When several different people look at the same person, it’s not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you alone observe one behavior or one person at two different times, you may see different things. The following are but some of the factors that lead to these changing perceptions(感知认可)
(1) Each person’s perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning education, and personal experiences.
(2) Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we’ve observed. It is not necessarily true that person’s perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person; or you may focus (聚集) primarily on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same yardstick (标准)to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers.
(3) Sometimes we see only what we want to see or don’t see what may be obvious to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary emotional states. This is a process known as selective perception. Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory (矛盾的) information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore (忽视) the stimulus He’s basically a good boy so what I saw was not shoplifting.
We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information — All kids (孩子) get into mischief (顽皮). Taking a book from the bookstore isn’t such a big deal. "We can change the meaning of the contradictory information." It wasn’t shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later. (from www.nmet113.com)
9. The first factor given by the author that affects our perception is ________.
A. the abilities of one’s auditory (听觉的) and visual (视觉的) sensors
B. cultural background and personal experiences
C. experiences one learns from others
D. critical measures taken by other people
10. While observing a particular person, ________.
A. one is likely to take all aspects (方面) to consideration
B. one pays more attention to his/her advantages
C. children often differ from grown-ups in perception
D. one tends to choose certain cues (提示) to look for
11. Observation of the same person by two people at the same time may differ because________.
A. their measuring yardsticks are not the same
B. either of them may be slow to catch information
C. the time for observation is not long enough
D. each of them uses different language to express his/her impressions
12. The word "stimulus" in paragraph 4 refers to________.
A. something attractive B. selective perception
C. contradictory information D. shoplifting
13. The worst thing in selective perception is that________.
A. perceived information runs against your desire
B. facts can be totally ignored or distorted (扭曲)
C. importance of the contradictory information can be overrated (估计过高)
D. the same information may not be dealt with in the same way
Hey, mom, I want you to stop dropping me off at the airport for some trip that I am about to take and start becoming my seatmate. I want to travel with you---just you.
I want to explore a new place alongside a woman who raised me, who put up with my teenager anxiety and my rebellious (叛逆的) college years. I want to see my favorite cities with the lady who taught me basic life lessons, such as looking both ways before crossing the street, how to use a glue gun, and that the most important thing in the world is to help others.
I always appreciated the vacations you planned for our family. I also remember how you watched me as I read The Great Gatsby on the balcony at midday. I wonder if you felt proud of me. These days, I am sick of traveling to places with wishy-washy(无主见的) friends. I want to travel with a strong woman who can see how capable I am of learning to speak French or hiking on a glacier or eating something as unpleasant-smelling fruit.
Now I want you to see how much I grow up while abroad---I’m a different person, Mom. And I know you’d be different too. I know that someone has shared a similar burst of emotion while diving into Australia’s Great Barrier Reef for the first time.
So what do you say, Mom? Will you throw responsibility to the wind? I want to travel with you. Let’s just go---we can go anywhere in the world, just you and I. You can pick the place, and I will do the rest.
Love,
KatkaWhich life lesson does Katka think the most valuable?
| A． Exploring a new place alongside her mother. |
| B． Visiting favorite cities with her mother. |
| C． Looking both ways when crossing the street. |
| D． Offering help to others when it’s possible. |
What do the underlined words in Paragraph 5 mean?
| A． Keep my promise. |
| B． Take care of me. |
| C． Bear much responsibility. |
| D． Have a break from work. |
What’s the daughter’s purpose of writing this letter?
| A． To thank her mother for all she has sacrificed for her. |
| B． To invite her mother to see the world together. |
| C． To recall her childhood with her mother. |
| D． To show her mother how talented she is. |
If a husband accuses his wife of missing the bigger picture or the wife says her husband has no eye for detail，there may be more than an element of truth to it.
Scientists have shown that men are better at dealing with distant targets，while women are good at shortrange focusing.
The finding reflects（反映） the way men and women's brains evolved(进化)thousands of years ago. Hunters，usually the men，needed the ability to find targets in far places. Women，on the other hand，had to be_adept_in searching the area immediately within reach for fruits，nuts，berries and roots.
Researchers asked 48 men and women to mark the midpoint of lines on a piece of paper with a laser（激光） pointer. Men were more accurate(准确的)than women when the target was placed at a distance of 100cm or out of reach. When the paper was only 50cm away—within hands' reach—the women did a much better job.
Psychologist Helen Stancey，from Hammersmith and West London College，said，“Evidence already exists that separate pathways in the brain process visual（视觉上的） information from near and far space. Our results suggest that the near pathways is favored in women and the far pathway is favored in men. ”The findings are published online in the British Journal of Psychology.
In a second study，volunteers were asked to carry out the same tasks by using a stick. This time women were much better than men at judging both distances. The finding suggests that the stick provides a focal point(集中点)to help the brain to process distant information as if it is in the near space.What's the function of Paragraph 1?
| A．To tell us the difference between men and women. |
| B．To explain why men see farther than women. |
| C．To tell us what couples often quarrel about. |
| D．To lead to the topic of the passage. |
The underlined part“be adept in”in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “________”．
| A．be good at | B．get interested in |
| C．be proud of | D．give up |
In the second study，________.
| A．men were proved to be good at dealing with distant targets |
| B．women were proved to be poor at dealing with distant targets |
| C．volunteers were asked to mark the midpoint of lines using a laser pointer |
| D．women did much better than men in judging both short and long distances. |
I was born in Tuckahoe，Talbot Country，Maryland. I have no accurate(准确的)knowledge of my age，never having seen any record containing it. By far the larger part of the slaves know as little of their ages as horses know of theirs，and it is the wish of most masters within my knowledge to keep their slaves thus ignorant(不知情的)．I do not remember having ever met a slave who could tell of his birthday. They seldom come nearer to it than plantingtime，harvesting，springtime，or falltime. A lack of information concerning my own was a source of unhappiness to me even during childhood. The white children could tell their ages，but I could not tell. Why the same right ought to be taken away from me！I was not allowed to ask my master about it. He considered all such questions on the part of a slave improper and impolite. The nearest estimate(估计)I can live makes me now between twentyseven and twentyeight years of age. I come to this，from hearing my master say，some time during 1835，I was about seventeen years old. My mother was named Harriet Bailey. She was the daughter of Isaac and Betsey Bailey，both colored，and quite dark.
My father was a white man. The opinion was also whispered that my master was my father；but of the correctness of this opinion，I know nothing and I have no means to know. My mother and I were separated when I was but an infant—before I knew her as my mother. It is a common custom，in the part of Maryland from which I ran away，to part children from their mothers at a very early age. Frequently，before the child has reached its twelfth month，its mother is taken from it，and hired out on some farm a considerable distance off，and the child is placed under the care of an older woman，too old for field labor.It can be learned from the text that________.
| A．the slaves forgot the exact time when they were born |
| B．the writer didn't know whether his master was his father |
| C．the writer was about twentyseven years old in 1835 |
| D．the writer's mother left him as soon as he was born |
The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refers to________.
| A．their birthday | B．my age |
| C．a record | D．Maryland |
The author was most probably raised________.
| A．by his grandparents |
| B．by an old woman slave |
| C．with his master's support |
| D．together with other children |
How does the writer feel about not knowing his age?
| A．Curious. | B．Unhappy. |
| C．Astonished. | D．Ashamed. |
About the year 1900，a small，darkhaired hot boy named Charlie Chaplin was often seen waiting outside the back entrance of London Theatre.He looked thin and hungry.He was hoping to get work in show business.He could sing and dance；above all，he knew how to make people laugh.But he couldn't get work and so he wandered about the city streets.Sometimes he was sent away to a home for children who had no parents.
But twenty years later this name Chaplin became the greatest，bestknown，and bestloved comedian in the world.Any visitor to the cinema must have seen some of Chaplin's filmstrips (胶片)．People everywhere have sat and laughed at them until the tears ran down their faces.Even people who don't understand English can enjoy Chaplin's films though most of them are silent.It isn't what he says that makes people laugh.His comedy doesn't depend upon words and languages.It depends upon little actions which mean the same thing to people all over the world.Acting out，without words，common human situations play an important part in the dances and plays of many countries.It's a kind of world language.
Chaplin lived most of his life in America and died in Switzerland on Christmas Day,1977，at the age of eightyeight.The world was astonished at the news of the death and burst into sadness.Why was young Chaplin waiting outside the back entrance of the theatre?
| A．Because he had no money to buy a ticket. |
| B．Because he wanted to get a returned ticket. |
| C．Because he wanted to play a part in a play in order to make a living. |
| D．Because he wanted to see the famous actors or actresses after the performance. |
It was ________that made people enjoy his films.
| A．wonderful dialogues | B．the beautiful music |
| C．his funny appearance | D．his own manner of acting |
The reason why Chaplin is regarded as king of comedy is that ________.
| A．his films are most silent |
| B．he knew how to make people laugh |
| C．he could not only act but also write comedies |
| D．he acted out the common human situation best in his comedy |
What's the best title of this passage?
| A．Charlie Chaplin，A Famous Humorous Actor |
| B．Charlie Chaplin，A Worker |
| C．Charlie Chaplin，A Small Boy |
| D．Charlie Chaplin，A Director |
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