The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a
person's needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some
traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and
suddenly stops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
What does the author say about silence in conversations?
| A． |
It implies anger. |
| B． |
It promotes friendship. |
| C． |
It is culture-specific. |
| D． |
It is content-based. |
Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?
| A． |
The Chinese. |
| B． |
The French. |
| C． |
The Mexicans. |
| D． |
The Russians. |
What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?
| A． |
Let it continue as the patient pleases. |
| B． |
Break it while treating patients. |
| C． |
Evaluate its harm to patients. |
| D． |
Make use of its healing effects. |
What may be the best title for the text?
| A． |
Sound and Silence |
| B． |
What It Means to Be Silent |
| C． |
Silence to Native Americans |
| D． |
Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold |
There are two kinds of physical activity which require special training. The first demands exact careful movements of the muscles. This kind of activity must be strictly controlled because even a slight movement in the wrong direction will lead a mistake. To type quickly, for example, a person needs training; the slightest movement of a finger in the wrong direction may cause a spelling mistake. A dancer who has to dance on the point of her shoes or turn around on one foot must be trained for a long period of time before she can sense her own center and balance herself. You may have seen a girl walking on a rope across an empty space, which, too, requires a lot of practice.
The second kind of physical activity needs greater strength or extra effort. Most of us get tired if we try to run half a mile without stopping, but a specially-trained person can do this without much effort. Three years ago, some scientists carried out experiments, which produced meaningful and unexpected results. They wanted to find out whether a certain amount of physical exercise would injure those suffering from heart problems. They selected some male patients and trained them in continuous bicycle riding. They were surprised to find that the harmful effect of given amount of physical effort was actually less on the hearts of these trained patients than on those of the patients who were not similarly trained. This is important because it shows that regular physical exercise enables us to make better use of the oxygen we breathe in and that this training, in fact, reduces the amount of work our hearts do. Many tasks which are hard for untrained people are not hard at all for trained people.The first kind of physical activity must be strictly controlled because _________.
| A．a mistake in the wrong direction is dangerous to the fingers |
| B．a wrong movement in a direction will cause no mistakes |
| C．a movement in the wrong direction will cause a mistake |
| D．a slight movement of a finger will lead to a mistake |
What must a dancer do before she can balance herself?
| A．She must dance on the point of her shoes. |
| B．She must receive long-time training. |
| C．She must turn around on one foot. |
| D．She must perform again and again. |
The experiments done by some scientists showed that ________.
| A．some male patients were asked to ride bicycles regularly in the experiments |
| B．the physical exercise had more harmful effect on the hearts of the untrained patients |
| C．the physical exercise was harmless to the male patients with heart trouble |
| D．the physical exercise could be helpful for the patients to take in more oxygen |
What would be the best title for this text?
| A．Training Our Bodies | B．Physical Activities |
| C．Movement Training | D．Extra Body Effort |
You might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the world’s temperature But rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation（撤离）of an island nation—the citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.
During the 20th century , sea level rose 8—12 inches. As a result ,Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of salt water which has polluted the country’s drinking water.
Paani Laupepa , a Tuvaluan government official ,reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years .Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.
Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions（导致温室效应的气体排放）,which are a main cause of global warming . “By refusing to sign the agreement ,the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live where their forefathers have lived for thousands of years,” Laupepa told the BBC.
Tuvalu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both countries .
Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable （易受影响的）to rising sea levels .Maumoon Gayoon ,president of the Maldives ,told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an “endangered nation”. The text is mainly about .
| A．rapid changes in earth’s temperature |
| B．bad effects of global warming |
| C．moving of a country to a new place |
| D．reasons for lowland flooding |
According to scientists ,the direct cause of more and fiercer storms is .
| A．greenhouse gas emissions in industrialized nations |
| B．higher surface water temperatures of the sea |
| C．continuous global warming |
| D．rising sea levels |
Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not .
| A．agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions |
| B．sign an agreement with Tuvalu |
| C．allow Tuvaluans to move to the US |
| D．believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real |
The country whose situation is similar to that of Tuvalu is .
| A．Australia | B．New Zealand | C．the Maldives | D．the United States |
Welcome to Adventureland!
Everyone loves Adventureland! The Parks and Exhibitions were built for you to explore, enjoy, and admire their wonders. Every visit will be an unforgettable experience. You will go away enriched, longing to come back. What are you going to do this time?
The Travel Pavilion
Explore places you have never been to before, and experience different ways of life.
Visit the Amazon jungle village, the Turkish market, the Tai floating market, the Berber mountain house and others. Talk to the people there who will tell you about their lives, and things they make. You can try making a carpet, making nets, fishing…
The Future Tower
This exhibition shows how progress will touch our lives. It allows us to look into the future and explore the cities of the next century and the way we’ll be living then. Spend some time in our space station and climb into our simulator(模拟装置)for the Journey to Mars!
The Nature Park
This is not really one park but several.
In the Safari Park you can drive among African animals in one of our Range Cruisers: see lions, giraffes, elephants in the wild. Move on to the Ocean Park to watch the dolphins and whales. And then there is still the Aviary to see…
The Pyramid
This is the center of Adventureland. Run out of film, need some postcards and stamps? For all these things and many more, visit our underground shopping center. Come here for information and ideas too.The Travel Pavilion is built to help visitors _______.
| A．realize the importance of travelling |
| B．become familiar with mountain countries |
| C．learn how to make things such as fishing nets |
| D．learn something about different places in the world |
If you are interested in knowing about what people’s life will be, you may visit _______.
| A．the Travel Pavilion | B．the Future Tower |
| C．the Safari Park | D．the Pyramid |
If you want to get a toy lion to take home, where will you most likely go?
| A．The Pyramid. | B．The Nature Park. |
| C．The Future Tower. | D．The Travel Parvilion. |
It is normal for parents to question their children's hairstyle or the clothes they wear. But today teenagers and their parents argue over something else: money.
Children are spending lots of it. Parents used to say to their children, "You're wearing that?" Now they say, "You paid how much for that?"
Children in the US today spend five times more money than their parents did when they were young.
So what are all these children buying? The list is long: ipods trainers(训练鞋), cellphones and jeans are typical items that children "have to" buy. And they will do anything to get them. They ask their parents over and over until they buy them.
But parents also need to take the blame for spending so much money. They want their children to have the best stuff. They end up competing with other parents over what their children have.
So no wonder children find it hard to learn the importance of saving money rather than spending it all the time.
And it's hard to save when companies use advertising and clever slogans to encourage young people to buy their products. They even encourage children to keep asking their parents for something until they get it.
Today, you don't even need to have money in order to buy something. Banks give out credit cards and loans all the time so people are saving less and less. We are used to there being lots of money around. And if you don't have much you can always borrow some.
But this hasn't always been the case. When our grandparents were young there was very little money and everyone had to save hard for things they bought. They only bought things they needed, not things they just wanted.
The older generation made the wise expression, "Money doesn’t grow on trees." This is as true now as it was 50 years ago. They give money a great deal of value. And we all have a lot to learn from them.The text mainly tells us ________.
| A．divisions between teenagers and their parents |
| B．children's high consumption (消费) of products |
| C．what is popular among children at the moment |
| D．how to spend money wisely |
Parents are to blame for children's spending a lot of money because ________.
| A．they encourage children to care about the latest fashion |
| B．their consumption habits set a bad example for children |
| C．they always give children too much pocket money |
| D．they do nothing to help children establish healthy consumption habits |
Nowadays people find it hard to save money because of all of the following reasons EXCEPT that ________.
| A．banks provide credit cards and loans |
| B．advertisements draw people’s attention to new products |
| C．people have more money than in the past and saving is out of date |
| D．people's living standard has improved and they can buy what they want |
The saying "Money doesn't grow on trees." in the last paragraph is intended to tell us that ________.
| A．the older generation understood how to teach children to save |
| B．in the past, people attached more importance to saving money |
| C．money has a great deal of value |
| D．money is not easily earned and people should be careful spending it |
Key West, Florida is a wonderful place to spend a vacation. It is a truly charming and fun city for the whole family. And of course you will get the good weather of Florida, with which you have plenty of time to enjoy the outdoor activities.
Key West is the most southern city in the continental USA. That is why their sunsets are so amazing. The sun is brighter there at sunset than anywhere else. It’s so beautiful that everyone gathers every evening at Mallory Dock to watch it. And there you will see jugglers (玩杂耍的人) and musicians entertaining in the streets.
The houses surrounded by trees and flowers are lovely in Key West, and many are restored and absolutely charming. There are too many hotels, inns, guest houses and restaurants to talk about. They all look great and their prices change according to seasons, and you can find something to suit every pocketbook and every taste.
At the seaport you will see various boats. It’s very interesting. The city is rich in history and was home to Ernest Hemingway. Harry Truman chose it for his winter White House. There are so many public transportation—taxis, tour trains, trolleys, bikes—and you can even walk if you choose. There are beautiful coral reefs. The deep reefs are farther off shore and are best visited with an experienced guide. However, there are shallow reefs close in where snorkelers (潜水者) can explore to their heart’s content. At Key West Marine Park you can do some good snorkeling. In Key West you can go diving, fishing and do all sorts of water sports.
The problem with Key West is that no one ever wants to leave. Be sure to take your camera with you because you will want to snap (拍摄) everything you see. And whatever you do, be sure to take in the sunset because it is nothing like anything you have ever seen.What will certainly happen when visitors come to Key West?
| A．They are sure to have trouble finding a suitable restaurant. |
| B．They are sure to watch the sunset in the evening. |
| C．They are sure to take your trains. |
| D．They are sure to come across storms. |
What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Key West lies in the north of the continental USA.
B. Private cars can be seen here and there in Key West.
C. Visitors can do all kinds of water sports in Key West.
D. The environment of Key West is very beautiful.From the last paragraph we know that __________.
| A．there are many problems in travelling in Key West. |
| B．everything in Key West is worth taking photos. |
| C．every traveler wants to leave Key West as soon as possible. |
| D．one can visit deep reefs alone in Key West. |
What would be the best title for the text?
| A．Key West, Florida: A great vacation city |
| B．Key West, Florida: A charming and fun city |
| C．Key West, Florida: A beautiful sunset |
| D．Key West, Florida: A most southern city |