Harmful microbes like bacteris，viruses and other germs are pathogens．They may enter your bodies and make you ill．The immune system is the body's defence system that protects you from illness and disease caused by the pathogens．
The immune system is made up of non﹣specialized defences such as skin，tears and the acidic juice produced by the stomach，keeping you from the pathogens．It also has some highly specializde defences，which are different kinds of immune cells，grouped into phagocytes and lymphocytes．Phagocytes are a type of white blood cell．They are swimming around in your blood stream，always on the lookout for antigens﹣the pathogens that have entered your bodies．Whenever they see one，ther will eat it．However，some antigens are hard to find and kill．Then lymphocytes，which are also white blood cells and the main types are B cells，T helper cells and T killer cells，Will be the killers of the sncaky antigens．
B cells，T helper and T killer cells work together to find and kill these antigens．B cells produce substances，called antibodies，which stick to the antigen．When that happens，it will tell the T helper cells to come over and either：1．help the B cells kill the antigen，or 2．call the phagocytes or T killer cells to move in for the kill．Once a B cell or a T cell attacks an antigen，they create cells to"remember"it．Those"memory cells"hang out in your blood if they see the same antigen again，they quickly recognize，it so your immune system can act faster at killing it．
The immune system is more powerful than you probably imagine．Scientists from the University of Pennsylvania recently took immune cells from three patients with leukemia，then genetically cheanged them into "serial Keller" cells to attack cancer cells．The study was small but the results were groundbraking．The modified immune cells increascd at least 1，000 times in the body and killed all the cancer cells．Therefore，more "memory cells" were created．
The immune system can be developed．Eating lean protein food （beef，beans ）and food rich in vitamins A，C，and E（sweet potatoes，carrots ），taking a 30﹣minute walk every day and reducing your stress levels，etc．will help you achieve it．
37．What can the immune system do？
A．Keep you from antibodies．
B．Protect you against antigens．
C．Make your bodies werk and sick．
D．Help microbes enter your bodies
38．How are the sneaky antigens found and killed？
A．Phagocytes，B，T helper and T killer cells work together
B．Skin，tears，acidic juice and immune cells work together
C．B cells create "memory cells" to swim around in the blood
D．B cells produce antibodies to tell T helper and T killer cells
39．What does the underlined word "it" in the last paragraph refer to？
A．The immune system can be made more powerful
B．Less antigens can be killed by the immune system
C．White blood cells act less quickly in the immune system
D．The immune system can be changed into the "serial killer"
40．This article is mainly about ．
A．the types of white blood cells
B．a research report about human healeh
C．the cause of illness and discase
D．an introduction to the immune system．
Do you know Yao Beina?
Not only a popular singer was Yao Beina, but also she was an energetic and warm-hearted angel. She had her corneas (眼角膜) donated to two men who needed them, which helped them see the world clearly again.
Yao was born in a music family on Sept. 26, 1981 in Wuhan. Her father, Yao Feng, was the former chairman of the Shenzhen Association of Musicians and now serves as the vice chairman of Guangdong Association of Musicians. Under the influence of her family, she had taken up piano since the age of 4, and she sang her first song on the stage when she was 9 years old. Yao did quite well in singing, so she took part in the thirteenth Youth Singing Competition and won the first prize.
She became well-known to the public after making a series of songs for the hit TV drama “The Legend of Zhenhuan” in 2012, and the mandarin version (中文版本) of “Let It Go” from Disney’s “Frozen”. In July 2013, she competed in The Voice of China II and finally got the second place in Na Ying’s team. She had won a lot of music awards before she was famous.
Yao Beina was unfortunate to be diagnosed (诊断) with breast cancer (乳腺癌) and had a successful operation in 2011. Since then, she has fought against the disease for about four years while keeping singing, but sadly she failed. She originally thought of donating all of her organs (器官) to save others’ lives, but failed to do it because of her serious illness.
She’s gone, even though she had never stopped struggling with cancer. Heaven just got another beautiful angel, with her beautiful voice and kindness.Yao Beina had her ______ donated to save others.
| A．two corneas | B．all organs | C．heart | D．kidney |
Yao was born in a ______ family on Sept. 26, 1981 in Wuhan.
| A．doctor | B．farmer | C．music | D．worker |
How old was Yao Beina when she started to sing for people?
| A．Four. | B．Nine. | C．Thirteen. | D．Thirty. |
Which is TRUE about Yao Beina according to the passage?
| A．She started to play the piano at the age of 5. |
| B．She had great voice and won a lot of awards in music. |
| C．She was a weak and selfish girl. |
| D．She won over the breast cancer in the end. |
What’s the passage mainly about?
| A．Yao Beina’s family. |
| B．Yao Beina’s disease. |
| C．Yao Beina’s teacher. |
| D．Yao Beina’s art achievements. |
阅读下面短文，根据其内容完成后面各项任务。
When Charlie got up last Sunday morning, he looked out of the window, and saw that the ground was covered with snow. On the side of the house, the snow was higher than Charlie. "We must have a path through this snow, "said his father. "I would make one if I had time. But I must be at the office early this morning. Do you think you could make the path, my son?" he asked little Charlie. "I? Why? The snow is higher than me! How could I ever cut a path through that snow?" "How? You can do it little by little. I hope you will try," said the father. Then his father left for his office.
Later, Charlie set to work. He threw up first one shovelful(一铲), and then another; but it was slow work. "I don’t think I can do it, mother, "he said. "A shovelful is so little, and there is so much snow." "Little by little, Charlie," said his mother. "That snow fell flake(雪花) by flake, but you see how much it has made." "Yes, mother, I see," said Charlie. "If I throw it away little by little, it will soon be gone." So he worked on.When his father came home for dinner, he was pleased to see the fine path. The next day was Charlie’s birthday, the father gave little Charlie a pen, with yellow letters "Little by Little" on it.What did Charlie find when he got up last Sunday morning? (no more than 10 words)
Which sentence in the passage can be replaced (替换) by the following one?
I don’t think it’s possible for me to make a path through the snow.Did Charlie make the path through the snow at last?
把文中画线处翻译成中文。
What’s the best title of the passage?
Is there intelligent (有智力的) life on other planets? For years, scientists said “no.” or “we don’t know.” But today this is changing. Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are astronomers(天文学家). They believe intelligent life exists (存在) somewhere in the universe. They also think we will soon contact (联系)these beings(人；生物).
Why do Shostak and Barnett think intelligent life exists on other planets? The first reason is time. Scientists believe the universe is about 12 billion years old. “This is long enough for other planets to have intelligent life,” Shostak and Barnett said. The second reason is size—the universe is huge. “Tools like the Hubble Telescope(哈勃望远镜) have shown that there are at least 100 billion galaxies,” says Shostak. “And our galaxy, the Milky Way, has at least 100 billion stars. Some planets going around these stars might be similar to Earth.”
In the past, it was hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe. But now, powerful telescopes(高倍望远镜) allow scientists to discover smaller planets—the size of Mars or Earth—in other solar systems. These planets might have intelligent life.
Have beings from space already visited Earth? “Probably not,” says Shostak. “It’s a long way away. However, intelligent beings may contact us in other ways, such as radio signals(信号). In fact, they may be trying to communicate with us now, but we don’t have the right tools to receive their messages. However, this is changing. By 2025, we can communicate with other life forms in our universe and we might help each other.”Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are _____.
| A．astronomers | B．farmers |
| C．singers | D．drivers |
What is the best title for Paragraph (段落)2?
| A．The Age and Size of Earth |
| B．Our Galaxy: The Milky Way |
| C．Why Intelligent Life Might Exist |
| D．Earth: The Only Planet with Intelligent Life |
Why was it hard to look for signs of intelligent life in the universe in the past?
| A．There were not any smaller planets. |
| B．There were not any powerful telescopes. |
| C．The astronomers were not interested in them. |
| D．The Milky Way didn’t exist at that time. |
Why haven’t beings from space visited us yet according to Shostak?
| A．They’re afraid of us. |
| B．It’s a long way away. |
| C．They don’t want to see us. |
| D．They don’t know how to use radio signals. |
What does the underlined phrase “life forms” in the last paragraph mean?
| A．Messages | B．Tools |
| C．Intelligent beings | D．Radio signals |
From my father I have learned a lot. And I’m very thankful to him. I remember when I was a child, my father always got up very early, quietly putting on his clothes and going off to work. To arrive in time to open his tiny store at 8:30, he needed to leave our apartment at 6:30. After all, he had to take a bus and then the subway. The last journey was a long walk through a neighborhood much of which was full of the smell of rubbish. I learned: it is very important to work. No excuse(借口).
When I was 12, I would, on some Saturdays, go to my father’s store to help out. After helping set up the outside clothing display(陈列), for the rest of the day, I’d watch to make sure no one stole anything. When I noticed someone looking unusual or strange, I would look the person in the eye, smile and say, “May I help you?” Usually that worked, but sometimes, someone would run off with something. The first time, I ran after the thief but my father shouted, “Martin, stop! There is no need to do that.” It’s true that safety is more important than money.
After 10 years of hard work, he saved up enough money to buy his first car, a cheap one—he wouldn’t buy one until he could afford to pay for it without borrowing money. I learned: buy only what you can afford. Buying necessary food and clothing won’t make us go in debt(债务). The unnecessary things won’t give us happiness, which comes from achievement only. What shop did the author’s father own?
| A．A bookshop. | B．A coffee shop. |
| C．A clothing shop. | D．A food shop. |
Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
| A．The author ran after thieves many times. |
| B．The author thanked his father a lot. |
| C．The author’s father worked very hard. |
| D．The author’s father made some money. |
All the following are talked about in the passage EXCEPT.
| A．the importance of working |
| B．the good ways to keep healthy |
| C．that safety comes before money |
| D．that it’s bad to spend more than you make |
According to the author, what usually makes people go in debt?
| A．To rent a house for the family. |
| B．To send their children to school. |
| C．To enjoy something unnecessary. |
| D．To buy enough food for the family. |
What is the passage mainly about?
| A．How to live a happy life. |
| B．What makes a person successful. |
| C．The help the author got from his father. |
| D．What the author learned from his father. |
Let’s Explore The Nature!
Are you interested in animals and nature? Want to enjoy your summer holiday and learn something interesting and useful?
Here comes your CHANCE! We provide you with a THREE-DAY SUMMER PROGRAM! You can take part in many hands-on activities and meet with live animals-- giraffes, pandas, tigers, and so on! More information about the program in as follows:
Age: Students aged 8~16
Groups: There are 2 programs for you to choose from. Each program needs at most 15 students.
| Program A Dates: 14~16 July, 2014 Days: Monday to Wednesday Time: 10:00 a.m.~4:00 p.m. |
Program B Dates: 5~7 August, 2014 Days: Tuesday to Thursday Time: 10:00 a.m.~4:00 p.m. |
Program cost: $230 for members; $250 for non-members。
How to do: Simply come to our centre to get an application form (申请表). Send your completed form on or before 11th July, 2014(Friday).
Notes:
1. NO FREE LUNCHES ARE PROVIDED because of personal food differences. You may either bring a lunch-box or pay for lunch at our restaurants.
2. Both programs will start ONE DAY later if there is a warning of rainstorms.
COME AND JOIN US NOW!! DON’T MISS THE CHANCE!! ______ can join the three-day summer program.
| A．A kid of 7 | B．A boy of 14 |
| C．A girl of 17 | D．A man of 26 |
If there is a rainstorm on 14th July, program A will start on ______.
| A．Sunday | B．Monday | C．Tuesday | D．Wednesday |
Two members and one non-member should pay ______ for the program.
| A．$690 | B．$710 | C．$730 | D．$750 |
Free lunches aren’t provided because ______.
| A．the lunches cost too much | B．people have different tastes |
| C．there are many restaurants | D．they may bring lunch-boxes |
What can we know from the passage?
| A．Youth Explorer is the name of the program. |
| B．More than 15 students are in each program. |
| C．We can see three kinds of animals in the program. |
| D．You need to hand in an application for the program. |