In the park，you see a group of people，all looking up at the sky． Without thinking about it， you look upwards， too． Why？ In the concert，someone begins to clap and suddenly the whole room joins in． You do， too． Why？
Sometimes we feel we are acting correctly when we do the same as others． The more people follow an idea， the better or truer we think the idea is． It's the social proof （社会认同感）that works．
The scientist Asch carried out an experiment． It shows how social proof can influence us． In a room， a man is shown Line 1，and next to it are three lines （A，B，C）． A is longer，C is shorter and B is as long as Line 1． He must tell which of the three lines is as long as Line 1． When the man is alone，he gives the correct answer B． Then， five other men enter the room， and each of them gives the answer C as they were told to． Now the man changes his idea and gives the answer C． Asch got the same result many times among different subjects （实验对象）．
Why do we act like this？Well，in the past， following others was a way to keep from danger．Suppose that 5000 years ago you were hunting （打猎） with friends．Suddenly，they all ran away．What would you have done？ Would you have stayed？ No，you would have run，too．We are descendants （后代） of those who copied others' action． It is so deeply planted in our mind that we still use it now．
Social proof has special power．The advertising industry，for example，often makes use of it．So be careful whenever a company says its product is "the most popular"．
（1）At the beginning of the passage， the writer leads in the topic by ．
A．telling a story
B．giving examples
C．answering questions
D．showing a map
（2）According to Paragraph 3， the experiment by Asch shows ．
A．following others is always right
B．social proof may change people's ideas
C．it's difficult to carry out the experiment
D．people can study better if they are alone
（3）The underlined word "It" in Paragraph 4 refers to ．
A．running with others
B．hunting with friends
C．copying others' action
D．doing something different
（4）According to the passage，we can infer （推断）that ．
A．it's important to run with others anytime
B．products in the advertisement are the best
C．we mustn't copy others' action to keep safe
D．we need to think twice before following others
Most people in Britain live in small family groups. More than a quarter of homes in Britain have only one person living in them. Some of these persons are old but some are of twenty to thirty who choose to live alone. 35% of homes have two people living in them, and another 17% have three people. 15% have four people living in them, and the other homes have five or more.
The families in Britain are small. It is unusual for parents to have more than two children. When children are about eighteen or nineteen, they leave their parents’ home, and they often go to other cities. Sometimes they only visit their parents two or three times a year.
根据短文内容，判断正(A)误( B)。The passage is a report.
35% of homes in Britain have 3 people living in them.
The families in Britain are large.
Some are people of twenty to thirty who choose to live alone.
The passage mainly tells us the population in American.
“Mr. Mott often forgets important meetings. The robot will go after him all the time. It listens to everything he says. It sees everything he does. At night, it watches him sleep. It knows everything about Mr. Mott…”
It sounds like a wonderful idea, doesn’t it? But I’m afraid that Mr. Mott will not get on well with the robot, because everyone has something he doesn’t want others know. It is privacy. Just imagine that there is a video camera around you all day. How do you feel? When you are taking an exam, a teacher sits in front of you and watches you all the time. How do you feel?
Mr. Mott doesn’t lose all his memory. At least he remembers that he always forgets. So why can’t he do something for this HIMSELF? He can keep a notebook with him, like most people do. In the notebook he can write down the things he should do, the persons he should meet and the places he should go. Isn’t the notebook much cheaper and safer than the robot?“It” in the first paragraph(段落) refers to______________.
| A．Mr. Mott | B．Mrs. Mott | C．the robot | D．a video camera |
Why does the writer think Mr. Mott will not always get on well with the robot?
| A．Because it is invented by others. | B．Because it can talk with Mr. Mott. |
| C．Because it can remind(提示；提醒) Mr. Mott of something he forgets. | |
| D．Because it knows something Mr. Mott doesn’t want others know. |
The underlined word “privacy” means_______________in Chinese.
| A．提供 | B．丧失 | C．特权 | D．隐私 |
Mr. Mott is_____________.
| A．handsome | B．forgetful | C．a scientist | D．kind and friendly |
From this passage we know that the writer__________________.
| A．doesn’t like the robot to follow Mr.Mott all day. |
| B．thinks it is a good idea to have a robot like Mr Mott’s. |
| C．If we always forget something important,we should have a robot. |
| D．A notebook is cheaper than a robot but a robot is better than a notebook. |
| AVERAGE RESOURCES(资源) |
|
| 620 m3 water |
If we put flesh water and sea water together，we can each have 620 m3 water．But remember，sea water is too salty for us to drink if the factories don’t process(加工)it first．So，620 m3is little．Saving water in daily use is important． |
| 0．5 hectares of forests |
There are 3．869 billion hectares(公顷)of forests on Earth．But we are losing them mainly because we cut trees too much．If we calculate(计算)at the size of a football field，we are losing 343，000 football fields every day，or 1，431 per hour，or 24 per minute ! |
| 1．5 centimeters long corals(珊瑚) |
All the corals that we have now spread(绵延)for about 100，000 km in 109 countries．But each of us can only have such a little piece，because seas are get-ring polluted and corals are dying． |
| 33 stars |
According to the latest report，there are 200 billion stars in the Milky Way．Each of us can have 33 of them．Unfortunately，we cannot see most of the 200 billion stars from Earth．We can only see about 6．000 stars．If we don’t use telescopes(望远镜)or we have bad weather，we can only see about 2，000 stars． |
| 90kg rice |
On average(平均)，we get 0．54 billion tons of rice each year round the world and each of us can have 90 kg．Asia produces and eats 90％of all the rice．How long will it take you to eat up this 90 kg rice? |
On average，maybe we each have________fresh water in the world．
| A．620m3 | B．more than 620m3 |
| C．far less than 620m3 | D．no more than 620m3 |
When we use telescopes or the weather is fine，we can see________stars from Earth．
| A．all the stars | B．about 200 billion | C．about 2．000 | D．about 6．000 |
According to the table above，we each can only have________because of pollution．
| A．less water | B．fewer forests | C．fewer corals | D．less rice |
We are losing___________football fields every day because people cut down too many trees.
| A．343，000 | B．3．869 | C．1，431 | D．24 |
Which of the following is true according to the passage?
| A．We get 0.54 billion tons of rice each year round the world and each of us can have 9 kg． |
| B．We cannot see most of the 20 billion stars from Earth． |
| C．Sea water is too salty for us to drink if the factories don’t process it first． |
| D．each of us can only have some pieces of corals，because seas are get-ring polluted． |
Americans with small families own a small car or a large one. If both parents are working, they usually have two cars. When the family is large, one of the cars is sold and they will buy a van(住房汽车)
A small car can hold four persons and a large car can hold six persons but it is very crowded. A van hold seven persons easily, so a family three children could ask their grandparents to go on a holiday travel They could all travel together.
Mr. Hagen and his wife had a third child last year. This made them sell a second car and buy a van. Their children sixth and seventh seat are used to put other things, for a family of five must carry many suitcases(衣箱)when they travel. When they arrive at their grandparents’ home , the suitcases are brought into the two seats can then carry the grandparents.
Americans call vans motor homes. A motor home is always used for holidays. When a family are traveling to the mountains or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or weeks. All the members of a big family can enjoy a happier life when they are traveling together. That is why motor homes have become very popular. In America there are many parks for motor homes. From the passage, a van is also called ____________.
| A．a motor car | B．a motor home | C．a motorbike | D．a big truck |
Before Mr. Hagen and his wife bought a van, they__________.
| A．sold their old house | B．moved to their grandparents’ house |
C．built a new place for a van | D．sold their second car |
A motor home is usually owned by a family with__________.
| A．a baby | B．much money | C．more than two children | D．interest in vans |
Americans usually use motor homer____________.
| A．to travel with all the family members of holiday | ||
| B．to do some shopping with all the family members |
C．to visit their grandparents at weekends |
D．to drive their children to school every day |
Motor homes have become popular because___________.
| A．they can take people to another city when people are free |
B．they can let families have a happier life when they go out for their holidays |
C．some people think motor homes are cheap |
D．big families can put more things in motor homes |
A poor boy lived in a small town. He sold goods from door to door to pay for school. One day, he only had one cent left, and he was hungry. He decided that he would ask for a meat at the next house. However, when a young woman opened the door, the boy was shy, so he just asked for some water. The woman knew he was hungry, so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much should I pay for it?” “You won’t pay for it. My mother has told me that it is good to help the people who are in trouble, ” she replied. The boy said, “Then I thank you form my heart.” As the boy left that house, he felt stronger. He knew he had many things to do.
Many years later, the young woman became ill. The local doctors couldn’t save her. People had to send her to a hospital in a big city. When the doctor knew who the woman was, he was excited and tried his best to save her life. He succeeded. The woman needed to pay for the bill. The doctor learned that she couldn’t afford it. So he wrote something down on the bill. The woman read the bill, “You have paid it with a glass of milk.”
判断下列句子的正（A）误（B）。The boy paid one cent for the milk at last.
The young woman had a kind mother.
The boy sold goods because he thought it was interesting.
The young woman lived in a big city.
The woman paid the large medical bill with a lot of money.