According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research，both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake．And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions （份），it's the beanpoleswith big appetites you really need to avoid．
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits，the researchers conducted two experiments．In the first，95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly （表面上）participate in a study about movie viewership．Before the film began，each woman was asked to help herself to a snack．An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first．In her natural state， the actor weighed 105 pounds． But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds．
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food．The participants followed suit，taking more food than they normally would have．However，they took significantly more when the actor was thin．
For the second test，in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls．In the other case，she took 30 pieces．The results were similar to the first test：the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces．
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions．If this fellow participant is going to eat more，so will I．Call it the "I'll have what she's having" effect．However，we'll adjust the influence．If an overweight person is having a large portion，I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits．But if a thin person eats a lot，I'll follow suit．If he can eat much and keep slim，why can't I？
（1）What is the recent study mainly about？
| A． |
Food safety． |
| B． |
Movie viewership． |
| C． |
Consumer demand． |
| D． |
Eating behavior． |
（2）What does the underlined word "beanpoles" in paragraph 1 refer to？
| A． |
Big eaters． |
| B． |
Overweight persons． |
| C． |
Picky eaters． |
| D． |
Tall thin persons． |
（3）Why did the researchers hire the actor？
| A． |
To see how she would affect the participants． |
| B． |
To test if the participants could recognize her． |
| C． |
To find out what she would do in the two tests． |
| D． |
To study why she could keep her weight down． |
（4）On what basis do we "adjust the influence" according to the last paragraph？
| A． |
How hungry we are． |
| B． |
How slim we want to be． |
| C． |
How we perceive others． |
| D． |
How we feel about the food． |
Richie Kraus thinks all kids should receive birthday presents. And he's willing to give up his own presents to make that happen.
When Richie was six, he helped collect holiday gifts for children whose families couldn't afford presents. He started thinking about how much he liked getting presents on his birthday. He asked his mom, "If we get kids presents during the holidays, who gets them presents on their birthdays?"
Richie wanted to raise money for those birthday presents. So his mom helped him create the 2U Fund. The name 2U came from the well-known song "Happy Birthday to You."
Richie explains how the fund works: "On our birthdays, we ask our friends to make a donation instead of giving us presents." Richie attaches a special sticker to his party invitations. The sticker tells about the 2U Fund and invites guests to participate, Richie and his mom then give the money to a local charity that has agreed to partner with them. The people at the charity make sure the donations go toward birthday presents for kids in need.
Richie has had three 2U parties. "It just feels really, really good to help other kids," he says.
Richie has encouraged others to try giving up some of their birthday presents to help others. His younger brother, Max, had a 2U party. Some of Richie's friends did, too. He also spoke about the idea at a summer camp and at a school assembly (集会). "There were close to 200 students and teachers in the assembly," Richie' s teacher, Janel McCormick, says. "They all wanted to help support 2U."
Since Richie and his family started the 2U Fund, dozens of kids have helped raise more than $7,000. That money has bought dolls, books, and many other birthday toys for kids in need.
Before Richie created the 2U Fund, he .
| A．had very few friends |
| B．had done some charity work |
| C．had seldom received birthday presents |
| D．had already donated some birthday presents |
To help kids in need, Richie' s 2U parties mainly .
| A．hold birthday parties for them |
| B．invite them to attend the parties |
| C．prepare birthday presents for them |
| D．raise money for their birthday presents |
What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
| A．All of Richie' s schoolmates plan to hold 2U parties. |
| B．Richie is praised for his kindness. |
| C．Richie' s acts of kindness have spread. |
| D．Richie has made more friends. |
The day before yesterday, when Peter’s family were having dinner, Father raised an interesting question, “Was there anything in our past that we feel ashamed of, guilty about, or regretted? Maybe we can find ways to say sorry, or take some action to right any wrong doing.” This seemed like a very private matter, but Peter thought about it carefully the whole night.
Peter remembered an incident from middle school. In his school, there was a worker, Neil Stone, who none of the kids liked. One night, Peter and two of his classmates decided to play a trick on him. They found a can of red paint, and wrote on the school main road in bright red: Neil Stone is a fool! The next day, the whole school saw these words. Within two hours, Neil had Peter and his two classmates in his office. His classmates said that they had done it but Peter lied, denying the truth. No one ever talked about it.
This morning, Peter went back to his middle school. Neil Stone is still working there. “Sorry, Neil. Do you still remember what happened ten years ago? I want you to know that I did it.” “I knew it!’ Neil laughed. They had a good laugh and a lively discussion. Neil’s closing words were: “Peter, I always felt bad for you because your classmates got it off their mind, and I knew you were carrying it around all these years. I want to thank you for visiting me… for your sake.”
Peter knows that no matter how difficult the situation is, it is never too late to clear up the past and make a fresh start.What did Peter remember doing in middle school?
| A．Something fantastic. | B．Something unpleasant. |
| C．Something valuable. | D．Something useful. |
What color were the words “Neil Stone is a fool!”?
| A．Dark blue | B．Light green. |
| C．Pure white. | D．Bright red. |
What does the underlined word “denying” mean?
| A．夸大 | B．赞同 | C．否认 | D．承认 |
When did Neil know who wrote the words on the school main road?
| A．Ten years ago. | B．The day before yesterday. |
| C．This morning. | D．Not until Peter told him. |
What is the best title for this passage?
| A．Peter’s story. | B．An unforgettable lesson. |
| C．It’s never too late. | D．Every dog has its day. |
One of the most important things in the world is friendship. In order to have friends, you have to be a friend. But how can you be a good friend at school?
Listen — Listen when they are talking. Don’t say anything unless they ask you a question. Sometimes it’s not necessary for you to have anything to say; they just need someone to talk to about their feelings.
Help them — If your friend is ever in need of something, be there to help them. You should try to put them first, but make sure you don’t do everything they want you to do. Try to take an extra (额外的) pencil or pen with you to classes in case (以防) they forget one. Have a little extra money in your pocket in case they forget something they need.
Be there for them — Try to make something for your friend to help make them feel better in hard times. Making cards and encouraging them are among the nicest things you can do for a friend. Marilyn Monroe, a famous U.S. actor, once said, “I often make mistakes. Sometimes I am out of control. But if you can’t stay with me at my worst, you are sure not to deserve (值得) to be with me at my best.” Always remember this! If you don’t want to stay with your friends when they’re in hard times, then you don’t deserve to be with them when they’re having a good time!
______ — Try to make plans with your friends. Go shopping, go for ice cream, have a party, go to a movie and so on. Take time to know each other even better by doing something you both enjoy. By planning things together, you both can have a good time. And you’ll remember these things when you’re all old! While your friend is talking to you about his or her feelings, you should _____.
| A．give him or her some advice |
| B．just listen unless asked |
| C．calm him or her down |
| D．share your feelings as well |
When we provide help for our friends, we should _____.
| A．try to do everything for them |
| B．put them before ourselves |
| C．change their bad habits first |
| D．ignore their faults |
What can we learn from Marilyn Monroe’s words?
| A．Life without a friend is death. |
| B．A friend is easier lost than found. |
| C．A friend in need is a friend indeed. |
| D．A man is known by his friends. |
Which of the following can be put in the blank of the last paragraph?
| A．Make plans. |
| B．Enjoy yourself. |
| C．Understand your friends. |
| D．Play with your friends. |
What is the passage mainly about?
| A．How to find a good friend. |
| B．How to help friends in trouble. |
| C．How to be a good friend. |
| D．How to make more friends. |
One day an ant was drinking at a small stream and fell in. She made desperate(拼死的) efforts to reach the side, but made no progress at all. The poor ant almost exhausted(精疲力竭的) was still bravely doing her best. when a dove saw her. Moved with pity, the bird threw her a blade of grass, which supported her like a raft, and thus the ant reached the bank again. While she was resting and drying herself in the grass, she heard a man come near. He was walking along barefooted with a gun in his hand. As soon as he saw the dove, he wished to kill it. He would certainly have done so, but the ant bit him in the foot just as he raised his gun to fire. He stopped to see what had bit him, and the dove immediately flew away. It was an animal much weaker and smaller than herself that had saved her life. The ant could not reach the side though _______.
| A．she cried for help |
| B．she asked the dove to save her |
| C．she tried very hard |
| D．she could smell well |
The dove saved the ant because _______.
| A．she was the ant's friend |
| B．she took pity on the poor ant |
| C．the ant was almost exhausted |
| D．the ant had been struggled in the water for a long time |
The ant succeeded in getting on the bank with the help of _______.
| A．a leaf | B．a piece of wood |
| C．a blade of grass | D．a raft |
Just as the man shot at the dove, _______.
| A．the dove immediately flew away |
| B．the dove hid himself in the grass |
| C．the ant told the dove to leave at once |
| D．he felt something biting him in the foot |
In writing the story, the writer wants to show _______.
| A．how clever the ant was |
| B．how kind the dove was |
| C．how the ant and the dove helped each other |
| D．we often need help from others, therefore we should help others as much as we can |
What is an Oyster card?
Oyster is the easiest way to pay for journeys on the bus，Tube，tram，Docklands light Railway (DLR)，London Overground and National Rail journeys in London You can store your travel cards, Bus & Tram Pass，season tickets and credit to pay for journeys as you go.
Where to get an Oyster card?
There are a number of ways for you to get an Oyster card ：
• At over 3,900 Oyster Ticket stops
• At Tube and London Overground station ticket offices
• At some National Rail stations
• At London Travel information Centres
• Online at tfl. gov. uk/oyster
How to use an Oyster card?
To pay the correct fare on the Tube，DLR，London Overground and National Rail services，you must always touch in on the yellow Oyster card reader at the start of your journey，and touch out at the end. if you don’t, a maximum cash Oyster fare will be changed When using the bus or tram, you must only touch in at the start, but not at the end of your journey.
What happens if I don’t visit London very often?
Don’t worry. Any pay as you go credit on your card will not expire (过期)，so you can keep it for your next visit or lend it to a friend.
Fares
Traveling by Tube from Central London (Zone l)to Heathrow (Zone 6)
Adult Oyster single fare
£ 4. 20 Monday to Friday 06:30 - 09:30 and 16:00一19:00
£ 2. 70 at all other times including public holidays
Adult single cash fare £ 5.00
For further information，visit tfL.gov. uk /fares.You can get an Oyster card at the following places EXCEPT_____
| A．at a post office | B．at an Oyster Ticket stop |
| C．on the website | D．at a Tube station |
If a person with an Oyster card takes the 7 o’clock Tube from Central London to Heathrow for a week (no public holiday in between)，he should pay_____.
| A．£ 18.90 | B．£ 29.40 | C．£ 26.40 | D．£ 21.90 |
The passage is probably taken from a_______
| A．journal | B．travel brochure | C．textbook | D．novel |