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Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes in contact with them. Their values—this can’t be repeated too often—are not necessarily our values. Physical comfort, cleanness and order are not necessarily the most important things. The social services from time to time find themselves faced with a flat with decaying food covered by small worms, and an old person lying alone in bed, taking no notice of the worms. But is it interfering(干涉) with personal freedom to insist that they go to live with some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care of? Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old.
Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The body is like a car, it needs more mechanical maintenance(机械维修,保养) as it gets older. You can carry this comparison right through to the provision of spare parts. But never forget that such operations are painful experiences, however good the results will be. And at what point should you stop to treat the old body? Is it morally right to try to push off death by seeking the development of drugs to excite the forgetful old mind and to activate the old body, knowing that it is designed to die? You can’t ask doctors or scientists to decide, because so long as they can see the technical opportunities, they will feel bound to give them a try, on the principle that while there’s life, there’s hope.
When you talk to the old people, however, you are forced to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than it does on your ability to have fun.
1. What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. The values are different between the old and the young.  B. The moral problems raised by old people.
C. The personal freedom for the old.                    D. Old people’s viewpoint on life.
2. We can know from the first paragraph that________.
A. Very old people would like to live alone to have more personal freedom.
B. Very old people are able to keep their room clean.
C. Very old people like to live with their children.
D. Social services have nothing to do with very old people.
3. According to the author, which of the following is right?
A. The older a person, the more care he needs.  B. Too much emphasis has been put on old people’s values.
C. The human body can’t be compared to a car.  D. It is easy to provide spare parts for old people.
4.The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to “________”.
A. their money or their health          B. the conclusion you come to
C. your talk to the old people         D. whether age is happy or unpleasant

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You might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the world’s temperature. But rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation of an island nation. The citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.
During the 20th century, sea level rose 8~12 inches. As a result, Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of salt water that has polluted the country’s drinking water.
Paani Laupepa, a Tuvaluan government official, reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years. Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.
Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions(导致温室效应的气体排放),which are a main cause of global warming. “By refusing to sign the agreement, the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live where their forefathers have lived for thousands of years.” Laupepa told the BBC.
Tuvalu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both countries.
Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable (易受影响的)to rising sea levels. Maumoon Gayoon, president of the Maldives, told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an “endangered nation”.
.The text is mainly about_________.

A.rapid changes in earth’s temperature
B.bad effects of global warming
C.moving of a country to a new place
D.reasons for lowland flooding

.. What is the probable meaning of the underlined word in the first paragraph?

A.撤离 B.危险 C.淹没 D.消失

.According to scientists, the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is_________.

A.greenhouse gas emissions in industrialized nations
B.continuous global warming
C.higher surface water temperatures of the sea
D.rising sea levels

. Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not_________.

A.believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real
B.sign an agreement with Tuvalu
C.allow Tuvaluans to move to the US
D.agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions

.The country whose situation is similar to that of Tuvalu is_________.

A.Australia
B.New Zealand
C.the United States
D.the Maldives

Twenty-five years ago if you made a trip to the local library and searched for articles on globing warming, you’d probably come up with a few from the leading magazines in the world. As an Internet search on global warming now shows, the subject has become as rooted in people’s mind as Madonna or microwave cooking.
With the possible exception of another world war, a giant planet, or an incurable disease, global warming may be the largest danger to our planet. For decades human factories and cars have sent billions of tons of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, and the climate has begun to show some signs of warming. If steps are not taken soon to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide sent into the atmosphere, the result could terribly affect human life. We have already seen growing destruction, such as drought and death in Sudan, flooding in Asia, bush fires in Indonesia, and fierce winter storms in central Europe.
The Republic of Maldives is barely above sea level. Its 250, 000 citizens are scattered across 1,200 islands in the Indian Ocean. A strong typhoon could spell the end for the entire country, as sea levels could continue rising. The entire population would have to be moved away as the country disappears under the sea.
The greenhouse effect is a naturally occurring phenomenon that keeps our planet at a comfortable temperature averaging 60°F. Since the mid-nineteenth century, however, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased nearly 30% because of the increased use of fossil fuels to run cars, heat homes and power factories. Without controlling, the amount of carbon-dioxide by 2100 may increase by 30%-150% and could lift the average global temperature by up to 2.5° F the next 50 years.
.
With the first paragraph, the author intends to.

A.scold people for not paying enough attention to global warming
B.draw people’s attention to global warming
C.how to search for the articles on global warming
D.point out the serious effect of global warming

.
Global warming could affect human life in the following ways EXCEPT.

A.producing more greenhouse gases B.causing more floods
C.making winter storms fiercer D.starting more bush fires

.
The Republic of Maldives.

A.has moved away their citizens
B.will be more likely to be destroyed by a strong typhoon than by the rising sea level
C.is mostly likely to be destroyed by the rising sea level
D.will have to move away most of their population

.
. Why is the Republic of Maldives especially mentioned in the passage?

A.Because smaller countries are easier to be affected by global warming.
B.Because seaside countries are in danger of disappearing.
C.Because it’s necessary to rescue a country before the sea level rises.
D.Because the serious result of global warming could end a whole country.

.
. From the last paragraph, we can infer that greenhouse effect.

A.can only affect the earth in an unfavorable way
B.is something easy to control
C.is caused by human act
D.will be good to us if it remains at a proper level

The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means (通讯设备).Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest is pollution. To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.
Man has been polluting the earth. The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, Man moved to another place. But this is no longer true. Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.
Air pollution is still the most serious. It’s bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily.
Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air.
Pollution by carbon dioxide is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution. It is caused by heavy traffic. It is true that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution.
The earth is our home. We must take care of it. That means keeping the land, water and air clean. And we must take care of the rise in population at the same time.
.
. Hundreds of years ago, the pollution was _________it is today.

A.much easier than B.as easy as C.as hard as D.much less than

.
Our world is becoming much smaller_________.

A.because the earth is being polluted day and night
B.because science is developing
C.because of the rise in population
D.because the earth is blown away by the wind every year

.
Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because_________.

A.it does harm to all living things in the world B.it makes much noise
C.it makes our rivers and lakes dirty D.it makes us angry more easily

.
Which of the following is NOT the possible way to reduce air pollution?

A.Stop people from burning coal in the houses and factories in the city
B.Stop putting dirty smoke into the air
C.Encourage people to go to work by bike or on foot instead of driving a car
D.Don’t throw rubbish into the river.

.
Which of the following is NOT true?

A.The problem of pollution is not so serious because there are not so many people living on the earth.
B.The pollution of the earth grows as fast as the world’s population does.
C.If people could go to work by bike ,it would be helpful against the problem of carbon dioxide.
D.Many countries are making rules to fight against pollution.

People have smoked cigarettes for a long time now. The tobacco which is used to make cigarettes was first grown in what is now part of the United States. Christopher Columbus, who discovered America, saw the Indians smoking. Soon the dried leaves were transported to Europe . In the late 1800s, the Turks made cigarettes popular.
Cigarette smoke contains at least two harmful substances, tar and nicotine. Tar, which forms as the tobacco burns, damages the lungs and therefore affects breathing. Nicotine, which is found in the leaves, causes the heart to beat faster and increases the breathing rate. Nicotine in large can kill a person by stopping a person’s breathing muscles. Smokers usually take in small amounts that the body can quickly break down.
Nicotine can make new smokers feel dizzy(头晕) or sick to their stomachs. The heart rate for young smokers increases 2 to 3 beats per minute. Nicotine also lowers skin temperature and reduces blood flow in the legs and feet. It plays an important role in increasing smokers’ risk of heart disease and stroke.
Smoking cigarettes is dangerous. Cigarette smoking was the cause of lung cancer and several other deadly diseases.
.
Tobacco first appeared in_________.

A.Asia B.Africa
C.Europe D.America

.
What is the main purpose of the first paragraph?

A.To tell us the bad effects caused by smoking cigarettes
B.To introduce the history of smoking
C.To let us know what the cigarettes are made from
D.To tell the readers that Columbus found the Indians smoking

.
._________doesn’t make one’s heart beat as usual.

A.Tar B.Nicotine
C.Lung disease D.Leave

.
The following effects are caused by Nicotine EXCEPT that________.

A.It can make new smokers feel dizzy or sick to their stomachs
B.It lowers skin temperature
C.It causes the heart to beat less fast
D.Nicotine will probably kill a person if a smoker takes in too much of it.

.
What’s the main idea of this passage?

A.Where did cigarettes come from?
B.The effect of smoking on your body.
C.How to smoke is healthy?
D.Who is the first smoker?

James Stallman Rockefeller, the oldest-known U.S.Olympic medal winner and the former head of the bank that became Citigroup, died Tuesday.He was 102.Records of the U.S.Olympic Committee show that Rockefeller was the oldest American medal winner.He was the captain of Yale University's eight-man rowing team with coxswain that won gold at the 1924 Paris Olympics - beating the Canadian team by less than 16 seconds.The oars from the winning race and the gold medal were prominently displayed in Rockefeller's house."I think he was really proud of that - probably more than the bank career," said his grandson.
Rockefeller suffered a stroke on Thursday, said his grandson, who lived with him at his Greenwich home for two years, attributed his long life to a regimented(严密组织的) lifestyle: breakfast at eight a.m., lunch at 1 p.m., cocktails at 6 p.m.and dinner promptly at 7 p.m.. He liked plain food, without sauces or cheese, and plenty of fresh vegetables, including those grown in the garden of his estate.Rockefeller was in good health until shortly before he died.He drove his car up until last year and would review documents from the various charities and businesses he helped lead.
Rockefeller, born on June 8, 1902, was a grandson of William Rockefeller, who founded Standard Oil with his brother, John D.Rockefeller.He graduated from Yale in 1924 and served in the Airborne Command during World War II.He started at the bank, and then called the National City Bank, in 1930, following his uncle and grandfather, who were leaders of the bank. He became president in 1952, chairman in 1959 and retired in 1967.In 1955, under Rockefeller's leadership, the bank merged with the First National Bank of New York to form Citigroup.Rockefeller also was a director of numerous companies, including Pan American Airways, Northern Pacific Railroad, NCR and Monsanto, and served on the boards of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and the American Museum of Natural History.
Rockefeller and his wife.Nancy Carnegie Rockefeller, had four children.His wife died in 1994.
Rockefeller lost his wife when he was_______.

A.at the age of 91 B.in his eighties
C.in his early nineties D.in his 1994

We can learn from the passage that _______.

A.the American rowing team beat the Canadian team in less than 16 seconds in 1924.
B.Rockefeller was the first American medal winner.
C.James Stallman Rockefeller founded the National City Bank and was the first president.
D.His grandson thought Rockefeller had long life because of a regimented lifestyle.

What we can infer from the passage is that ______.

A.James Stallman Rockefeller is a great Olympic medal winner.
B.James Stallman Rockefeller was in good health until he died.
C.James Stallman Rockefeller was very active in American society.
D.James Stallman Rockefeller was the only grandson of William Rockefeller.

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