Elephants are famous for their supposedly excellent memory. Now it seems that they are good at simple math too.
Researchers at the University of Tokyo have found an Asian elephant named Ashya can add small quantities together and correctly identify(识别）which is larger.
For example ,when researcher Naoko dropped three apples into one bucket and one apple into a second, then four more apples into the first and five into the second, Ashya correctly identified that the first bucket contained more apples and began munching(嚼）on her tasty prize.
Ashya chose the correct bucket 74% of the time "I even get confused when "I'm dropping the apple," Naoko told New Scientist magazine.
Elephants' counting abilities are far from unique. Chimps, pigeons(鸽子)and dolphins have shown the same abilities in lab tests, but what is more impressive for Elephants is that their ability to tell between two figures does not get worse when those numbers are more similar.
The elephants that Naoko tested were as good at telling the difference between five and six as they were at telling between five and one.
Naoko presented her findings last week at the International Society annual meeting in New York.
It is not obvious why elephants should need this mathematical ability in the wild." It is really tough to figure out why elephants would need to count," said Mya, a professor at Cornell University who studies elephants.
One possibility is that they use it to keep track of other members of their herd(兽群）so that no one is left behind. Asian elephants live in groups of six to eight." You really don't want to lose your group members," said Mya.
Another possibility is that the ability for simple math might be a by-product(副产品）of natural selection for a larger brain.
68.The experiments researchers have done recently show that elephants can____.
A. memorize things correctly B. munch on apples
C. do some simple math D. change small quantities into larger ones
69.What does the underlined word" tough" in Paragraph 8 mean?
A. Difficult B. Impossible C. Easy D. Useful
70.The reason why elephants need to count is possibly that_____.
A. they want to exercise their brains
B .they often count the members of their herd
C. they hope to stay in groups
D. they have taken regular training
If you have a chance to go to Finland, you will probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are.
Take the taxi drivers for example. Taxis in Finland are mostly high-class Benz with a fare of two US dollars a kilometer. You can go anywhere 
in one, tell the driver to drop you at any place, say that you have some business to attend to, and then walk off without paying your fare. The driver would not show the least sign of anxiety.
The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside diners. Hotel guests have their meals free, so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals. The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration（登记）card to the waiter. With such a loose check, you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge.
The Finnish workers are paid by the hour. They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate. From then on they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly.
With so many loopholes （漏洞） in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take “petty advantages”. But the strange thing is, all the taxi passengers would always come back to pay their fare after they have attended to their business; not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms. And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in. As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do, living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”. The underlined words in this passage means to “______”.
| A．be ready to help others | B．make good use of one’s friends |
| C．be a little ahead of others | D．gain something at other’s expense |
Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
| A．While taking a taxi in Finland, you can get off without first paying your fare. |
| B．In a big hotel in Finland, you can enjoy free meals if you’re living in the hotel. |
| C．The bosses in Finland pay the employees according to registration of their working hours. |
| D．The workers are always honest with their working hours. |
We can learn from the passage that ______.
| A．the Finnish society is of very high moral （道德） level |
| B．there are many loopholes in everyday life in Finland |
| C．in Finland, most taxi drivers will not charge you anything |
| D．everyone in Finland is like a gentleman, for they have faith in themselves |
Which of the following is the best title of the passage ?
| A．Life in Finland | B．A Society with “Foolish” People |
| C．What a Life | D．Honest accounts of the Finns |
A new study suggests that the more teenagers watch television, the more likely they are to develop depression as young adults .
The researchers used a national long-term survey of adolescent（青少年的）health to investigate （调查）the relationship between media use and depression. They based their findings on more than four thousand adolescents who were not depressed when the survey began in 2000.
As part of the survey, the young people were asked how many hours of television or videos they watched daily. They were also asked how often they played computer games an
d listened to the radio. Media use totaled an average of five and one-half hours a day. More than two hours of that was spent watching TV.
Seven years later, in 2007, more than seven percent of the young people had signs of depression. The average age at that time was twenty-one.
The researchers say they did not find any such relationship with the use of other media such as movies, video games or radio, etc. But the study did find that every extra hour of television meant
an eight percent increase in the chances of developing signs of depression. Young men were more likely than young women to develop depression given the same amount of media use.
The study didn't explore if watching TV causes depression. But one possibility is that it was taking time away from activities that could help prevent depression.
Last December, the journal Social Indicators Research published a study of activities that help lead to happy lives. Sociologists from the University of Maryland found that people who describe themselves as happy spend less time watching telev
ision than unhappy people. The study found that happy people are more likely to be socially ac
tive, to read, to attend religious services and to vote.The best title for this passage should be___________
_.
| A．Teens, Television and Depression |
B．Men Develop Depression Ea sier than Women |
| C．Media Use is Harmful to Adolescents |
| D．Take Great Care of Teenager's Depression |
The result of the research seems to prove______________.
| A．teenagers are more likely to develop depression than adults |
| B．other media uses do no harm to adolescents |
| C．TV probably causes teenagers to grow up with depression |
| D．those who watch no TV will not develop depression |
We can learn from the survey that of all the media use
| A．computer games are teenagers' favourite |
| B．most teenagers prefer to listen to the radio |
| C．teenagers enjoy watching TV very much |
| D．newspaper is not included in the survey |
We can conclude that a teenager should _____
| A．play more video games instead of watching TV |
| B．be active in taking part in outdoor activities |
| C．be more active in watching educational TV programmes |
| D．attend religious services and care for politics |
Ellen and Bill County are both teachers. They met in college an
d became good friends because of their shared love for children. Two years after the couple got married, Ellen saw a huge change in the life of one of her students, a 9-year-old girl. Three years ago both of the little girl’s parents had died and there was no one to take care of her. She was taken away to live in a government office. But finally she was taken in and adopted by a family and became their daughter. Ellen said that she noticed the difference in the child’s life after she was placed in a permanent home and thought that maybe she and her husband could help a child in a similar way.
They decided to become temporary parents and to take a child into their home on the weekends when the real parents could not take care of him or her. The pair planned to have their own children in a few years, but decided that this would be a way to give to the community in the meantime.
The couple quickly grew to love one of the children they looked after. When he became legally available, Billy became the first child they took in permanently. Six months after adopting Billy, Ellen was told by her doctor that she was unable to have children naturally. Ellen says she knew then that adoption was the way she was meant to have a family.
Since adopting Billy, now 17, Ellen and Bill have adopted five more children --- Rose,16； Albert, 11; Joshua, 5 and in June 2003, they added biological brother and sister Tyler and Rylee to the County family.
The County family has been recognized for their work on adoption, and have received many awards for their efforts. Last June, the family was even interviewed on the television show, “Adoptio
n Stories”.
Ellen says she would like to encourage other families to adopt children. She adds that the best part of being a mother of six is: “Giving Josh a bath, putting a band-aid on a cut knee or just the everyday mom things, that makes motherhood such an honor and a privilege.”What is the passage mainly about?
| A．How a couple first met at college | B．Where you can adopt a child |
| C．The benefits of adoption to the community | D．How adoption created a happy family |
Why did Ellen and Bill first decide to adopt a childe?
| A．Because they had always loved children very much |
| B．Because they saw the benefits of adoption for a child |
| C．Because they were not able to have children of their own |
| D．Because they wanted to receive awards for their community work |
Which of the children are related to each other by blood?
| A．Rylee and Tyler | B．Billy and Tyler |
| C．Albert and Joshua | D．Rose and Albert |
What can be inferred from this passage?
| A．Ellen had thought of adopting a child before getting married. |
| B．Only kids under 16 can be adopted by a family |
| C．A loving family is important to a child’s happiness |
| D．Adopting a child always makes the family become famous |
The right to pursue happiness is issued to us all with our birth, but no one seems quite sure what it is.
A holy man in India may think 
that happiness is in himself. It is in needing nothing from outside himself. If wanting nothing, he lacks nothing. We westerners, however, are taught that the more we have from outside ourselves, the happier we will be, and then we are made to want. We are even told it is our duty to want. Advertising, one of our major industries, exists not to satisfy these desires but to create them---and to create them faster than any man’s money in his pocket can satisfy them. Here, obviously someone is trying to buy the dream of happiness and spending millions upon millions every year in the attempt. Clearly the happiness-market is not running out of customers.
I doubt the holy man’s idea of happiness, and I doubt the dreams of the happiness-market, too. Whatever happiness may be, I believe, it is neither in having nothing nor in having more, but in changing --- in changing the world and mankind into pure states.
To change is to make efforts to deal with difficulties. As Yeats, a great Irish poet once put it, happiness we get for a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties.
It is easy to understand. We even demand difficulty for the fun in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. And a game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are man-made difficulties. When the player ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the roles. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to cast away all the rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules.
The same is true to happiness. The buyers and sellers at the happiness-market seem to have lost their sense of the pleasure of difficulty. Heaven knows what they are playing,
but it seems a dull game. And the Indian holy man seems dull to us, I suppose, because he seems to be refusing to play anything at all.
The western weakness may be in the dreams that happiness can be bought while eastern weakness may be in the idea that there is such a thing as perfect happiness in man himself. Both of them forget a basic fact: no difficulty, no happiness.Who shares the same idea of happiness with the author?
| A．The Indian holy man | B．The great Irish poet Yeats |
| C．Advertisers | D．The buyers and sellers at the happiness-market |
What does “happiness-market” mean in the second paragraph?
| A．It means a place in which people can buy things happily |
| B．It means a market which lacks happy customers |
| C．It means a pure state for the world and mankind |
| D．It means a market where people try to buy happiness with money. |
According to the passage, which of the following is Right?
| A．The Indian holy man is much happier than westerner. |
| B．The westerners understand happiness better than the Indian holy man. |
| C．There is no fun without playing by the rules |
| D．Both the eastern weakness and western weakness are the same. |
Friendships are some of the most important relationships that we will ever have in our lives. But how to build a solid friendship? Here are five tips for you.
Tip 1. _____
True friendships can only be built in honesty. This is more than just telling the truth. Being real and open about who you are and your thoughts and feelings are a part of building a solid friendship. If your “friends” don’t even really know you, who are they really friends with?
Tip 2. Shared Experiences
As you build your friendship, you will share many experiences together. Some of these may be great adventures or hard times that the two of you go through together. These shared experiences are things that you will laugh about, talk about, and cry about no matter how much time passes.
Tip 3. Sacrificial（牺牲精神的）love
Love is the basis（基础）of all solid relationships. I am not referring to the emotion（情感） of love, but to the action of love. Love is what will cause a friend to get out of bed in the middle of the night to help another. Love is what will put aside someone’s own wants to make sure that thei
r friend is alright.
Tip 4. Understanding
When a friendship is solid, it will be based on each other’s understanding. You may not agree with everything that a friend says or does, but you will be able to put yourself into his or her shoes to begin to understand. Offering understanding to a friend is very important, as it allows them to feel that they have someone in their corner that they can talk to and who will offer advice and suggestions, without having to worry that if they don’t always follow it, the friendship will be lost.
Tip 5. Acceptance
A solid friendship is one in which two people accept one another, faults and all, for just who they are. There is no having to build up false excuses, or hide away the “dark secrets” from one another. We accept each other as whole, complete, and totally unique people.What’s the best title of Tip 1?
| A．Introduction of yourself. | B．Telling the truth |
| C．Honesty | D．True friendships |
Which tip can remind us of an English proverb “Love me, love my dog”?
| A．Tip 2. | B．Tip 3. | C．Tip 4. | D．Tip 5. |
What’s the meaning of the underlined part “put yourself into his or her shoes” in Tip 4?
| A．Exchange your shoes with his or hers. | B．Try on his or her shoes. |
| C．Put yourself in his or her position. | D．Force yourself. |
What’s the best title of the whole passage?
| A．A solid friendship | B．The most important relationships |
| C．Five tips for you | D．Tips on how to build a solid friendship |