Some primary schoolchildren have been raised in homes with more green space around． They are likely to come with larger volumes of white and grey matter in certain areas of the brain． These differences are associated（关联） with beneficial effects on cognitive function （认知功能）． This is the main conclusion of a study led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health．
The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain．Lifelong exposure（接触） to green space in the living places was recorded﹣using the information on the children's addresses from birth up through to the time of the study． Brain structure was studied using 3D magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）． Working memory and inattentiveness（注意力不集中）were graded with computers．
"This is the first study that shows the association between long﹣term exposure to green space and brain structure．" Says Dr． Payam Dadvand， the leading researcher of the study． "Our findings suggest that exposure to green space early in life could result in beneficial structural changes in the brain．"
The findings show that long﹣term exposure to greenness is positively associated with white and grey matter volumes in several parts of the brain． Some of them are related to higher scores on cognitive tests． Moreover， larger volumes of white and grey matter in those parts might lead to better working memory and less inattentiveness．
Exposure to nature has been thought to be necessary for brain development in children． Another study of 2，593 children shows that children in school with more green space have a greater increase in working memory and a greater decrease in inattentiveness．
Humans are believed to be tied to nature． Playing in greener areas offers children opportunities to search and learn． Accordingly， green space is thought to promptimportant exercises in discovery， creativity and risk taking． These exercises in turn positively influence brain development．
Dr． Dadvand's study suggests how such structural changes could bring about the beneficial effects of green spaces on cognitive development． It also adds to the proof that suggests the lasting effects of early life exposure to greenness on our health and the benefits of increasing greenness in cities．
Further studies are needed to prove the findings in other populations， settings and climates． And researchers need to examine differences according to the nature and quality of green space．
（1）The second paragraph is mainly about ．
A． how the study was performed
B． what was recorded in the study
C． how long the study lasted
D． who took part in the study
（2）The word "prompt" in paragraph 6 probably means " "．
A． control
B． encourage
C． balance
D． change
（3）What can we learn from the passage？
A． Working memory influences white and grey matter in the brain．
B． Dr． Dadvand stressed the importance of changing the environment．
C． Studies proved the influence of greenness on populations outs of Spain．
D． Living in greener neighborhoods benefits children in brain development．
Hi, I’m Li Ping. I am 15 years old. I am pretty healthy. I like doing all kinds of sports, such as football, basketball, running and swimming. Every morning, I get up early and do exercise. I play basketball on Wednesdays and Saturdays with my friends every week. I do my homework every day. I like watching TV, but I can’t watch it every day on school nights. I only watch it on Saturday evening. I am neither fat nor thin. My eating habits are very good. I try to eat a little meat and lots of vegetables and fruit. And I never eat junk food.
Do you know me? I’m Zhao Hui, a 14-year-old student. I am a little fat. I like eating meat. I eat meat three or four times a week. I especially like eating junk food. I want to eat it every day, but my parents don’t allow me to eat it every day. I only eat it once or twice a week. I don’t like exercise at all. Sometimes, I swim with my friends because I like it. I know exercise is good for my health. From now on, I have to exercise every day. Both Li Ping and Zhao Hui like______.
| A．football | B．basketball |
| C．running | D．swimming |
How many times does Li Ping play basketball with her friends in a week?
| A．Once. | B．Twice. |
| C．Three times. | D．Four times. |
Li Ping likes eating lots of food except(除了)_______.
| A．junk food | B．meat |
| C．vegetables | D．fruit |
How often does Zhao Hui eat junk food?
| A．Every day. |
| B．Once or twice a week. |
| C．Twice or three times a week |
| D．Three or four times a week. |
From the passage, we know that_____.
| A．Li Ping is a little fat and she isn’t healthy |
| B．Zhao Hui likes sports and she is very healthy |
| C．exercise and good eating habits are good for health |
| D．meat isn’t good for our health and we can’t eat it |
任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面的短文，并完成短文后的任务。httpb1.com
Hello, friends! My name is Frank. I'm an American boy. I live in China now. I'm a middle school student. Do you want to know about my school life(生活)in China?
I go to school from Monday to Friday. School usually starts at eight o'clock in the morning. I have four classes ①________the morning and two in the afternoon. (A)At school, I have Chinese, math, English, science, music and many other（其他的） subjects. I like Chinese very much. It's difficult but interesting. (B) Music is my favorite subject. Because I can learn to play the violin and the drums in the music class. And I really like my music teacher, Mr. Liu. He is very kind. My favorite day is Wednesday. Do you know why? Yeah! Because I can have music ②_______ Wednesday morning.
My last class is ③______ four o’clock. After class, I don't have much homework. I can do lots of things I like. I join the art club and the swimming club. How do you like my school life in China?在文中①②③空格处填入适当的介词:
①_________ ②___________ ③__________将(A)处划线句子译成汉语.
__________________________________________________________写出(B)处划线句子的同义句。__________________________________________________________
How many classes does Frank have every school day?
__________________________________________________________What’s Frank’s favorite day? Why?
___________________________________________________
Mr Hand is busy every day. He has a big clothes store. He usually gets up at 6:00. After brushing his teeth, he does some running. He has breakfast at 6:30 and takes a bus to his store at 7:00. His clothes are cheap (便宜的). So many people go to his clothes to buy clothes. He usually has lunch at 11:30 in the store. For lunch, he usually eats burgers, salad or oranges. He gets home at about 19:00. He has dinner with his families —— his wife (妻子) Julia Brown and their daughter Nancy Hand. They like chicken, broccoli, salad and tomatoes. After dinner, he takes
a shower (淋浴). Then he watches TV. He goes to bed at 21:30.
阅读短文，判断正误。正确的填A，错误的填B。Mr Hand usually gets up at 6:30.
Many people buy clothes in his store because His clothes are cheap.
Mr Hand has lunch at 11:30 at home.
Mr Hand has dinner with his wife and daughter at home.
Mr Hand watches TV after he takes a shower.
Mr Clark goes to a dinner party in old clothes. He comes into the room, but the people in the room don’t look at him. They don’t ask him to sit at the table.
Mr Clark goes home and puts on (穿上) his good clothes. He goes back to the party. People in the room stands up and smiles at him. They give him very good food to eat.
Mr Clark takes off his clothes, and puts them in the food and say, “Eat, clothes!”
The other people ask, “What are you doing?”
He answers, “I’m asking my coat (外套) to eat food. When I am wearing my old clothes, you don’t look at me. You don’t ask me to sit down. Now I am in these clothes. And you give me very good food. Now I know, you give the food to my clothes, not to me!”
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。How does Mr Clark goes to the party at first?
| A．With his friends. | B．In old clothes. |
| C．With good food. | D．In good clothes. |
When Mr Clark comes to the party in good clothes, people ______.
| A．don’t know him |
| B．don’t look at him |
| C．don’t ask him to sit at the table |
| D．are good with him |
Mr Clark asks ______ to eat the food.
| A．his coat | B．his old clothes |
| C．his parents | D．the people |
“Takes off” means (意思是) ______ in Chinese.
| A．买下 | B．收起 |
| C．脱下 | D．拿走 |
From the story (故事), we know ______.
| A．Mr Clark takes some good food to the party |
| B．Mr Clark does not like the people at the party |
| C．The people at the party don’t know Mr Clark |
| D．Mr Clark was not good with the people at the party |
Mr. and Mrs. Smith come from Sydney(悉尼). They teach English in a middle school in China. They like their work. They have a son and a daughter, Jim and Sue. They are all in China now. Mr. Smith can speak Chinese. He likes swimming and reading. Mrs. Smith likes swimming in the afternoon and cooking(做饭). Jim and Sue like playing chess. They often play games with Chinese boys and girls.
Jim’s uncle, Green, works on a farm（在农场里）near Sydney.
He likes swimming, too. He wants to work in China. But he can’t speak Chinese. So he is still(仍然) there and goes to Chinese classes every week.Where are Jim and Sue from?
| A．America | B．Canada |
| C．Australia | D．China |
What does Mr. Smith like? He likes ____________.
A. cookingB. reading
C. playing games D playing chessWhat does Jim’s uncle like? He likes ____________.
| A．reading | B．playing games |
| C．swimming | D．cooking |
Where does Sue’s uncle work?
| A．On a farm | B．In a school. |
| C．In a club. | D．in China |
Who works in different countries（国家）now?
| A．Mr. and Mrs. Smith. | B．Mr. Smith and his uncle. |
| C．Mr. Smith and his brother. | D．Jim and Sue |