The idea for a science experiment can come from an unusual place. After watching a YouTube video of a dancing bird named Snowball, a scientist in California decided to study the ability of animals to keep the beat.
Bird lovers have long claimed that their pets have rhythm, and there are many videos of dancing birds online. Until now, scientists have suspected that humans are the only animals that can accurately keep rhythm with music.
Thanks to Snowball, that scientific opinion is changing. Snowball is a cockatoo, a kind of parrot, and his favorite song is "Everybody" by the Backstreet Boys. When he hears the song, he moves his feet and rocks his body with the tempo, or pace of the music, as though he is the only bird member of the boy band.
Aniruddh Patel is a neuroscientist, or a scientist who studies how the brain and the nervous system contribute to learning, seeing and other mental abilities. He works at the Neurosciences Institute in San Diego. After seeing Snowball's dance online, Patel visited the cockatoo at the bird rescue facility he's called home for two years. The scientist played "Everybody" for Snowball and also played versions of the song that were sped up or slowed down. Sometimes, Snowball danced too fast or too slowly. Often, when there was a change in tempo, Snowball adjusted his dancing to match the rhythm. In other experiments, scientists have observed the same abilities in preschool children.
Patel isn't the only scientist who has studied Snowball's moves. Adena Schachner, who studies psychology at Harvard University, also wanted to know more about the dancing bird. Schachner's team played different musical pieces for Snowball and a parrot named Alex, as well as eight human volunteers. The scientists observed that the birds and the humans kept time to the music with about the same accuracy.
Schachner and her team watched thousands of YouTube videos of different animals moving to music. Not all the animals could dance, however. From watching the videos, the scientists observed that only animals that imitate sounds, including 14 parrot species and Asian elephants, accurately moved in time to music.
63. The underlined words “that scientific opinion” in the third paragraph refers to the theory that ______.
A.birds like Snowball have the ability to keep the beat
B.humans are the only animals that can accurately keep rhythm with music
C.the brain and the nervous system contribute to some mental abilities
D.bird pets can have their special rhythm under human’s instruction
64. From the fourth paragraph we may know that ______.
A.Patel is the only scientist who has studied Snowball’s moves.
B.Snowball is able to adjust his dancing to match the rhythm.
C.Snowball cannot dance to the versions of the song Everybody.
D.it is the brain and the nervous system that control the mental abilities.
65. The idea of studying animals’ ability to keep the beat comes from ______.
A.bird lovers’ discovery
B.humans musical sense
C.the same abilities in children
D.videos of dancing birds
66. According to the scientists, Snowball’s ability to dance to music is probably related to the fact that ______.
A.it is the only bird member of the Backstreet Boys band
B.it has the ability to imitate sounds
C.it is a kind of dancing parrot
D.it has the same abilities as preschool children
NEMS |
NEWRI Environmental Master of Science |
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NEWRI: Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute |
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Be a leader in environmental science and engineering through the NEMS programme |
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NEWRI Environmental Master of Science (NEMS) is a primary graduate education and research programme conducted by Nanyang Technological University’s (NTU’s) NEWRI, with summer attachment at Stanford University. It aims to train engineers and scientists to meet the increasing environmental challenges for Asia and the wider region. |
NEWRI-Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute NEWRI is enabling Singapore to be a global center of environmental science and technology in providing technological solutions to the world. It is committed to environmental and water technologies through its ecosystem of education, research and developmental activities. NEWRI is trying its best to pull together NTU’s water and environment-related centers and institutes, gathering one another’s strengths for the benefit of industry and society. |
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Master of Science Applications ● Applications open now and close on 30 May 2013 for Singapore applicants. ● Graduates having relevant engineering or science background, including final-year students, are invited to apply. ● Applicants are required to have a certificate of GRE. Further information and application materials are available at the Website: http:// www. Cee.ntu.edu.sg/Graduate/NEMS |
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Highlights of Programme: ★ Students spend a full summer term at Stanford taking regular courses and continue with the rest of their academic programme at NTU. ★ It is a 12-month full-time course in environmental science & engineering. ★Students under NEMS will have opportunities to do research projects under NEWRI as well as to continue for the Doctor’s degree. ★ Graduating students receive the NTU degree and a certificate from Stanford for their summer attachment. |
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Scholarship for tuition grants and living expenses at both Stanford and NTU are available |
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Enquiry contact: Ms Christian Soh Tel:(65) 6861 0507 Fax:(65) 68614606 Email: nems@ntu.edu.sg Information on other graduate programmes available at: www.ntu.edu.sg/cee/program/postgrad.asp |
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If one wants to apply for the NEMS programme, it is essential for him to __________.
A.make contact with Ms Soh |
B.have passed the GRE test |
C.possess a university diploma |
D.major in engineering or science |
Students admitted to the NEMS Programme __________.
A.are required to obtain a Doctor’s degree |
B.will first have regular courses at Stanford |
C.needn’t be released from their regular jobs |
D.can receive degrees of both NTU and Stanford |
What’s the main purpose of the NEMS programme?
A.To offer scholarship for tuition grants and living expenses. |
B.To strengthen the cooperation between NTU and Stanford. |
C.To introduce Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute. |
D.To train experts on environmental science and engineering. |
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.30 May 2012 is the deadline for NEMS application. |
B.Applicants for NEMS should have relevant work experience. |
C.Other centers and institutes for environmental and water technologies also exist in NTU |
D.Singapore is the global center of environmental science and technology. |
A study of more than five million books, both fiction and non-fiction, has found a marked decline in the use of emotional words over time. The researchers form the University of Bristol used Google Ngram Viewer, a facility for finding the frequency of terms in scanned books, to search for more than 600 particular words identified as representing anger, dislike, fear, joy, sadness and surprise.
They found that almost all of the categories showed a drop in these “mood words” over time. Only in the category of fear was there an increase in usage.
“It is a steady and continuous decrease,” said Dr Alberto Acerbi. He assumed that the result might be explained by a change in the position occupied by literature, in a crowded media landscape. “One thing could be that in parallel to books the 20th century saw the start of other media. Maybe these media — movies, radio, drama, had more emotional content than books.”
Although both joy and sadness followed the general downwards trend, the research, published in the journal PLOS One, found that they also exhibited another interesting behaviour:the ratio (比率) between the two varied greatly, apparently mirroring historical events.
During the Roaring Twenties the joy-to-sadness ratio reached a peak that would not occur again until before the recent financial crash. But the ratio plunged at the height of the Second World War. Nevertheless, the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that their result reflected wider social trends. In the paper, they even argue that the reverse could be true.
“It has been suggested, for example, that it was the suppression (压抑) of desire in ordinary Elizabethan English life that increased demand for writing ‘filled with romance and sex’… perhaps,” they conclude, “songs and books may not reflect the real population any more than catwalk models reflect the average body.” The word "decline" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to_________.
A.increase | B.rise | C.decrease | D.change |
A study of more than five million books indicated a decrease in “mood words” over time except_______.
A.in the use of the words of historical events |
B.in the category of fear |
C.in the category of literature |
D.in the category of joy |
What’s the main idea of this passage?
A.A study of emotional words. |
B.A study about vocabulary in literature. |
C.Reasons for the use of emotional words decreases in literature. |
D.A study on increase in the category of fear. |
“Don't worry if you have problems!” It is easy to say until you are in the midst of a really big one. The only people who don't have troubles are gathered in little neighborhoods. Most communities have at least one. We call them cemeteries. If you're breathing, you have difficulties. It's the way of life. And believe it or not, most of your problems may actually be good for you! Let me explain.
Maybe you have heard the Great Barrier Reef, stretching some 1,800 miles from New Guinea to Australia. Tour guides regularly take visitors to view the reef.
On one tour, a traveler asked the guide an interesting question. "I notice that the lagoon (泻湖) side of the reef looks pale and lifeless, while the ocean side is vibrant and colorful," the traveler observed. Why is this?
The guide gave an interesting answer, "The coral around the lagoon side is in still water, with no challenge for its survival. It dies early. The coral on the ocean side is constantly being tested by wind, waves and storms. It has to fight for its survival every day. As it is challenged and tested, it changes and adapts. It grows healthy. It grows strong. And it reproduces."
Then he added, “That's the way it is with every living organism.”
That's how it is with people. Challenged and tested, we come alive! Like coral pounded by the sea, we grow. Physical demands can cause us to grow stronger. Mental and emotional stress can produce tough-mindedness and resiliency. Spiritual testing can produce strength of character and faithfulness. So, you have problems? No problem! Just tell yourself, "There I grow again!"
Remember: A smooth sea never made a skilled mariner.Who has no problems according to the passage?
A.The persons who are very famous. |
B.The persons who have much money. |
C.The persons who have been born. |
D.The persons who are living in the cemeteries. |
In the writer's opinion, ________.
A.problems bring us much trouble |
B.problems have two sides, good or bad |
C.we should try to stay away from any trouble |
D.the fewer things we do, the less trouble we'll meet |
The reason why lagoon side of the reef has no life is _______.
A.it hasn't got any sunlight |
B.it has less energy than others |
C.it never faces any challenge and tests |
D.it has no work to do every day |
After reading this passage, we should ________.
A.regard any problem as challenge |
B.learn from the lagoon side |
C.worry your problem |
D.enter into cemeteries |
Many songs, poems, and books have been written on love’s strong effect on people. The state of being in love has even been compared to being sick or mad. A study by Professor Semir Zeki of University College London has found that love does affect people’s brains by making them feel great.
Zeki studied young men and women who had recently fallen in love. He found that, when they were looking at photos of their loved ones, there was heightened activity in four areas of their brains. These areas deal with emotions, and one of them, in particular, is known to respond to drugs that cause feelings of great joy and excitement.
Interestingly, the study also found a lack of activity in two other areas of the brain when the volunteers looked at their lovers’ photographs. One of these areas is linked to feelings of sadness, while the other is often active in people suffering from depression. It seems love really can be uplifting.
The state of being in love, according to some scientists, may actually be good for your health. Although scientists know that being in love can make a person feel great, the exact influence of love on a person’s health is harder to determine. However, scientists say that people do need love in order to live healthy lives.
According to Dr. Thomas Lewis, people need to be in relationships because that is how we are designed. He says the brain can only maintain(保持) the overall stability of a person’s immune(免疫) system, bodily rhythms, and heart if it receives input(输入) from outside the body in the form of emotional connections with others.
Professor Antonio Damasio has a similar view. He says that love enriches a person’s imagination and creativity, and makes a person’s body work better. He also believes that love can even improve the body’s ability to fight against disease. Damasio’s wise words of advice are “ Choose love and you will live longer.”The main idea of this passage is __________.
A.love can really cause people active |
B.love has effect on songs and books |
C.love is linked with emotion |
D.love is what we need |
What does the underlined word “uplifting” mean? It means __________.
A.inspiring | B.available | C.cold | D.mad |
From the passage we know__________.
A.People write songs, poems and books to say love is the sweetest thing |
B.nobody but Professor Semir Zeki has found love does affect people’s brains |
C.being in love sometimes may make someone act as if he/ she were mad |
D.love causes heightened activity in all areas of a person’s brains |
Which of the following statements is not true?
A.Some scientists have the idea that love does good to people. |
B.It is possible for scientists to decide how much influence love can give people. |
C.People are born to be in need of getting on touch with each other. |
D.A person’s health depends on partly on emotional connections with others. |
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A.they lack confidence |
B.they do exercise alone |
C.they are under great pressure |
D.they don’t get enough exercise |
From the text, we can learn that if you join the gym, _______ .
A.you’ll lose weight safely but slowly |
B.you’ll struggle with workout routines |
C.you’ll be advised to pay attention to nutrition |
D.you’ll be advised to have nothing in between workouts |
How much do a couple have to pay if they join the gym today?
A.$800. | B.$500. | C.$900. | D.$1,000. |
This text is most probably taken from a ________ .
A.newspaper | B.magazine |
C.website | D.textbook |