.
New York (Reuters) --- Television can act like a painkiller when it comes to children and is more effective than a mother’s comforting, according to a small Italian study.
The University of Siena study, published in Archives of Disease in Childhood, was based on 69 children aged 7 to 12 who were divided into three groups to have blood taken.
One group was given no distraction while the blood was being taken. Meantime mothers of children in the second group attempted to distract the youngsters by talking to them, soothing(安慰), and/or caressing them.
In the third group, the children were allowed to watch television cartoons while the procedure was being carried out.
After the samples were taken, the children and their mothers rated their pain scores.
The children recording the highest pain scores were in the group getting no distraction. These scores were about three times as high as those recorded by children allowed to watch the cartoons.
Children comforted by their mothers recorded middling scores.
On average, the mothers rated pain scores higher than the children but they also recorded the lowest pain scores for children who had been allowed to watch television.
“The higher pain level reported by children during mothers’ efforts at distraction shows the difficulty mothers have in interacting positively at a difficult moment in their children’s life,” the researchers said in their report.
They added that watching television also seemed to increase children’s pain tolerance(容忍力).
64. If children are concentrated while having their blood taken, they will _______.
A. feel no pain B. record the lowest pain scores
C. record the highest pain scores D. feel less pain
65. According to the Italian study, children who are suffering from pain had better _______.
A. get comfort from their mothers B. watch cartoons on TV
C. read picture books D. get no distraction
66. The underlined word “distract” in the third paragraph probably means “_______.”
A. reduce one’s pain B. get one’s attention away
C. help one get concentrated D. give comfort to
67. From the passage, we can infer that _______.
A. mothers can soothe their children greatly at hard moments
B. mothers’ love and comfort is the best medicine for children
C. children can have their pain tolerance increased by mother’s efforts
D. mothers’ comfort does not reduce much of their children’s pain
第三部分阅读（共两节；满分30分）
阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，
并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
（A）
Australia, the last continent, was discovered by ships belonging to some European nations in the seventeenth century. These nations were less interested in changing it into a colony than in exploring it. As in the early history of the United States, it was the English who set up the settlements in Australia. This history and the geography of these two British colonies have some other things in common as well.
Australia and the United States are about the same in size, and their western lands are both not rich in soil. It was on the eastern coast of Australia and America that the English first settled, and both colonies soon began to develop towards the west. However, this westward movement took place more because the English were searching for better land than because the population was increasing. Settlements of the west part of both countries developed quickly after gold was discovered in America in 1849 and in Australia two years later.
Although the development of these two countries has a lot in common, there are some striking differences as well. The United States gained its independence from England by revolution while Australia won its independence without having to go to war. Australia, unlike the United States, was firstly turned into a colony by English prisoners and its economic development was in wheat growing and sheep raising. By 1922, for example, Australia had fifteen times more sheep than it had people or almost half as many sheep as there are people today in the United States. Australia and the United States have more in common with each other than either one has with most of the rest of the world.
41. Who turned Australia into a colony?
A. Britain. B. Several European countries.
C. The United States of America. D. None of the above.
42. In the early history of America and Australia, both colonies developed towards the west. The reason for it is that ________________________.
A. the population was increasing rapidly in the east
B. the English thought there might be richer land there
C. gold was discovered there
D. fewer people lived there
43. In the early 1920s, ________________________.
A. Australia had one fifteenth as many people as sheep
B. there were more sheep in Australia than in the United States
C. the population in Australia was greater than that of the United States
D. the United States had twice as many sheep as people
44. Australia, unlike the United States, ________________.
A. won its independence by peaceful means
B. did not discover gold until the late 1840s
C. was the last and biggest continent to be discovered
D. was not rich in gold in its western part
45. The last sentence of the passage “Australia and the United States have more in common with each other than either one has with most of the rest of the world” means “_________________________.”
A. The United States and Australia do not have main differences
B. The United States and Australia have much more in common than they have with other countries
C. The United States and Australia have nothing in common with the rest of the world
D. In common with the rest of the world, the United States and Australia have a lot of differences
D
Paragraph 1
Scientists have learned a lot about the kinds of food people need. They say that there are several kinds of food that people should eat every day. They are: (1) green and yellow vegetables of all kinds. (2) citrus(柑桔) fruits and tomatoes; (3) potatoes and other fruits and vegetables; (4) meat of all kinds, fish and eggs; (5) milk and foods made from milk; (6) bread or cereal(谷类), rice is also in this kind of food; (7) butter, or something like butter.
Paragraph 2
People in different countries and different places of the world eat different kinds of things. Foods are cooked and eaten in many different kinds of ways. People in different countries eat at different times of the day. In some places people eat once or twice a day; in other countries people eat three or four times a day. Scientists say that none of the differences is really important. It doesn’t matter whether foods are eaten raw(生的) or cooked, canned or frozen. It doesn’t matter if a person eats dinner at 4 o’clock in the afternoon or at eleven o’clock at night. The important thing is what you eat every day.
Paragraph 3
There are two problems, then, in feeding the large number of people on earth. The first is to find some ways to feed the world’s population so that no one is hungry. The second is to make sure that people everywhere have the right kinds of food to make them grow to be strong and healthy.
69. According to the scientists, which of the following groups of food is the healthiest for your lunch?
A. chicken, apples, cereal, cabbages(洋白菜)
B. potatoes, rice, bread ,carrots（胡萝卜）
C. oranges, bananas, fish, tomatoes D. beef, pork, fish, milk
70. People in different countries and different places of the world _______.
A. has the right kinds of food to eat B. cooks their food in the same way
C. has their meals at the same time D. eat food in different ways
71. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. People in some places don’t have enough to eat.
B. There are too many people in the world.
C. One of the problems is that no one is hungry.
D. The scientists are trying to make people grow to be strong and healthy.
72. If there is Paragraph 4, what do you think is going to be talked about?
A. When people eat their lunch B. What to do with the two problems
C. How to cook food in different ways
D. Why people eat different kinds of food
C
Plants are very important living things. Life could not go on if there were no plants. This is because plants can make food from air,water and sunlight. Animals and man cannot make food from air,water and sunlight. Animals get their food by eating plants and other animals.Therefore animals and man need plants in order to live.This is why we find that there are so many plants around us.
If you look carefully at the plants around you,you will find that there are two kinds of plants:flowering plants and non-flowering plants.
Flowering plants can make seeds（种子）. The seeds are protected by the fruits. Some fruits have one seed, some have two, three or four, and some have many seeds. But a few fruits have no seeds at all. An example of a fruit without seeds is the banana fruit. Most non-flowering plants do not grow from seeds. They grow from spores（胚芽）. Spores are very small. Some spores are so small and light that they can float in the air. We may say that spores are quite the same as seeds. When these spores are all on wet and shady places, they usually grow into new plants.
65. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ______.
A. plants are important for life B. plants cannot grow without air
C. there are many plants in the world D. we can not live without water
66. Plants can make food from______.
A. flower, water and air B. water, sunlight and air
C. air, water and soil D. air, sun and light
67. What can we infer（推断） from the passage ？
A. Of all living things animals are most important B.Spores are seeds
C. All fruits of flowering plants have seeds D.Without plants, man will die out
68. This passage may be taken from______.
A. a medicine book B. a novel
C. a science magazine D. an experiment report
B
Even a child knows that nodding(点头) the head means “Yes”. But some people will probably be puzzled when they first come to India. When they talk to an Indian, he often shakes his head. They might think that the Indian does not like what he said, but on the contrary he is expressing agreement.
The Indians have a habit of shaking their heads slightly when they talk to somebody. It doesn’t mean “No”, but “Yes”.
If a person doesn’t know this, it might cause misunderstanding.
At one time a foreigner in India told his driver who was an Indian to take him to his office. The driver shook his head. The foreigner repeated his request and the driver shook his head again. At last, the foreigner shouted angrily, “Drive me to my office at once!” The driver said in a low voice, “Yes, sir,” smiling and shaking his head again at the same time.
61. Generally speaking, nodding the head means _______, and shaking the head means _______.
A. Yes, No B. No, Yes C. Yes, Yes D. No, No
62. According to the habit of India, if someone agrees with you, he will _______.
A. nod his headB. shake his head
C. neither nods his head nor shakes his head
D. either nod his head or shake his head
63. Why did the Indian driver shake his head when the foreigner asked him to drive him to his office? Because _______.
A. the Indian driver has something important to do
B. the foreigner promised to give him only a little money
C. The driver felt uncomfortable at that time
D. In India shaking the head means agreement
64. Why did the foreigner become angry? Because _______.
A. the Indian driver didn’t want to send him to his office
B. the Indian driver asked him for a lot of money
C. He misunderstood the meaning of shaking the head in India
D. he asked the driver to send him to his office, but the driver didn’t say any words
四、阅读理解（共16小题，每小题1.5分，共24分）
A
Once a group of 17-year-old schoolboys decided to break the world basketball marathon record(马拉松记录). They wanted to play for ninety hours and that is to add six hours to the record. Each team had nine players, with five at a time. The boys decided each person would play 21. 5 hours and then rest for 2 hours. Then they started at 6 o’clock in the evening.
The first night was very hard for the players. When it was their turn to rest, they were too excited(兴奋的) to fall asleep at once.
After sleeping for a short time, they had to play again. On the second night, they fell asleep as soon as they stopped. Some of them had trouble with their feet and hands, but the only serious problem was a psychological(心理上的) one. Each boy was thinking：why am I doing this？How can I play any longer？After the third night, the players knew they could finish the ninety hours. The basketball on the fourth night was very slow. But in the final hours, the players got better. For the last few minutes, the players looked as fresh as when they started. How happy everyone was！
57. In the story, there were _______ schoolboys playing basketball marathon.
A. 9 B. 14 C. 17 D. 18
58. Before this basketball marathon, the world record was _______.
A. 84 hours B. 86 hours C. 90 hours D. 96 hours
59. The first night was hard for the players to fall asleep because _______.
A. they only slept for a short time B. they were too excited
C. no one watched them play D. it was very long
60. “…the players looked as fresh as when they started” here “fresh” means _______.
A. 新鲜的 B. 兴奋不已的
C. 精神饱满的 D. 伤痕累累的