Scientists say they've developed a new system （系统）.It can use"machine learning" to predict when and where lightning （闪电）will strike （闪击）.The research was led by engineers from Switzerland.
European researchers have estimated （ 估算）between 6，000 and 24，000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year.The strikes can also cause power cuts，destroy houses and start forest fires.For these reasons，some climate scientists have studied to develop methods to predict and control lightning.But no system has been created to effectively predict lightning.
The new system is being tested in the experiments （实验）.It used a combination of data （数据资料）from weather stations and machine learning methods.The researchers developed a prediction model.It was trained to tell weather conditions that were possible to cause lightning.
The model was created with some data.The data was collected over a 12﹣year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas.The data related to（与……有关）four main surface conditions：air pressure，air temperature，relative humidity （相对湿度）and wind speed.
The atmospheric （大气的）data was put into a machine learning algorithm （计算程序），which compared itto records of lightning strikes.Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.
Amirhossein Mostajabi is a PhD student who led the development of the new system.He said，"Common systems for collecting such data are slow and complex，and they require expensive collection equipment （设备）like radar or satellites （卫星）."
"Our system uses data that can be gotten from any weather station，"Mostajabi said. "This will improve data collection in the areas which are not covered by radar and satellites or in places where communication systems have been cut，" he added.
（1）According to the passage，the strikes can't cause .
| A． |
power cuts |
| B． |
earthquakes |
| C． |
forest fires |
| D． |
the death of people |
（2）What does the underlined word"it" refer to in Paragraph 5？
| A． |
The lightning strike. |
| B． |
The system being tested. |
| C． |
The machine learning algorithm. |
| D． |
The atmospheric data. |
（3）What do the last two paragraphs mainly tell us？
| A． |
Where weather stations should be built. |
| B． |
How the machine learning algorithm works. |
| C． |
The advantages of the new system in data collection. |
| D． |
The new system has effectively predicted lightning in faraway areas. |
（4）Which of the following statements about the new system is TRUE？
| A． |
Its prediction model has been tested for 12 years. |
| B． |
It has been put into use in cities and mountain areas widely. |
| C． |
The new system requires expensive collection equipment to collect data. |
| D． |
It uses machine learning to predict the time and places of lightning strikes. |
Spring is an inviting season for outdoor activities. But be careful—the warm weather is also a hotbed for viruses(病毒) and disease.
This March, the influenza(流行性感冒) A(H7N9) virus hit Shanghai, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. It was reported that by April 11 at least 35 people had been infected (被感染的) with the H7N9 virus, and nine of them had died.
The influenza A (H7N9) virus is one type of influenza A H7 viruses. Influenza A H7 viruses normally spread among birds.
This is the first time human infections with H7N9 viruses have been reported in China. Earlier reports were about H5N1 and H1N1.
All the three viruses are influenza A viruses but they are not the same. H7N9 and H5N1 are animal influenza viruses that could infect people. However, H1N1 viruses can be divided into two groups. One group can normally infect people and the other normally infects animals. Also, H1N1 can spread from human to human, but H7N9 probably can’t, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
Most people infected with H7N9 looked like they had the common flu. Some people had bad pneumonia(肺炎). They suffered from a fever, a cough and shortness of breath.
But don’t be afraid – it is not easy to be infected with the virus. One of the possible reasons is close contact with sick poultry (家禽) waste. People may also be infected through breath, according to National Health and Family Planning Commission.
Here are some tips from the WHO that can protect you from being infected.
Wash your hands with soap and running water before you eat, after you use the toilet, and after touching animals or animal waste.
When coughing or sneezing cover your mouth and nose with a mask(口罩)，tissue(纸巾) or a sleeve.
Get a good rest and do exercises, which will help make your body strong enough to stand up to the virus.What’s the name of the influenza virus that hit Shanghai, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang this March?
| A．It is the H7N9 virus. | B．It is the H5N1 virus. |
| C．It is the H1N1 virus. | D．It is A H7 virus. |
How many people had died by April 11according to the report?
| A．About 35. | B．About 9. |
| C．About 44. | D．Nobody had died. |
What’s the Chinese meaning for “stand up to” in the last paragraph?
| A．起立 | B．站着 | C．抵抗 | D．向上 |
Which is NOT true about protecting us from being infected by animal influenza viruses?
| A．Wash our hands with soap and running water before we eat, after we use the toilet, and after touching animals or animal waste. |
| B．When we cough or sneeze we should cover our mouths and noses with a mask，tissue or a sleeve. |
| C．We should get a good rest and do exercises to make our bodies strong enough. |
| D．We should try to eat much and sleep much as possible as we can. |
Do you feel lonely when your best friend isn’t around? Here’s our advice to you-- and to all kids who feel lonely sometimes.
It’ s hard when a best friend isn’t around—maybe because he or she moved to a different school or a different class. You may feel left out at break or lunchtime. You want to have new friends, but how do you make them? Maybe it seems like everybody else already has his or her friends. But remember, there’s always room for more friends.
Start by looking around your classroom—think about which kids you’d like to play with at break. Look for chances to say hi to them, smile, and be friendly. Offer to share something or express your appreciation (欣赏) to them. Invite someone to play with you or say “Do you want to sit here?” in the lunchroom. When you’re at break, walk over to kids you want to play with, act friendly, and say “Hi, can I play, too?” or just join in.
If you have trouble doing this or if you’re feeling shy, ask your teacher to help you make new friends. Teachers are usually pretty good at matching up friends. The best way to make friends is to be a friend. Be kind, be friendly, share, say nice things, offer to help—and pretty soon, you’ll have one, or two, or even more new friends.
You might still miss that special best friend. But when you see each other, you can share something you didn’t have before he or she left: You can introduce him or her to your new friends!Which of the following can explain the expression “feel left out”?
| A．Feel homesick. | B．Feel lonely. |
| C．Leave home alone. | D．Be hungry. |
According to the writer, some kids feel lonely at break because they.
| A．have trouble with their studies |
| B．don’t have their best friends around |
| C．need their parents to be with them |
| D．are too young to look after themselves |
The underline word “this” in Paragraph 4 means.
| A．sharing your ideas |
| B．talking in front of many people |
| C．studying better at school |
| D．developing new friendship |
Some kids need help from teachers to make friends because.
| A．they miss their old friends a lot |
| B．they have no time to stay with others |
| C．teachers know who wants a new friend |
| D．they are shy or not good at making friends |
In some science fiction movies, evil robots refuse to die, no matter how hard people fight back.
Now science fiction has become science fact. For the first time, scientists have made a robot that can take a beating(挨打) and keep on going. Scientists from Cornell University made the robot, which looks like a spider with four legs.
Until now, even the most advanced(先进的) robot was almost certain to break down when it was damaged(毁坏). That is because its computer inside simply doesn’t know how to make the machine work after its shape has changed.
To deal with this problem, the scientists put eight motors(发动机) and two sensors(传感器) that read how the machine is working. They all give signals to the machine’s software. Using this information, the computer can then figure out the machine’s shape at any moment.
The new technology is a big advance in robot-making, scientists say, and it’s far from scary. It may someday help scientists create better artificial(假的) arms and legs and give new freedom to people who lose them. It might also help scientists understand how people and animals figure out their own sense of place in space.
“It has been difficult to design robots that can work well when the environment changes or when it’s damaged,” says Olaf Sporns of Indiana University in US. “With this work, we are nearer to solving this problem.”Why do robots easily break down when they are damaged?
| A．They cannot repair themselves. |
| B．The computer has changed a lot. |
| C．They have no computers inside. |
| D．The computer cannot work if the robot changes |
The new technology allows the robot to.
| A．do housework for humans |
| B．keep working after being damaged |
| C．remember a lot of information |
| D．tell people where it is |
The underline word “them” in Paragraph 5 refers to.
| A．sensors | B．robots | C．arms and legs | D．scientists |
How do the sensors in the robot work?
| A．They can replace the computer when it’s broken. |
| B．They can find out where the damage comes from. |
| C．They help the computer learn the robot’s condition. |
| D．They can send signals to the person who uses the robot. |
阅读短文，回答问题 （共5小题，每题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，按要求完成相关任务。
It is said that more than four million people die each year from smoking. The number is frightening.
Yet people around the world continue to smoke. In the USA, about forty-seven-million adults smoke. This year, more than 430,000 Americans died of diseases which have something to do with smoking. The American Cancer Society (美国癌症协会) says smoking harms the body greatly. It warns that smoking even a number of cigarettes is dangerous.
(71) 戒烟是不容易的 However, doctors say you probably will live longer if you do stop smoking. You will feel better and look better. You also will protect the health of family member who breathe your smoke.
There is not one right way to stop smoking, doctors say. Anyway can help. You can take long walks or spend time in places where smoking is not allowed. Also, you can eat a small piece of fruit or vegetable instead of having a cigarette. (72) The sooner you stop smoking, the more you’ll reduce(减少) your chances of getting cancer and other diseases.
Stop smoking before smoking stops you!How many people die from smoking each year?
What does the American Cancer Society say about smoking?
将文中划线汉语译成英语。
将文中划线英语译成汉语。
Give the title of the passage.
阅读短文，根据所读内容在短文后图表中的空格里填入一个恰当的单词
Trees should be pruned(修剪)when it is necessary. A good gardener will cut away the overgrown and unwanted branches(树枝). They can make the trees more beautiful and healthier. But sometimes we’d better leave the trees to grow in their own way. Because the inexperienced gardeners will damage(毁坏) the trees.
First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees in good shape or size. Maybe people want to get a tree of the right height and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches. Then people can make the tree’s appearance thick or give it a special shape.
Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut out diseased or dead branches. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up (封闭)the center and so stopping the free movement of air.
One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy chance for disease, but the wound will heal(愈合). Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is in danger. Every gardener should try to reduce that danger of death as soon as possible. It is important to make the area, which has been pruned, smooth and clean, because healing will be slowed down by roughness(粗糙). You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then pain it with one of the special materials. Pruning is usually done in winter, because you can see the shape of the tree clearly and also it is very unlikely(未必的) that the cuts you make will bleed. If this happens, it is impossible to paint them properly(合适地).
| Pruning trees |
|
| A good gardener prunes a tree when it is【小题1】 |
|
| 【小题2】for pruning trees |
First, make the trees in 【小题3】shape or size. |
| Second, make the trees【小题4】 |
|
| One【小题5】of pruning trees. |
An open wound 【小题6】easy【小题7】for disease. |
| Reduce the danger of the tree’s death |
Make the wound【小题8】and clean. |
| The 【小题9】of the death of a tree |
Paint the wound 【小题10】it dries. |