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NOT all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget
bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive these experiences in nightmares.
Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce ,or possibly erase(抹去),the effect of painful memories.
In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased.
The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it.
Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers' troubling memories after war. They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories.
“Some memories can ruin people's lives . They come back to you when you don't want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions,” said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. "This could relieve a lot of that suffering."
But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity (特质). They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past.
"All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. I'm not sure we want to wipe those memories out, "said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist.
47. The passage is mainly about _________.
A. a new medical invention
B. a new research on the pill
C. a way of erasing painful memories
D. an argument about the research on the pill
48. The drug tested on people can __________.
A. cause the brain to fix memories
B. stop people remembering bad experiences
C. prevent body producing certain chemicals
D. Wipe out the emotional effects of memories
49. We can infer from the passage that ___________.
A. people doubt the effects of the pills
B. the pill will stop people's bad experiences
C. taking the pill will do harm to people's health
D. the pill has probably been produced in America
50. Which of the following does Rebecca Dresser agree with?
A. Some memories can ruin people's lives.
B. People want to get rid of bad memories.
C. Experiencing bad events makes us different from others.
D. The pill will reduce people's sufferings from bad memories.

科目 英语   题型 阅读理解   难度 较易
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Vincent Van Gogh was not always an artist. In fact, he wanted to be a church minister and was even sent to the Belgian mining community of Borinage in 1879. He discovered that the miners there endured terrible working conditions and poverty-level wages. Their families were skin-and-bone and struggled simply to survive. He felt concerned that the small pay he received from the church allowed him a reasonable lifestyle, which, in contrast, seemed to him unfair.
One cold February evening, while he watched the miners trudging home, he spotted an old man staggering toward him across the fields, wrapped in a burlap(粗麻布) bag for warmth. Van Gogh laid his own clothing out on the bed, set aside enough for one change, and decided to give the rest away. He gave the old man a suit of clothes and he gave his overcoat to a pregnant woman whose husband had been killed in a cave-in.
He lived on starvation food and spent his salary on food for the miners. When children in one family caught typhoid fever, though feverish himself, he packed up his bed and took it to them.
A wealthy family in the community offered him free room and board, Van Gogh declined the offer, stating that it was the final temptation (诱惑) he must reject if he was to faithfully serve his community of poor miners. He believed that if he wanted them to trust him, he must become one of them. And if they were to learn of the love of God through him, he must love them enough to share with them.
He was acutely aware of the big difference between words and actions. He knew that our lives always speak louder and clearer than our words. Maybe that is why Francis of Assisi often said to his monks, “Wherever you go, preach(讲道). Use words if necessary.”
Others are “listening” carefully to your actions. What are you saying to them?
1. We can infer form the passage ____________.
A. our lives always speak louder and clearer than our words
B. the miners there worked under excellent working conditions
C. the ministers lived a much better and easier life than the miners at the time
D. Van Gogh himself offered to work in the Belgian mining community of Borinage in 1879.
2. What does the underlined word “trudging” in the second paragraph mean?
A. Moving very quicklyB. Moving with quick light steps
C. Walking slowly for pleasure. D. Walking with slow heavy steps.
3. According to the passage, which of the following words can best describe Van Gogh?
A. Ambitious and aggressive. B. Considerate and sympathetic
C. Greedy and selfish. D. Determined and grateful
4. What does the last paragraph want to tell us?
A. Use words if necessary B. Actions speak louder than words
C. Rome was not built in a day. D. Where there is a will there is a way.

Watch out, Yahoo. There is a search engine out there with super speed and accuracy. It’s very cool.
Google is the Web’s largest search engine. In just two years it has gained a reputation for surprising speed and accuracy, delivering what you are looking for in a second. The site now does this 40 million times a day --- a number achieved without spending a penny on a TV or newspaper ad.
Google doesn’t need them. In the past six months alone, the site has won a Webby (the online version of the Oscar) for technical excellence, set a new record for search engines by indexing a billion Web pages.
Yahoo still has ten times the audience, but Google consistently ranks first in customer satisfaction: 97% of users find what they are looking for most or all of the time. “You see people smile when they use it, like they’ve found something no one else knows about,” says Danny Sullivan, editor of an online newsletter.
No one is smiling more than Larry Page, 27, and Sergey Brin, 26, who seem certain to become billionaires when the company goes public, probably sometime in 2004. they make a great comedy duo(成对的表演者)。When they first met as Ph. D. students, the pair say, they found each other horrible – “I still find him horrible,” adds Brin – but driven together by a computer-science project aimed at coming up with better ways of searching the Web.
The idea behind the Google is that traditional search engines are stupid. They think relevance (关联) is based on repetition; if you type in a request for Tiger Woods, say, you’ll get websites listed according to how many times those words appear. Not only is this no guarantee of quality, but it’s also open to abuse. If you own a Tiger fan site and want to lead more people to it, simply type his name thousands of times in the site’s source code(编码).
1What does the underlined word “them” in the third paragraph refer to?
A. 40 million times B. Speed and accuracy.
C. TV and newspaper ads.D. Web pages
2. Which of the following win greater customer satisfaction?
A. Yahoo B. Tiger Woods C. Larry Page D. Google
3. It can be inferred that Page and Brin ______________.
A. hold very important positions in Google
B. are two ordinary computer programmers of Google.
C. used to hate each other very much
D. hold quite different opinions of computer-science
4. We can learn from the last paragraph that ___________.
A. Google is open to abuse
B. Google remains a traditional search engine
C. Google thinks relevance is based on repetition
D Google is better than traditional search engines

第三部分:阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)
When I first heard that Zhang Yimou, China’s leading director most well-known for Hero in the West, was remaking the Coen Brothers’ first film, Blood Simple, a question immediately came into my mind: Would A Simple Noodle Story be directed by the good Zhang Yimou or the bad Zhang Yimou? The answer: neither.
Starting with his first time as a cinema-photographer on Yellow Earth right after graduating from film school in the early 80s, everything Zhang shot was inspired. In the late 80s and early 90s, he directed several movies already considered classics, including the banned To Live.
A Simple Noodle Story is set in the late Ming Dynasty (1368--1644), follows several amusing characters working in a restaurant in the faraway, but naturally beautiful, western province of Gansu, Zhang brought together a group of popular comedic(喜剧) actors led by Xiao Shenyang, who shot to fame earlier this year because of his very funny styles. Shenyang’s character, Li Si, is having an affair with his boss’s wife, who is simply called “Boss’ Wife” throughout the movie.
A Simple Noodle Story, which started national Screening Friday, is already bringing in money, scoring a total box office income of 67.1 million yuan($9.83 million) by Sunday morning and is expecting its first weekend to reach 100 million yuan ($14.65 million).
In spite of the box office success, the film has received mixed reviews. Most local media admitted Zhang’s success in entertaining the public, but writer Han Han wrote in his blog that A Simple Noodle Story is more like a long-drawn-out TV comedy and that Zhang has made no improvement in directing since his first film.
In his defense, Zhang said that he was just trying to have fun with the film. “I’m not a master of artistic films. I’m just trying to make a fun movie.”
1. Which of the following about A Simple Noodle Story is wrong?
A. Xiao Shenyang was the host of the film.
B. It has earned a lot of money after being put on.
C. It is about a story happening in the ancient times.
D. Xiao Shenyang became famous because of the character of Li Si.
2. What kind of result has A Simple Noodle Story got?
A. It has earned a little money and bad reviews.
B. It has earned lots of money but bad reviews.
C. It has earned little money but good reviews.
D. It has earned lots of money with good and bad reviews.
3. What does Han Han think of Zhang’s direction?
A. He thinks it’s improved to a higher level.
B. He thinks it can prove Zhang’s new improvement.
C. He thinks it has fallen down to the bottom at the beginning.
D. He thinks Zhang is a master of artistic films.
4. From the last paragraph we know Zhang________.
A. wants to protect himself with fighting words
B. just wants to have fun with a film
C. just wants to make money with a fun film
D. wants to prove his ability to be great director.


The GUARANTEE ON THIS WATER HEATER IS IN EFFECT ONLY WHEN THE HEATER IS INSTALLED AND OPERATED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THESE INSTRUCTIONS. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS THOROUGHLY BEFORE STARTING.
LOCATION:
  Select a location accessible to water lines and power supply. Do not locate the heater where water lines could be subjected to(受…影响) freezing temperatures. It is recommended that the heater be located near the center of greatest hot water usage to prevent heat loss through the pipes.
ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS:
  Before any electrical connections are made, be sure that the heater is full of water and that the valve(阀门) in the cold water supply line is open.
OPERATION
When the switch is closed, the operation of this electric water heater is automatic. The thermostats are preset to the "HOT" setting to provide a water temperature of approximately 120oF to reduce the risk of being burnt.
MAITENACE
Shut off the electric power whenever the water supply is turned off.
Shut off the electric power, water supply and drain the heater completely to prevent freezing whenever the building is left unoccupied during the cold weather months.
SERVICE
The trip–free devices on this heater will cut off all power if temperature of water is above 190F. If there is no hot water after a reasonable period of time, check the main fuse(保险丝) box. In the event that the fuses have not blown, call a serviceman.
1.The location of the water heater shall ___________.
A. be close to water lines and power supply
B. be subjected to low temperature
C. be in the centre of the house
D. have a longer distance to hot water usage.
2.Before any connection of power , make sure that one thing you have to do is _____.
A. to have the heater in the water B. to open the cold water inlet valve.
C. to shut off the thermostats D. to replace wiring diagram
3.When you are not using the heater in winter months, it is better for you to________.
A. have the tank full of clear water B. drain the heater
C. to leave it untouched D. prevent it from losing heat
4. What will happen to the heater when the temperature of water is above 190F?
A. it will cause damage B. It will break off automatically.
C. It will produce cold water. D. It will blow the fuse.


Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is one of life essentials. Eating breakfast at the start of the day, we have all been told, and told again, is as necessary as putting gasoline in the family car before starting a trip.
But for many people the thought of food first in the morning is by no means a pleasure. So despite all the efforts, they still take no breakfast. During the past ten years the number of people who didn’t have breakfast, have increased by 33 percent.
For those who feel pain of guilt about not eating breakfast, however, there is some good news. Several studies in the last few years indicate that, for adults especially, there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast. “Going without breakfast does not affect performance,” said Arrold E. Bender, former professor of the nutrition at Queen Elizabeth College in London, “nor does giving people breakfast improve performance.”
Scientific evidence linking breakfast to better health or better performance is surprisingly not enough, and most of the recent works are about adults, not children, “The literature”, says one researcher, Dr. Erresto at the University of Texas, “is poor”.
1. For those who do not take breakfast, the good news is that _______.
A.several studies have been done in the past few years
B. not having breakfast does no harm to one’performance
C.studies have been specially on adults
D.eating little in the morning is good for health
2.“…nor does giving people breakfast improve performance” means ______.
A.anyone without breakfast does improve his performance
B.not giving people breakfast improve performance
C.having breakfast does not improve performance, either
D.people having breakfast do improve their performance
3. The word “literature” in the last sentence refers to _______.
A. poems, plays, etc. B. written works on a particular subject
C. the famous works in history D. the modern stories of America
4. What is implied but NOT stated by the author is that _______.
A.breakfast does not affect performance
B.Dr. Erresto is engaged in research work at the University of Texas
C.not eating breakfast might affect the health of children
D.Professor Bender once taught nutrition in London

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