Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir（回忆录）of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education.
Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.
Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work. In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.
Tyler became well-known nationality in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.
Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent（独立的）spirit in their work.
Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives（目标）that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools. 68. Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler’s memoir?
A. Top managers. B. Language learners.
C. Serious educators. D. Science organizations.
69. The words “hooked oh teaching” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean ________.
A. attracted to teaching B. tired of teaching
C. satisfied with teaching D. unhappy about teaching
70. Where did Tyler work as the leader of a research center for over 10 years?
A. The University of Chicago. B. Stanford University.
C. Ohio State University. D. Nebraska University.
Some wonderfully creative uses of X-rays have been in the world of art．But the most impressive one is to uncover what has been covered up．Details unfolded by an X-ray of a painting can ' t be seen any other way．For example, in the past, paintings were often repaired if small pieces of paint fell off the canvas （帆布）． These repairs cannot be seen just by looking at the painting．It takes an X-ray to discover where the repairs have been made．
An X-ray of a painting is one of the best ways to tell if it was created by a famous painter or if it is a forgery（赝品）．If there is a question as to whether an old master has painted a certain painting or not, X-rays are made and compared to those of paintings that are known to be original．If the brushstrokes （笔迹） , for example, are shown to be totally different than in other work done by a certain artist, then the painting is proved to be a fake copy．
Since modern paints are usually made from different materials than paints of hundreds of years ago, the image they leave on an X-ray film looks different．This is another way X-rays can be used to spot a forgery．A modem artist will try to make a forgery look hundreds of years old by painting dirty varnish on it or by using artificial means to get the varnish to look cracked．To the naked eye the forgery may look old, but when a careful study of the X-ray image is made, the deception is obvious．
It was common many years ago for an artist to finish a painting, decide it wasn't any good, and paint a completely different picture on top of it．Or artists would paint over others' work —it was their version of recycling．Taking an X-ray is the only way to find out if there is a picture underneath the picture you see with your eyes．Sometimes museums will be more interested in the painting beneath than the one on top, and will restore the older one by having the top layer painstakingly removed．What is the main purpose of the article?
| A．To provide information to police who are looking for stolen art． |
| B．To persuade art dealers to check for fake copies before selling art． |
| C．To explain how modern technology can be applied in unique ways． |
| D．To help artists restore damaged artwork to its original appearance． |
According to the passage，X-rays are used to ______．
| A．make repairs on paintings in the past |
| B．identify the authenticity of an artwork |
| C．change the materials of a forgery |
| D．remove the recyclable paints |
In Paragraph 3, the word "deception" probably means ______．
| A．comparison | B．drawback | C．trickery | D．judgement |
Which is the best title for the passage?
| A．X-ray Detectives |
| B．Creative Uses of Technology |
| C．Forgery Studies |
| D．X-ray Painting Techniques |
Unlike many surfers who sought the perfect wave, my interests always lay beneath the sea' s surface in a world I could only imagine and dream of．When I was twelve, I made my first adventures in the deep．Later I would learn how to dive, expanding my world of exploration many times over．
Perhaps the greatest turning point in my life came when I was in high school and I wrote a letter to the famous Scripps Oceanographic Institution, asking how I might learn more about the sea．A kind scientist answered my letter and told me how to apply to Scripps for a summer scholarship, which I received．During one of their courses that summer, I met Dr．Robert Norris, a marine geologist．He loved the sea almost as much as I did．Soon he suggested I consider his school, the University of California, for my study．One year later I became a member of the freshman class．
Now my love affair with the sea became a serious endeavor（艰苦的努力）．If I wanted to be an undersea explorer, I needed to learn as much as I could about the laws of the physical world that controlled the environment I wanted to enter．The undersea world is not our natural world．It is unforgiving to those who make mistakes．At its greatest depths the water temperature is near freezing, the pressure is eight tons per square inch, and it is totally dark．It is easy to get lost in such a world．I needed to learn a lot about geography, navigation, geology, biology, and many other things．
I decided another important thing for me to do was to join the U．S．Navy．If I was going to be an undersea explorer, I would have to lead men and women on dangerous adventures where they might get hurt, and I didn't want that to happen．
In the Navy I learned discipline, organization, and how to motivate and lead people on adventures so that we could explore the wonders of the deep．
Finally, the time came to put all that I had learned to use, to go forth with a team of men and women and explore an adventure I am still on and hope to be on for many years to come．What happened to the author at the age of twelve?
| A．He dreamed about undersea exploration． |
| B．He began to swim under the deep water． |
| C．He surfed on big waves for the first time． |
| D．He learned to dive off the cliffs． |
In college, the author took many different types of courses because he
| A．was told it was easy to get lost in exploration |
| B．was advised to take them by Dr．Robert Norris |
| C．thought they were needed to fully understand the ocean |
| D．believed it would help him succeed in the Navy |
The author joined the Navy to ______．
| A．develop his leadership skills |
| B．get along with people under stress |
| C．learn about the dangers of the ocean |
| D．gather specific information about ocean life |
Which word can best describe the author?
| A．Imaginative． | B．Optimistic． | C．Independent． | D．Ambitious． |
Travis laughed as he tore at the wrapping paper on his birthday present．He was so 16 ! Finally, he would have the coolest pair of name-brand basketball shoes．
All the guys on his team were wearing the name-brand shoes of a popular basketball17 , Chuck Hart． 18 Hart was criticized for his poor sportsmanship（运动员风范） and infamous（臭名远扬的） 19 , he was a great player．In fact, Travis wasn't thinking about Hart' s behavior; he had only expected to see Hart' s 20 on the side of the box．The first indication that something was 21 came as he tore away the last piece of paper．Not Hart' s．The new shoes were the name-brand of another player, Robert Ryann, who was 22 for his amazing work in the community．
Travis's hands 23 ; his heart stopped．It wasn't that the Ryann shoes weren't nice, but what would his friends think ?
They were the wrong shoes and Travis would be 24 by the other players． When he looked up into his dad' s eyes, however, Travis knew he 25 tell him． "'Thanks, Dad．I was really hoping for shoes," Travis said as he pulled the shoes out of the box．
Next morning his dad drove him to school．When they 26 in front of his destination, Travis slowly opened the car door．Just then, his dad stopped him．
"Hey, Travis, wait a minute, look"…" his dad said 27 "Travis, I know those aren' t the shoes you had hoped for, but I saw the names of the two guys and made a（n） 28 The guy whose name is on those shoes," he said, pointing down at Travis’s feet, "is someone I 29 .Do you know how often Ryann has found himself in 30 ?"
"No," Travis said．
" Never．He' s never talked back to his coach or started a fight, and he' s a team player．You could have acted like a 31 when you didn't get the shoes you wanted, Travis, 32 you were polite and made the best of it．You have 33 , like the guy whose name is on these shoes．I' m hoping that someday, your name will be on the coolest pair of shoes I' 11 ever see．"
When Travis looked down at his feet, he saw the shoes 34 . His dad had used his mind and heart to give the son a thoughtful 35 .
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根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer.
___1___ Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, and scream and yell. But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger.
For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person’s health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hormones (荷尔蒙). They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etc. ___2___
Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure.
___3___ They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, “___4___ Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.”
Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. ___5___
| A．In general the person feels excited and ready to act. |
| B．They said that laughter is much healthier than anger. |
| C．Expressing anger violently is more harmful than repressing it. |
| D．Do not express your anger while angry. |
E. Anger may cause you a cancer.
F. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.
G. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger.