Healthy knees aren't the main consideration in choosing high heels, but new research says chunky heels are just __________as spindly stilettos (细高跟鞋).
"It takes a long time to feel the effects of knee osteoarthritis (骨关节炎) — and once you do, it is too ]ate," said Dr. Casey Kerrigan, leading researcher of the study and associate professor at Harvard Medical School's department of physical medicine.
"I compare it to smoking — one cigarette is not painful, but over a lifetime it is. Wide-heeled shoes feel comfortable, so women wear them all day long, "Kerrigan said. "They are better for your feet than stiletto heels, but just as had for your knees."
The idea that high heels are bad for your health isn't new — scientists have warned women for years that they contribute to problems ranging from corns to hammer toes, tendonitis, knee pain, sprained (扭伤) ankles and back problems.
But in 1998,Kerdgan and a team of Harvard researchers were the first to link high heels and knee osteoarthritis, a painful joint disease that destroys cartilage (软骨) surrounding the knee.
The first study looked only at stiletto heels, and Kerrigan said she wanted to study the chunky high-heeled shoes she noticed many women wearing.
"This study confirms what we all intuitively (直觉地) know that high-heeled shoes of any kind are not good for our health," said Dr. Glenn Pfeifer, a San Francisco doctor and member of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons who was not connected to the study.
1.What’s the main idea of the passage?
2.Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
In my opinion ,it is similar to smoking ,for smoking one cigarette does little harm but if you smoke all your life,it’ll be very painful.
3.Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.(within ten words)
4.What do you think of wearing the chunky heels according to the passage?(within 30 words)
5.Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
[1]Online advertising is simply advertising that is done on the Internet. While it has a much shorter history than traditional advertising, the effects of online advertising can not be undervalued As more people turn to the Internet as a source for daily news, socialization and communication, more advertising dollars are likely to be spent. In fact, in a period of five years, from 2006 to 2010, online advertising 6 percent of all money spent for advertising, to 12 percent or more.
[2]Online advertising is also quickly becoming a serious force for other types of advertising media to deal with. Newspapers and magazines all over the world are facing a number of different challenges, including loss of ad revenue (广告收益). Many attribute (把……归于) some of those struggles to online advertising, which is not only taking a share of the advertising, but a share of the audience as well.
[3]However, newspapers and magazines are not the only media dealing with lower revenue. The remarkable thing about online advertising is it gives the ads a much wider coverage and its globally wider coverage helps in making the advertisements reach more audiences. Furthermore, because of hypertext (超文本) linking, advertisers have the power to transport potential buyers directly to their site.
[4]Online advertising can be presented in many flexible styles. In some cases, it may not look like advertising at all. There was one case. A video that showed popcorn (爆玉米花) being popped by radiation which was put out from mobile phones was put on the website. While this was later revealed as a trick, the company that put the video online received a large amount of attention. The company sold earphones meant to help limit an individual’s exposure to radiation.What is the main idea of the text? (no more than 7 words)
Fill in the blank in Paragraph 1 with proper words. (no more than 3 words)
Complete the following statement with proper words according to Paragraph 2. (within 5 words)
Traditional types of advertising media such as newspaper and magazines are suffering
because of the serious force of online advertising.List two benefits of online advertising. (no more than 20 words)
①②What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to? (withan 3 words)
Half a century after the March of Dimes (a US charity organization that collects money for children) put the 20th century’s most feared childhood disease on the road to eradication (根除), Bill Gates declared polio (小儿麻痹症) his important job and challenged world leaders to finish the job.
India, Nigeria, Pakistan and Afghanistan now have active transmission (传播) of the disease. Gates says the biggest problem with the success of the Global Polio Eradication program in those countries and elsewhere is lack of money.
The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation plans to increase its $200 million annual contribution (每年的捐款) by $102 million this year, Gates says. Gates recently met privately with Pakistan’s President in Washington, D.C., to try to persuade him to provide full support for Pakistan’s eradication plan.
Children in the USA also are at risk, experts say. Parents who don’t vaccinate (给某人接种疫苗) their children because they are fearful of vaccine side-effects create a large number of children who are likely to be harmed by the virus.
“If you increase the number of unvaccinated children, you increase the chance that this virus will find new subjects,” says David Oshinsky, Pulitzer Prized-winning author of Polio: An American Story.
“We’ve got to get this vaccine into the mouths of children,” says Bruce Aylward, head of the World Health Organization’s eradication program.
In 1988, when the World Health Organization launched the Global Polio Eradication program, the disease killed 350,000 children a year worldwide. By last year, the total dropped to fewer than 1,500 worldwide, Aylward says.
If Gates provides the final push for polio eradication, he may be remembered as much for helping prevent polio as for founding Microsoft, Oshinsky says.
“As long as there’s polio anywhere, people everywhere are at risk,” Aylawrd says. “We’re still not out of the woods.”According to the text, the success of the Global Polio Eradication program mainly depends on .
| A．the World Health Organization’s policy |
| B．the development of a new vaccine |
| C．the local governments’ support |
| D．the collection of funds. |
What do we know about polio according to the text?
| A．People in Nigeria don’t take it seriously. |
| B．It’s now the most serious childhood disease. |
| C．Great progress has been made in preventing it. |
| D．There are few organizations helping to prevent it. |
According to Oshinsky, .
| A．Gates should devote more time to Microsoft |
| B．polio eradication is a very important cause |
| C．vaccine side-effects should not be ignored |
| D．polio has been brought under control |
According to the passage, which of the following about Bill Gates is TRUE?
| A．He is the founder of the Global polio Eradication program. |
| B．He persuades some of the world leaders to support the eradication plan. |
| C．His foundation contributes $302, 000 to eradicate polio every year. |
| D．He works harder on preventing polio than founding Microsoft. |
The underlined part “We’re still not out of the woods” means “”.
| A．We get lost in the woods | B．We’re not free from trouble |
| C．we have no idea where to go | D．We’re unable to eradicate polio |
Kids will often ignore your requests for them to shut off the TV, start their chores (杂事), or do their homework as a way to avoid following your directions. Before you know it, you’ve started to sound like a broken record as you repeatedly ask them to do their assignments, clean their room, or take out the trash. Rather than saying, “Do your chores now,” you’ll be more effective if you set a target time for when the chores have to be completed. So instead of arguing about starting chores, just say, “If chores aren’t done by 4 p. m., here are the consequences.” Then it’s up to your child to complete the chores. Put the ball back in their court. Don’t argue or fight with them, just say, “That’s the way it’s going to be.” It shouldn’t be punitive (惩罚性的) as much as it should be persuasive. “If your chores aren’t done by 4 p. m., then no video game time until chores are done. And if finishing those chores runs into homework time, that’s going to be your loss.” On the other hand, when dealing with homework, keep it very simple. Have a time when homework starts, and at that time, all electronics go off and do not go back on until you see that their homework is done. If your child says they have no homework, then they should use that time to study or read. Either way, there should be a time set aside when the electronics are off.
When a kid wears his iPod or headphones when you’re trying to talk to him, make no bones about it；he is not ignoring you, he is disrespecting you. At that point, everything else should stop until he takes the earplugs out of his ears. Don’t try to communicate with him when he’s wearing headphones—even if he tells you he can hear you. Wearing them while you’re talking to him is a sign of disrespect. Parents should be very tough about this kind of thing. Remember, mutual respect becomes more important as children mature.According to the passage, it seldom happens that________.
| A．kids turn a deaf ear to their parents’ requests |
| B．parents’ directions sound like a broken record |
| C．children are ready to follow their parents’ directions |
| D．parents are unaware of what they are repeating to their kids |
Parents will be able to deal with their child more effectively if they ________.
| A．avoid direct ways of punishment |
| B．make him do things at their request |
| C．argue and fight with their child |
| D．allow their child to behave in his own way |
When the kid is doing his homework, parents________.
| A．should provide him with a good learning environment |
| B．can do whatever they like |
| C．can stay aside watching TV |
| D．must switch off the power |
It can be inferred from the passage that________.
| A．parents should take off their headphones when trying to have a talk with their child |
| B．it will make no difference that a kid is wearing his earplugs while talking to his parents |
| C．parents shouldn’t give in to their kid when he shows no sign of respect |
| D．kids’ purposely talking to their parents with iPod gives them a sense of power and control |
The main idea of the passage is________.
| A．that respecting each other is more important than anything else |
| B．how kids behave to ignore and disrespect their parents |
| C．that children should make choices and decisions on their own |
| D．how parents can deal with their kid’s behavior effectively |
Most people consider skydiving (高空跳伞) a product of the 20th century, but its history actually goes further back than that. The Chinese attempted to parachute (跳伞) in the 10th century, a thousand years before we did. The Chinese did what we would today call base diving; that is, they jumped off a place that would allow them to float from a height to the ground.
The first person to attempt to parachute was a Frenchman named Jacques Garnerin. He jumped from his hot-air balloon at the end of the 18th century and did tricks on the way down and stupefied the crowds by landing safely on the ground. At the end of the 19th century, Kathie Paulus, a brave German woman, became famous for her skydiving skills.
Once the airplane was invented, skydiving took on a whole new form. The airplane made it possible to dive from greater heights at greater speeds, allowing for more range in the movements in the air. A woman named Tiny Broadwick became the first woman to jump from a plane in 1913 and dive free fall in 1914.
Skydiving was not called skydiving until the middle of the 1950s, when Ronald Young invented the word. It had been called parachuting before this and was mainly used by the military (军事) to land troops in inland locations, or for pilots to jump out of their planes when necessary. Once World War I was over, parachuting became a sport, which we now call skydiving.
After World War II, this activity became more a hobby than a military action. Soldiers were trained in parachuting and enjoyed the thrill so much that they continued on for fun. From this, teams and competitions were formed. Skydiving schools appeared in the late 1950s and now it is a recognized extreme sport enjoyed by many.The underlined word “stupefied” in paragraph 2 probably means “_______”.
| A．disappointed | B．encouraged | C．surprised | D．attacked |
Who was the first woman to jump from a plane?
| A．Jacques Garnerin. | B．Kathie Paulus. | C．Tiny Broadwick. | D．Ronald Young. |
Which of the following is TRUE?
| A．The Chinese attempted different skydiving skills in the 10th century. |
| B．Skydiving became popular after the airplane was invented. |
| C．The word skydiving was first used in a military action. |
| D．There were no skydiving schools until the late 1950s. |
What can we infer from the passage?
| A．Skydiving is not a military action any more. |
| B．Kathie Paulus is famous for her skydiving skills. |
| C．The first person who parachuted was from Germany. |
| D．The history of skydiving is longer than that of parachuting. |
What would be the best title for this text?
| A．The history of skydiving | B．The popularity of skydiving |
| C．What is skydiving? | D．Why is skydiving an extreme sport? |
There is a very special wolf that lives in Africa. They are actually called, the African wild dog, of painted dogs.
These animals live in open woodlands, or in the plains of Africa. Today, however, most of the animals can be found in eastern or southern Africa. These animals are beautiful. They have rounded ears instead of pointed like most dogs, and they have four toes (脚趾) on each of their four feet, also a unique characteristic because other dogs have five. Their fine fur is always different from each other. The fur is usually a combination of black, brown, red, and white, and sometimes even yellow. No wonder they’re called the painted wolf.
The African wild dog is a very social animal. They live in groups and have numbers from five to about twenty. The members of a group are always very close to one another. They communicate in their own language or body language. When someone is very old or sick, the others will help, and they are willing to share the food with the elders and with those who are weak, which is what we should learn from.
The family does everything together, from raising young, to sleeping together, to hunting. When they hunt, they will work together suing team work to kill animals that are larger than them.
They sometimes hunt farm animals. This is unfortunate, because both poachers (偷猎者), and people who own farms shoot the painted dogs who are just trying to survive.
Before, there used to be many large groups throughout the land, but now the African wild god is very rare. They are also losing their population because of their own loss of habitat thanks to human’s farming and forest cutting.From the text we learn that the African wild dog .
| A．lives in the north of Africa |
| B．has sixteen toes altogether |
| C．has pointed ears like most dogs |
| D．lives in forests in groups |
Why do African wild dogs get the name “painted dogs”?
| A．They all have colorful fur. |
| B．The dogs in the same group are of different colors. |
| C．Artists love to paint them in different colors. |
| D．None of them has the same color. |
According to the author, what should we learn from African wild dogs?
| A．They always do everything together. |
| B．They help the sick, the elderly and the weak. |
| C．They are always very close to one another. |
| D．They communicate in their own language. |
Which of the following is NOT the reason why African wild dogs are becoming very rare?
| A．Poachers kill some of them. |
| B．They are short of food sometimes. |
| C．They are losing their habitat. |
| D．Farmers shoot some of them. |
Where could this passage probably be found?
| A．The Travelers | B．Fashion Weekly | C．Animal World | D．Star Magazine |