People depend on plants． We use plants for food， cloth， shelter （住处）， and even the air we breathe （呼吸）．
Plants keep our air and water clean． Green plants give us oxygen （氧气）． Oxygen is part of the air we breathe．
Plants are also part of the water cycle （水循环）． Most of the water that a plant takes in goes back into the air．
Plants give us a lot of the food on the earth． Fruits， vegetables， and grains （谷物）come from plants． Without plants， we would not have bread， rice， carrots， apples， oranges，or bananas! Many people are growing plants to eat in their own gardens at home． Having your own garden helps the earth as well．
When you grow your own fruits and vegetables， you help cut down on pollution because big trucks don't need to take your food to shops． You also help reduce the amount of rubbish because you don't need to use bags for packing your food． You can just pick it out of the ground or off a plant and put it into a basket!
Trees are an important plant resource （资源）． Trees provide wood to build homes and furniture． Trees are used to make lots of things around your home and at your school． And trees provide fruits that are good for you． Without trees， the earth would be a very different place．
（1） is part of the air we breathe．
| A． |
Sunlight |
| B． |
Water |
| C． |
Food |
| D． |
Oxygen |
（2）What happens to most of the water that a plant takes in？
| A． |
It goes back into the air． |
| B． |
It stays in the plant． |
| C． |
It goes into the ground． |
| D． |
It stays in the river． |
（3）What does the phrase "cut down on" mean in Paragraph 5？
| A． |
Cause． |
| B． |
Accept． |
| C． |
Reduce． |
| D． |
Expect． |
（4）What is the best title of the passage？
| A． |
A Different Place |
| B． |
The Uses of Plants |
| C． |
Food on the Earth |
| D． |
Gardens at Home |
（5）You would find the passage in ．
| A． |
an interesting novel |
| B． |
a book about animals |
| C． |
a popular play |
| D． |
a book about nature |
【2013年山东烟台】
The famous scientist and thinker, Charles Darwin, was born on February 12, 1809. His family lived not far from the River Severn, England.
Charles’ father was a well-known doctor and the son of a still greater doctor and scientist. Charles’ father hoped that his son would also become a doctor.
As a boy Charles liked to go for walks in the fields and forests. He watched nature and compared what he saw with everything he had read in science books. He also liked collecting very much. He collected many things: eggs, stones, and leaves. His father did not like this, as Charles was not studying very well at school.
①为了成为一名医生，十六岁时达尔文就被送到爱丁堡大学(Edinburgh University) 学习。But he was interested in the history of nature.
Then he studied at Cambridge University until 1831.
Some time later, he heard that the ship Beagle was going on a trip to South America and wanted a scientist. His professor advised him to go. He said the trip would be just for Darwin. So when the ship left England in December 1831, Darwin was on it. The research lasted almost five years. The Beagle studied the waters in the sea near South America. It also visited New Zealand, Australia and islands in the Pacific. Darwin saw many new plants and animals. He collected all kinds of plants, which he sent home from the places he visited.
When he returned home, Darwin was warmly greeted by his families and many friends.
In 1842, Darwin went to live in Kent, where he continued his studies of the changes in nature. ②Darwin understood that plants and animals are not always the same, and that they really change.
By 1859, Darwin had finished his famous book The Origin of Species. It made a great hit in the world of science. ③He was opposed (反对) by the church and even by some scientists. But later, more and more scientists agreed with him.
Darwin continued his studies in science until he died in 1882.
请根据文章内容回答问题。Why didn’t Charles become a doctor?
____________________________________________________________________When did Charles start the research with the Beagle?
_____________________________________________________________________
◆根据短文内容，完成下列各题。请将①处划线句子翻译成英语。
_______________________________________________________________________请将②处划线句子翻译成汉语。
________________________________________________________________________请改写③处划线句子， 使其意思与原句一致（每空一词）。
The church and even some scientists ____________ ___________ him.
【2013湖北黄石】When we talk of plants, most of us will think of things that grow from the ground and have green leaves, but there are plants that do not look or act like other plants. Some of these belong to a special class of plants called fungi.
Fungi may appear almost everywhere. ①They commonly grow in wet places where they can get food and water easily. Because fungi do not have green leaves to make their own food, fungi must take their food from animals, other plants or water. Some fungi live on dead or rotting wood, while others grow on living trees or in dirt or moss(苔藓). Mushrooms(蘑菇) are the best-known fungi.
②There are many kinds of mushrooms appearing in all shapes and sizes. For example, cauliflower mushrooms are found in forests from July to October. They can grow to be as heavy as fifty pounds! They grow at the foot of trees. Squirrel’s bread(松茸) is another kind of wild mushroom. Its appearance and use can explain its name. These fungi look like small golden cakes. Squirrels can easily eat them or carry them off to their hole to eat later.
③食品店里的蘑菇是人们精心种植的，可安全食用。People are warned never to touch or taste wild mushrooms, because some of them are deadly. Even less dangerous ones can still make a person very sick.将①句译成中文。
_________________________________________________________________将②句译成中文。
_________________________________________________________________将③句译成英文。
________________________________________________________________
回答问题：From what can fungi take food?
_________________________________________________________________What is squirrel’s bread? How to understand the name?
_________________________________________________________________
【2014年江苏省盐城市中考】
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成表格中所缺信息,每空一词。
As a teenager, you’re trying to learn who you are. You’re going through mental and physical changes. You’re dealing with different kinds of stress and trying to succeed in school.
The good news is that though the teen years are tough, there are skills you can learn to make them a lot easier.
If you’re a teen and trying to manage your feelings better, here are a few skills for you to deal with your feelings.
Name the feeling.
What feeling are you experiencing? For example, are you sad, stressed. Angry, joyful or excited?
Accept what you’re feeling.
Many people worry that their feelings will increase. So they are not willing to accept them, hoping that they’ll just go away. However, that’s impossible. Remind yourself that it’s OK to feel your feelings.
Become familiar with your feelings.
To better understand your feelings, you should pay attention to your feelings all over the day. You may record how you’re feeling in the morning, afternoon and at night on a piece of paper. Next to your feeling, also write down where you notice it in your body.
Express your feelings.
Expressing a feeling is a good way to reduce it. For example, you can express your feelings by crying, exercising, writing about them or talking to someone you trust. Just be sure that whatever activity you choose, it doesn’t hurt you or anyone else.
At different times in your life, you’ll experience different difficulties. But by learning some helpful skills, you’ll be able to live a comfortable life.
How to with Your Feelings
| Main idea |
◇Though the teen years are tough, you can learn some |
| Skills to |
◇Name the feeling that you are |
| ◇Be willing to ◇Remind yourself not to |
|
| ◇Pay attention to your feelings the ◇Write down where you notice them in your body. |
|
| ◇Express your feelings through some activities to ◇Don’t |
|
| Conclusion |
◇Learn some helpful skills, and you can live |
【2014年江苏省徐州市中考】
阅读短文，根据其内容在短文后的图表中的空格里填入一个恰当的单词。
Eric and Chen first met in their Maths class at an American college. Chen was an international student from China. He wanted to learn about American culture and hoped he and Eric would become good friends. At first, Eric seemed friendly. He always greeted Chen warmly before class. Sometimes he offered to study with Chen. He even invited Chen to eat lunch with him. But after the term was over and they were in different classes, Eric seemed more distant. They didn’t see each other very much at college. One day Chen called Eric ,But Eric didn’t seem very interested in talking to him, Chen was hurt by Eric’s change of attitude（态度）.“Eric said we were friends.”Chen said.“I thought friends were friends forever. As a foreigner, he doesn’t understand the way Americans view friendship.
Americans use the word “friend” in a very general way . Their friendship is based on common interests. When the shared activity ends, the friendship may die. Now as Eric and Chen are no longer classmates, their“friendship”has changed.
In some cultures friendship means a strong life-long tie between two people—friendship develops slowly, since it is built to last. American friendship develops quickly, and it may change just as quickly.
Learning how Americans view friendship can help non-Americans remove misunderstandings（误解）. It can help them make friends in the American way.
【2014年江苏省宿迁市中考】
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填写表格，每空限填一词。
Why should students play sports? Some people think that students play sports in order to get exercise. Others think it can help students have fun. But that is not enough. If students play sports, they can get more than healthy bodies. Why? Here are three more reasons.
Students who play sports do better in school. Some people think that doing exercise will take up students’ study time. But a recent study has shown that students who play sports get better scores in school than those who don’t. Exercise gets students to learn, remember things and concentrate better.
Students who play sports develop their teamwork spirits and learn problem-solving skills. When they are working together with others to win games and reach goals, they’re learning how to be successful in practice. And these skills will be useful to them for study or their future work.
Playing sports can also improve confidence. Students who play sports feel better about themselves. When they know they can improve and reach their goals by practicing, it builds their confidence. And sports can also help them communicate with others actively and make new friends.
Now, how about going out to play sports with your friends every day?
| Why should students |
|
| Common reasons |
Students play sports to |
More |
Playing sports helps students get |
| Students who play sports can learn how to be Students develop teamwork spirits and learn problem-solving |
|
| Playing sports can Sports can help students |
|
| Advice |
Students should |