerry， the monkeys are going to come out today． Wait till they smell the peanuts．" I knew he was lost in one of his memories again．I remembered the stories he told me about how he fed the monkeys when he was a kid．Then，he saw the goldfish! He acted（3） he was seeing them for the first time．At that moment， my tears ran down（4） a disease happening to him．
Poor Grandpa! He fell ill with Alzheimer's disease （阿尔茨海默症） last year．The doctor said it was a progressive brain disorder which （5） destroy （ 破坏） a person's memory．The patient might not also be able to make reasonable judgments（判断）．The saddest part was that it was a lifelong disease．But when my parents invited him to stay with us， he refused and said he liked（6） ．One day， he forgot to turn off the fire after cooking porridge． Luckily， one of his（7） came to help him before the fire could spread．
It was then that my parents（8） Grandpa to live with us． Often， he would forget my name and ask me who I was and what I was doing in his house．Each time I would answer （9） "It's me， your little Jenny， Grandpa!" Even if he had forgotten who I was， he would always（10） my beloved grandfather． I love him forever．
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（1）A． grandpa |
B． grandma |
C． grandma's |
D． grandpa's |
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（2）A． What |
B． How |
C． Which |
D． Why |
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（3）A． so that |
B． although |
C． as if |
D． even if |
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（4）A． because |
B． with |
C． of |
D． from |
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（5）A． can |
B． could |
C． may |
D． had to |
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（6）A． live lonely |
B． living alone |
C． living lonely |
D． live alone |
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（7）A． teachers |
B． classmates |
C． neighbors |
D． neighbor |
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（8）A． bought |
B． have brought |
C． took |
D． brought |
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（9）A． wisely |
B． softly |
C． angrily |
D． hardly |
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（10）A． is |
B． be |
C． to be |
D． are |
Everyone has only one life， all of us want to do（1） to prove the value of life． But sometimes that really needs more courage．
You have probably never heard of Fan Jinshi． She is a very great woman who I admire a lot．She is a thin woman from the south of China， She is always（2） in historical culture and ancient art．She graduated from Peking University． She could find a good job in a big city． Also， she could choose to teach in her university． However， she gave up all the good conditions and made a brave decision to work in Dunhuang， Gan Su． It's very dry and short of water there． （3） it is always windy and sandy all year round． And she couldn't enjoy delicious food or wear nice clothes．She just did one thing that she must fight against the terrible environment there every day．But she didn't care．She stuck to（4） in the desert place and made an effort to contribute （奉献） her youth．What a strong woman fighter she is! I will never forget what she said，"I love my work and I also love every area of my motherland forever．" Just as Dong Qing said，"（5） is that you still love your life after seeing the truth clearly．"
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（1）A． meaningful something |
B． anything meaningful |
C． meaningful anything |
D． something meaningful |
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（2）A． interesting |
B． surprising |
C． interested |
D． surprised |
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（3）A． Beside |
B． Except |
C． Besides |
D． Expect |
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（4）A． stay |
B． staying |
C． studying |
D． study |
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（5）A． Confidence |
B． Love |
C． Courage |
D． Faith |
Confucius' life and thought
Confucius（551﹣479 BC）was a great thinker and teacher in the Spring and Autumn Period of China． He was born in Qufu， capital of the state of Lu （part of Shandong）． He acted as an official （官员）there． But he was perhaps a better thinker than he was an official and he ended up having to leave the state of Lu． He spent 13 years travelling around the other states， spreading his ideas． And he tried to teach people that peace was very important for a healthy society． However， it was not until the rule of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty（156﹣87 BC）that his ideas were finally put into practice． In his last few years， he returned to Qufu where he spent the rest of his life teaching． His teachings were recorded by his followers in a book called Lunyu．
Confucius' teachings formed the base of Chinese thought． Confucius thought everyone should develop virtues（美德）and always do the right thing．Confucius' thought is considered to have been the necessity of Eastern thought．
To help people understand how to behave towards others， he taught five virtues accepted by all Chinese． They are ren（kindness， charity）， yi （faimess）， li（ceremony， tradition）， zhi（knowledge），and xin（trust）． Another virtue is xiao． Xiao is the duties a person has to their parents．It means loving， respecting， obeying （服从）， and taking care of one's parents in their old age． Xiao forms the base of a peaceful society． And he is the final goal according to his thought． It means social peace．
Here's one of Confucius' famous sayings，"Do not do to others as you do not wish to be done to you．" Another saying of his is" In the company of two others， I can always find one worthy of being my teacher． "
It is clear that Confucius' thought will continue to be a necessary part of Chinese culture． And it will continue to do something good to the development of China and even the whole world．
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（1） *working as an official *travelling around to spread his ideas *teaching in Qufu |
Achievements *the book called Lunyu *the base of Chinese thought *a necessary part of（2） and ． *a help for the development of China and the world |
Main thought *（3） *doing the right thing *building a peaceful society |
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Virtues *ren： kindness， charity *yi： fairness *li： ceremony， tradition *zhi： knowledge *xin： trust *xiao： to love， respect， obey and take care of parents …………………………………………… （4） is one of the virtues and people who believe in it will love everyone in the world |
Famous sayings A． Do not do to others as you do not wish to be done to you． B． In the company of two others， I can always find one worthy of being my teacher． ………………………………………… Saying A teaches us how to （5） while Saying B is to tell people we can always ． |
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Close friends， think alike？
"What! You， too？ I believed I was the only one． "Have you ever said something like this to someone？（1）
It seems that similarity often helps form friendship． The Greek thinker Aristotle once said， "People regard friendship as a matter of similarity； they say that we love those who are like ourselves．"（2） Scientists from University of California said friends have similar behaviors， Scientific American reported．
The scientists invited 42 university students to take part in a test． Each student watched the same set of videos， which included a comedy， a discussion and a soccer match． （3） ___ According to their scans， friends who watched the same video reacted in similar ways． Similar parts of their brains lit up while watching the videos， especially parts that are connected with motivation（动机）， learning and memory．（4）
"Seeing one's friends have similar behaviors will reinforce（强化）one's own values，opinions，and interests， "lead scientist Carolyn Parkinson told Business Insider．（5） ____ Scientists from the University of Leipzig， Germany，found that friendship is also based on how physically close you are to someone．The scientists did a test with first﹣year college students the first time they met in class． In this test， students who sat in neighboring seats were more likely to become friends．
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A． Now， there is some science behind this idea． B． If so， you may have ended up becoming friends with this person． C． Friends share a lot of similarities， though there are some differences． D． But brain similarity is not the only thing that can result in friendship． E． However， people who weren't friends had different reactions to the same videos． F． At the same time， scientists scanned their brains and recorded their brain activity． |
