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Anne Sewell Young was born on January 2, 1871, in the United States. She earned her bachelor’s degree in 1892 from Carleton College in Minnesota, where she also completed a master’s degree in 1897. She went on to earn a PhD (something very unusual for women in those days) from Columbia University in 1906.
Anne Sewell Young was the most famous of the early astronomy students at Carleton College, and one of the few professional women astronomers of her days. Carleton produced half a dozen professional women astronomers in the first 50 years of the course, but she was the only one whose name was recorded in the college’s “Who’s Who”(名人录)
Anne Sewell Young was a number of the AAVSO(美国变星观测者协会). She handed in over 6,500 observations over a 33-year period, and was also one of the first AAVSO Council members.
In 1881, Mt. Holyoke College set up the John Payson Williston Observatory (天文台), and in 1899 Young was named its director. In 1903, a library and a lecture room were added to the observatory building, and in 1907 astronomy was made a course in which one could major at the college, with Yong serving as Department Chair. She retired in 1936, and Alice Farnsworth succeeded her.
Young continued to work on astronomy, publishing her last paper in 1942. She died on August 15, 1961, in California.
68.   Put the following events in the correct order.
a.      Young graduated from Columbia University.
b.      Young served at Carleton College.
c.      Young served as Department Chair.
d.      Young publish her last paper.
A. b, a, c, d                 B. c, b, d, a
C. b, c, d, a                 D. b, d, a, c
69. From the passage we learn that Carleton College made great contribution to      .
A. “Who’s who”
B. astronomy
C. the AAVSO
D. Mt. Holyoke College
70. What is the author’s attitude toward Anne Sewell Young?
A. Negative       B. Neutral       C. positive.      D. We don’t know.

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Space travel is definitely bad for astronauts’ bones, reducing their bone density(密度) after only a month of weightlessness, according to French research published on Friday.
Laurence Vico and his fellow workers at St Etienne University called for more research into the effects of microgravity, after their study of 15 astronauts from the Russian MIR station showed bone loss continued throughout space flights.
“Bone loss was especially striking in four astronauts, ” the scientists reported in the Lancet Medical Journal.
They measured the bone mineral density (BMD) of bones in the forearm(前臂) and lower leg of the astronauts who had spent one to six months in space.
The BMD loss was significant in the tibia(胫骨) of the lower leg, a weight-bearing bone, but barely changed in the radius(桡骨) of the forearm. “Our results indicate the need to investigate not only different bones, but also different areas of the same bone since not all sites of the skeleton (骨架) are similarly affected by space conditions, ” they added.
Without gravity the body isn’t bearing any weight so there is no need for calcium (钙) which makes bones strong, and it becomes empty into the bloodstream.
The research team suggested in future scientists should try to determine if the loss of bone density was only on weight-bearing bones on longer flights, also the possible recovery after returning to Earth.
French scientists did their research on Russian astronauts, because _______.

A.they only cared for the Russian astronauts
B.they were not interested in their own astronauts
C.the Russian government invited them to do their research
D.the Russian astronauts worked in space for a long time

Scientists have found that _______.

A.the BMD loss may cause serious illness to astronauts
B.the BMD loss may cause some change in astronauts’ bodies
C.astronauts shouldn’t care about the BMD loss
D.astronauts should take some calcium before space travel

What cause the BMD loss to astronauts, according to this passage?

A.The food they eat in space. B.The drinks they take in space.
C.The temperature in space. D.The gravity in space.

In the third paragraph, the word “striking” means ______.

A.unusual B.simple C.weak D.slow

If you see someone drowning, speed is very important. Once you get him out of the water, if he isn't breathing, you have four minutes before his brain is completely destroyed. Support his neck, move his head back and press his chin upwards. This stops the tongue blocking the airway in the throat and is sometimes enough to get him breathing again. If that doesn't work, start mouth-to-mouth breathing. Press his nostrils (the two holes at the end of your nose, through which you breathe and smell things) together with your fingers. Open your mouth and take a deep breath. Blow into his lungs until his chest rises, then remove your mouth and watch his chest fall. Repeat twelve times a minute. Keep doing until professional help arrives.
To bring a child back to life, keep your lips around his mouth and gently blow into his mouth. Give the first four breaths as quickly as possible to fill the blood with oxygen. If, in spite of your efforts, he starts turning a blue-grey colour, and you can feel no pulse, then pressing is the last chance of saving his life.
With arms straight, rock forwards, pressing down on the lower half of the breastbone. Don't be too hard or you may break a rib. Check how effective you are by seeing if his colour improves or his pulse becomes independent to your chest pressing. If this happens, stop the pressing. Otherwise continue until rescue arrives.
If you want to save someone drowning, you __________.

A.have to pull off his clothes first . B.should try to get him out of water as quickly as possible.
C.should first make out who he is. D.ought to throw a life coat to him first .

Once a person stops breathing, it means ___________.

A.you have no more than 4 minutes to bring him to life again .
B.his brain is completely damaged .
C.he has passed away .
D.there is no way to save his life .

To press his chin upwards is a way to _____________.

A.keep the tongue from blocking the airway in the throat.
B.prevent the tongue from stopping the airway in the throat.
C.wipe the tongue out of the throat .
D.see if he can possibly be saved .

If the drowning boy has no pulse,_____________.

A.press his chin upwards is enough to get him breathing .
B.blow air into his mouth is sure to save his life .
C.press his nostrils together with your fingers can work .
D.press is the last chance of saving his life .

Which of the following statement is true?

A.Don’t stop pressing his chest, if the drowning man starts breathing again.
B.If you see someone drowning, you must give him mouth-to-mouth breathing.
C.If a man does not breathe for four minutes, his brain will be completely destroyed.
D.When pressing, you can do it as hard as you can.

According to researchers.money can buy happiness, but only if you spend it on someone else.
Spending as little as $5 a day on someone else could significantly bring you happiness, the team at the University of British Columbia and Harvard Business School found.
Their experiments on more than 630 Americans showed they were measurably(适度地) happier when they spent money on others--even if they thought spending the money on themselves would make them happier.
"We wanted to test our theory that how people spend their money is at least as important as how much money they earn," said Elizabeth Dunn, a psychologist at the University of British Columbia.
They asked their 600 volunteers first to rate their general happiness, report their annual income and detail their monthly spending including bills, gifts for themselves, gifts for others and donations to charity.
"Regardless of how much income each person made, those who spent money on others reported greater happiness, while those who spent more on themselves did not," Dunn said in a statement.
Dunn's team also surveyed 16 employees at a company in Boston before and after they received an annual profit-sharing bonus(奖金) of between $3,000 and $8,000.
"Employees who devoted more of their bonus to pro-social spending experienced greater happiness after receiving the bonus, and the manner in which they spent that bonus was a more important predictor of their happiness than the size of the bonus itself," they wrote in their report, published in the journal Science.
They gave their volunteers $5 or $20 and half got clear instructions on how to spend it.Those who spent the money on someone or something else reported feeling happier about it.
"These findings suggest that very minor alterations(改动) in spending allocations(分配) - as little as $5 - may be enough to produce real gains in happiness on a given day," Dunn said.
According to the passage,_____________.

A.the more money you spend on others, the happier you are
B.spending money on others can bring you happiness
C.Elizabeth Dunn is a psychologist from Harvest Business School
D.six hundred volunteers took part in the experiment

The 16 employees mentioned in the passage _________.

A.were given clear instructions on how to spend the bonus
B.had more happiness than the size of the bonus itself
C.experienced greater happiness after receiving their bonus
D.felt happier after they contributed much of the bonus of charities

Dunn’s statement suggested that ______________.

A.those who spent money on others felt happier no matter how much they earned
B.those who spent more money on themselves felt happier
C.people thought spending money could make themselves happier
D.the money spent was as important as the money earned

The best title of this passage is ___________.

A.Experiment on Money Spending
B.Spending Money on Others Makes One Happier
C.Devoting Your Money to Charities
D.Bonus and Pro-social Spending

Young Chinese travelers are also looking to experience something different.Rather than join package tours to tourist attractions, they are getting to know the locals by combining travel with work and study.Let's explore some unconventional ways of travelling.
Homestay
Visitors pay their host family for the accommodation in return for an unforgettable cultural experience.You should respect the house rules.You will participate fully in the family's daily life and improve your language.Students arrange homestays through their university or reputable agencies.
Check homestayfinder.com or homestaybooking.com.
Laboring on a farm
This is a way to learn about sustainable living and meet local farmers.In return for volunteer work on organic farms, your hosts offer free food and accommodation.You usually work for at least four hours a day and tasks range from composting (堆制肥料) to building with mud bricks.Willing Workers On Organic Farms (www.finternational.org) is the main organization which facilitates these experiences.For more projects, visit: pickyourown.org/jobsonfarms.htm
Volunteering
Volunteering gives you a sense of satisfaction as you improve the lives of those less fortunate.You can work in a hospital, help build schools, or volunteer at an orphanage in Africa.Do not expect to live in luxury and be prepared to get your hands dirty.Volunteers pay for their own airfares.
For more info, visit: worldwidehelper.org, and isvonline.com
Intern (实习) overseas
Organizations such as ALESEC (aiesec.org) arrange paid internships with different companies.They partner with companies to offer work.The length of an internship ranges from six weeks to 18 months.Check: nextstepconnections.com
Which way of travelling should you experience if you want to know about a different culture and improve your foreign language?

A.Homestay B.Laboring on a farm C.Volunteering D.Intern

overseas
Who may help you to work on a farm?

A.Reputable agency B.University
C.Willing Workers On Organic Farms D.ALESEC

What should you do if you want to help the less fortunate?

A.Live in a host family B.Volunteer at an orphanage
C.Work in a company D.Work on organic farms

Where can you get information on internship in different companies?

A.Homestayfinder.com
B.Pickyourown.org/jobsonfarms.htm
C.Worldwidehelper.org,and isvonline.com
D.Nextstepconnections.com

Scientists made a great break through this year in England when the first "test tube" baby was born.The birth was the result of many years of research by doctors.The doctors did the research in groups to help the women who cannot conceive a baby in the normal way.
What happened when the baby was born "from a test tube"? Well, the baby did not literally grow in a test tube.The first stage of the process was that the egg from the woman and the sperm from the man were put together in the test tube.After all, the embryo was put into the womb of a woman.This process was difficult.But it was successful, so the baby was eventually born, like any other, from a woman, only the woman wasn't the baby's real mother, but a sort of "carrier" of a baby produced by another couple.
Obviously, this method is to help to couples who can't have children because of physical problems in the woman.But very difficult moral problems arise in the kind of situation.Take it for instance, a case that happened this year.A couple who wanted a baby advertised for a woman to have a child by the father of the couple.They offered the woman a lot of money.The woman was made pregnant by artificial insemination; in this case, the woman "employed" to bear the child was its real mother.When the baby was born, the woman refused to give it back to the couple.But, in the eyes of the law, the woman had a right to keep the children because she was its biological mother.
You could argue that we should change the law to deal with this kind of situation.In earlier times, there were always healthy babies needing adoption, because family planning methods were not so effective as they are now.These days, however, most of the children who can be adopted are over six years old, often handicapped in some way.So a couple who want a young healthy baby cannot always adopt one, this is why the "test tube" baby is in demand.But is it normally right to use this method? Should we temper with nature in this way? Even if we change the law, would this be the right step to take ?
The birth of the first "test-tube" baby is a great advance _____.

A.on medical science
B.in birth control
C.on the research for babies
D.in the lives of married women

When we say a baby was born "from a test-tube", we mean_____ .

A.the baby didn't develop in the womb of a woman
B.the baby has no biological parents
C.the embryo was formed in the test tube
D.the baby grew in the test-tube before it was born

According to the law, who has right to keep the baby produced by the artificial method?

A.The couple who want a baby.
B.The biological mother of the child.
C.The person who pays the money to the real mother.
D.The father who advertises for a biological mother.

According to the passage, people need "test-tube baby" because_____ .

A.family planning methods are not effective.
B.they can't always adopt a young healthy baby
C.they are unwilling to adopt a child.
D.there are so many babies needing adoption.

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