Some primary schoolchildren have been raised in homes with more green space around． They are likely to come with larger volumes of white and grey matter in certain areas of the brain． These differences are associated（关联） with beneficial effects on cognitive function （认知功能）． This is the main conclusion of a study led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health．
The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain．Lifelong exposure（接触） to green space in the living places was recorded﹣using the information on the children's addresses from birth up through to the time of the study． Brain structure was studied using 3D magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）． Working memory and inattentiveness（注意力不集中）were graded with computers．
"This is the first study that shows the association between long﹣term exposure to green space and brain structure．" Says Dr． Payam Dadvand， the leading researcher of the study． "Our findings suggest that exposure to green space early in life could result in beneficial structural changes in the brain．"
The findings show that long﹣term exposure to greenness is positively associated with white and grey matter volumes in several parts of the brain． Some of them are related to higher scores on cognitive tests． Moreover， larger volumes of white and grey matter in those parts might lead to better working memory and less inattentiveness．
Exposure to nature has been thought to be necessary for brain development in children． Another study of 2，593 children shows that children in school with more green space have a greater increase in working memory and a greater decrease in inattentiveness．
Humans are believed to be tied to nature． Playing in greener areas offers children opportunities to search and learn． Accordingly， green space is thought to promptimportant exercises in discovery， creativity and risk taking． These exercises in turn positively influence brain development．
Dr． Dadvand's study suggests how such structural changes could bring about the beneficial effects of green spaces on cognitive development． It also adds to the proof that suggests the lasting effects of early life exposure to greenness on our health and the benefits of increasing greenness in cities．
Further studies are needed to prove the findings in other populations， settings and climates． And researchers need to examine differences according to the nature and quality of green space．
（1）The second paragraph is mainly about ．
A． how the study was performed
B． what was recorded in the study
C． how long the study lasted
D． who took part in the study
（2）The word "prompt" in paragraph 6 probably means " "．
A． control
B． encourage
C． balance
D． change
（3）What can we learn from the passage？
A． Working memory influences white and grey matter in the brain．
B． Dr． Dadvand stressed the importance of changing the environment．
C． Studies proved the influence of greenness on populations outs of Spain．
D． Living in greener neighborhoods benefits children in brain development．
A: Good afternoon. Are you Zhang Li?
B: Yes, I am.
A: Is Li your family name?
B: No, Li is my given name. My family name is Zhang. What’s your name?
A: My name is Alice. I’m from the USA.
B: Nice to meet you, Alice.
A: Nice to meet you, too! I’m a student in Sunny Middle School.
B: Oh, great! We are in the same school. I’m in Class Three, Grade Seven. What class are you in?
A: I’m in Class Four, Grade Seven.
B: My English teacher is Mr. Miller. He is from the USA, too. Is he your English teacher?
A: No, he isn’t. He’s my father.
B: Oh? That’s good. My QQ number is 2521786. Do you use QQ?
A: No, I don’t . But you can call me at 789-0765.
B: OK, my phone number is 675-4721.
A:OK! See you!
B: Bye! Alice’s family name is ________.
| A．Brown | B．Miller | C．Alice | D．Black |
划线单词same的汉语意思是________.
| A．不同的 | B．附近的 | C．相似的 | D．同样的 |
Alice is in Class ________ Grade _______.
| A．3, 7 | B．4, 7 | C．7, 3 | D．7, 4 |
Zhang Li’s QQ number is ________.
| A．2521867 | B．675-4721 | C．2521786 | D．789-0765 |
Which statement is right? (以下哪个描述是正确的？)
| A．Alice and Zhang Li meet in the morning. |
| B．Alice and Zhang Li are classmates. (同班同学) |
| C．Alice’s father is an English teacher. |
| D．Alice has a QQ number. |
Barbara is from __________.
| A．China | B．Canada | C．America | D．England |
Barbara is __________ years old.
| A．eleven | B．twelve | C．thirteen | D．fourteen |
You can call her at __________.
| A．Z5001B | B．010407 | C．8475103 | D．No.124 |
She lives at __________.
| A．No.142 Bridge Street, New York |
| B．No.124 Bridge Street, New York |
| C．No.142 Business Road, New York |
| D．No.124 Business Road, New York |
What does "F" mean?
| A．体重 | B．男性 | C．女性 | D．身高 |
Do you know why different animals or pests have their special colors? Colors in them seem to be mainly used to protect themselves.
Some birds like eating locusts (蝗虫), but birds cannot easily catch them. Why? It is because locusts change their colors with the change of the colors of crops. When crops are green, locusts look green. But as the harvest time comes, locusts change into the same brown color as crops have. Some other pests whose colors are different form plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves for lives and appear only at night.
If you study the animals’ life, you’ll find the main use of colors is to protect themselves. Bears, lions and other animals move quietly through forests. They cannot be easily seen by hunters because their colors are much like the trees.
Colors are useful not only on the land, but also in the sea. A kind of fish in the sea can give out a kind of black liquid (液体) when the fish face danger. The liquid spreads over quickly, so they cannot be found by their enemies and can quickly swim away. That is why they live safely though they are not strong at all.From the passage, we can know that ________.
| A．locusts are big animals |
| B．Locusts are easily found by birds |
| C．Locusts are dangerous to their enemies |
| D．Locusts can change their colors to protect themselves |
Those pests with different colors from plants have to ________ to keep out of danger.
| A．change their colors |
| B．hide in the day time and appear at night |
| C．move quietly |
| D．hide at night and appear in the day time |
Bears and lions can keep safe because _______.
| A．their colors are much like the trees |
| B．they move quickly |
| C．they are very strong |
| D．they live in forests |
According to the passage, the fish can keep safe because ________.
| A．they can change their colors |
| B．they can give out a kind of liquid |
| C．they are strong enough |
| D．they swim faster than any other fish |
Which is the best title for this passage?
| A．The colors of the seasons |
| B．Animals on the land and in the sea |
| C．The main use of colors for animals and pests |
| D．How to keep safe in the sea |
Jeff Corwin is a scientist and author. He does these jobs with one life goal: to help save animals and their habitats. His latest book,100 Heartbeats: The Race to Save Earth’s Most Endangered Species, is a collection of stories about animals on the edge(边缘) of extinction. Corwin recently talked to TFK kid reporter Sarah Horbacewicz.
| Reporter: How would you describe your job? Corwin: My job is to travel around, look at animals and tell their stories. |
| Reporter: When did you know this is what you wanted to do? Corwin: I knew that when I was 6 years old. My dad was a police officer, and we lived in the city. I really enjoyed the time when I could go to the quiet countryside. The day that I saw my very first wild snake, I knew that’s what I would do for the rest of my life. I didn’t know if I would be a teacher or a zookeeper, but I know I would have a life connected with (与……有关) nature. |
| Reporter: Why did you write the book? Corwin: We’re losing species (物种) very fast. I wanted to show people that while we are in a very serious situation, we are not at the point of no return. If we make big changes, we may have the chance to save what remains. |
| Reporter: Is it true that humans are the reason that many of these animals are in danger? Corwin: Human beings have a powerful effect on every other living thing. The challenge is to make that effect a positive one. |
Jeff Corwin is a(n) __________.
| A．teacher | B．author | C．police officer | D．zookeeper |
Jeff Corwin’s life goal is to __________.
| A．protect the environment |
| B．do some scientific researchers |
| C．save animals and their habitats |
| D．let more people know about nature |
The underlined word “extinction” means “________” in Chinese.
| A．灭绝 | B．生存 | C．冬眠 | D．饥饿 |
What does the underlined sentence mean?
| A．Human beings are now in danger. |
| B．We can’t save the endangered species. |
| C．Humans can’t deal with serious situations. |
| D．We can make some changes to save the endangered animals. |
Which of the following is NOT true according to the reading?
| A．Corwin lived in the city when he was young. |
| B．Corwin has been trying his best to help save animals and their habitats. |
| C．It isn’t true that humans can have a positive effect on other living things. |
| D．The first time Corwin saw the wild snake, he knew what to do for the rest of his life. |
When shopping in a store, I met a boy. When I saw him waving his hands excitedly in the air and shouting in a loud voice, “ Mommy, I’m here,” I knew he was mentally challenged.
I asked his name and he said proudly, “ My name is Denny and I’m shopping with my mother.” “Wow,” I said, “ That’s a cool name. How old are you, Denny?”
“ How old am I now, Mommy?” he asked his mother. “ You’re fifteen years old, Denny; now be a good boy and let the man pass by.” I continued to talk to Denny for several more minutes about summer, bicycles and school. I watched his brown eyes dance with excitement because he was the center of someone’s attention.
Denny’s mom thanked me for talking with her son. She told me that most people wouldn’t even look at him, let alone talk to him. I told her that it was my pleasure and then I said, “ There are plenty of red, yellow, and pink roses in the garden, however, ‘Blue roses’are very rare and should be appreciated for their beauty and distinctiveness（独特性）. Denny is a ‘Blue ses’and if someone doesn’t stop and smell that rose with their heart and kindness, then they’ve missed a chance to appreciate the beauty.”
She was silent for a second, and then went away with tears in her eyes.Where did the writer meet the boy?
| A．In the street | B．In a store |
| C．In a garden | D．In a school |
What’s wrong with the boy?
| A．He didn’t know his name and age |
| B．There was something wrong with his mind |
| C．He lost his way |
| D．He couldn’t find his mother. |
What do you think of the writer?
| A．Kind | B．Brave | C．Clever | D．Honest |
What does the underlined word “ rare” mean?
| A．Beautiful | B．Not seen very often |
| C．Not done very often | D．Not waited very long |
What can we learn from the underlined sentence?
| A．He was so excited that his eyes could dance |
| B．He was excited because his eyes caught someone’s attention. |
| C．He was excited because someone was talking with him |
| D．He was excited because someone paid attention to his eyes. |