Night after night，she came to tuck me in，even long after my childhood years．Following her longstanding custom，she'd lean down and push my long．hair out of the way，then kiss my fore—head．
I don't remember when it first started annoying me—her hands pushing my hair that way． But it did annoy me，for they felt work—worn and mush against my young skin．Finally，one night，I shouted out at her，"Don't do that any more--your hands are too rough!" She didn't say anything in reply．But never again did my mother close out my day with that familiar expression of her love．
Time after time，with the passing years，my thoughts returned to that night．By then I missed my mother's hands．missed her goodnight kiss on my forehead．Sometimes the incident seemed very close，sometimes far away．But always it lurked，in the back of my mind．
Well，the years have passed，and I'm not a little girl anymore．Mom is in her mid—seventies．and those hands I once thought to be so rough are still doing things for me and my family．She's been our doctor，reaching into a medicine cabinet(医药箱)for the remedy(药物)to calm a young girl's stomach or soothe(安慰)the boy's scraped knee．She cooks the best fried chicken in the world…gets stains out of blue cans, like I never could…
Now, my own children are grown and gone．Mom no longer has Dad，and on special occasions．I find myself drawn next door to spend the night with her．So it was late on Thanksgiving Eve, as I slept in the bedroom of my youth, a familiar hand hesitantly run across, my face to brush the hair from my forehead．Then a kiss，ever so gently，touched my brow(额头)．
In my memory，for the thousandth time，I recalled the night my young voice complained，"Don't do that any more--your hands are too rough!" Catching Mom's hand in hand，I blurted (冲口说出)out how sorry I was for that night．I thought she'd remember ，as I did．But Mom didn't know what I Was talking about．She had forgotten--and forgiven—long ago．
That night, I fell asleep with a new appreciation for my gentle mother and her carrying hands. And the guilt that I had carried around for so long was nowhere to be found．What would be the best title for the text?
| A．Mother's Hands | B．Appreciation for Mother． |
| C．My Childhood Years． | D．My Unselfish Mother． |
The author began to get annoyed because .
| A．her mother's hands were really old and tough |
| B．she thought she didn't need her mother's care |
| C．she didn't like her mother any more |
| D．her mother stayed in her room too long |
What do we know about the author?
| A．With time passing, she began to understand her mother． |
| B．She was an only child in the family． |
| C．She never forgave herself． |
| D．Her mother was a doctor． |
By saying "Then a kiss，ever so gently，touched my brow．"，the author means that________
| A．children need Mother's kissing | B．mothers kiss their children gently |
| C．mothers love their children forever | D．children depend on their mothers |
It can be inferred from the text that _____________
| A．the author began to spend nights with her mother |
| B．her mother never kissed author again |
| C．her mother forgave her at last |
| D．the author felt guilty of what she did to her mother |
Below is an entry taken from an English dictionary．
“Be careful not to scratch the furniture" most probably means “Be careful not to”．
| A．remove any marks | B．damage its surface |
| C．make any noises | D．change its position |
The word "scratch" in "Some drawings had been scratched on the back of the door" has the same meaning as in“”．
| A．We scratched some of the dirt away |
| B．The car's paintwork is badly scratched |
| C．The dog; kept scratching at the door to go out． |
| D．They scratched lines in the dirt to make marks |
“She．had scratched because of a knee injury" might imply that “She couldn't．
| A．take part in a race | B．cancel a prepared activity' |
| C．make a living af6ne | D．make enough money |
When the French girl says "I learned German from scratch iii six months she means she．
| A．had previously well prepared |
| B．was unsatisfied with her German |
| C．knew no German before that |
| D．found few materials available |
A letter of reply is sometimes a most treasured thing． Here is a story that tells about this common and natural human sentiment．
The busiest woman in Labrador during one bitter cold Christmas not very long ago, was an Australian nurse by the naI11e of Kate Austen． But Nurse Austen was not too busy to acknowledge with a long, friendly letter every gift of food or clothing received for distribution to the natives in that cold and poor district of the north． Among the gifts was a box of knittings for children, knitted（编织）and sent by a woman in Toronto．
Nurse Austen was busy, exhausted and not feeling too well that winter．She could have written just ordinary routine notes of acknowledgement． But that was not her way． She sat down and wrote the woman in Toronto a real letter telling all about the village, and the names of the children who were wearing the knitted gloves and caps, and what they said -when they got them, and how they looked when they wore them．She wanted the woman who had knitted and sent all those lovely knittings "to see how much happiness and warmth she had created．" Not long after, she received the following answer from Canada．
Dear Miss Austen:
Your letter made me happy． I did not expect such a full return． I am eighty years old, and I am blind． There is little I can do except knit, and that is why I knit so many caps and sweaters and scarves．Of course I cannot write this, so my daughter-in-law is doing it for me．She also sewed the seams and made the buttonholes for the knitted things．
I know something of the work you are doing． At the age of nineteen I married a man who was going to China to be a missionary(传教士）． For forty years, with an occasional year at home in America, we Worked in China, and during that time our two sons and a daughter were born to us, of whom only one son survives．\After forty years, my husband's health began to fail． We returned to the States where he took charge of a settlement house in Brooklyn, New York． A surprising number of the problems we faced there were similar to the problems we had met in China．When my husband died, I came to Toronto to live with my son and daughter-in-law． They are very good to me, and I pride myself that I am little trouble to them, though it is hard for a blind old lady to be sure of anything．
What I most want to say, my dear, is this． For sixty years I have been making up missionary packages of such clothing or food or medicine or books as I could collect． In various parts of the world and to various parts of the world I have sent them．Sometimes I have received a printed note of acknowledgement from the headquarters depot or mission board, sometimes nothing．Occasionally I :have been informed that my contribution was planned for Syria or Armenia or the upper Yangtze． But never before in all that time have l had a personal letter picturing the village and telling me who is wearing the clothing and what they said．I did not suppose that ever in my lifetime I should receive a letter like that．
May God bless you．
Sincerely yours,
The underlined word “sentiment”（in Paragraph l） most probably means“”?
| A．view point | B．gentle feeling |
| C．way of thinking | D．expression of attitude |
The underlined sentence “But that was not her way” （in Paragraph 3） implies that．
| A．she would not just write an ordinary letter of thanks |
| B．she was too busy to write a note of acknowledgement |
| C．she was not busy, exhaustec3 0r feeling too well that time |
| D．she wrote a letter telling all about the village and the children |
Why was Laura so happy when she received the letter from Miss Austen? Because．
| A．the letter was* from an Australian nurse |
| B．she was already eighty years old and blind |
| C．she had never received a letter like that |
| D．the letter was not supposed to reach her |
Ms． Laura N． Russell is now living in．
| A．China | B．Australia | C．Canada | D．the States |
For decades, Ms． Laura has been toand sent contributions to people all over the world．
| A．Toronto and New York only | B．Syria and Armenia once |
| C．the upper Yangtze area alone | D．many places of the world |
In a world as fast-changing and full of information as our own, all of us need to know how to learn well. Yet evidence suggests that most of us don’t use the learning techniques that science has proved the most effective.
The scientific literature evaluating these techniques goes back to decades and across thousands of articles. It’s far too extensive and complex for the average parent, teacher or employer to look through. Fortunately, a team of five leading psychologists have done the job for us.
Professor John Dunlosky and other psychologists closely examined 10 learning strategies and rated each from high to low utility(实用) on the basis of the evidence they’ve gathered. Here’s part of their conclusions:
In contrast to familiar practices, the effective learning strategies with the most evidence to support them aren’t well known outside the lab. Take distributed practice, for example. This strategy involves spreading out your study time, rather than engaging in one marathon. Cramming (死记硬背）information at the last minute may allow you to get through that test or meeting, but the material will quickly disappear from your memory. It’s much more effective to look through the material at intervals over time.
And the longer you want to remember the information, whether it’s two weeks or two years, the longer the intervals should be.
The second learning strategy that is highly recommended by Dunlosky is practice testing. Yes, more tests---but there not for a grade. Research shows that the mere act of calling information to mind strengthens that knowledge and aids in future retrieval (检索). While practice testing is not a common strategy---despite the strong evidence supporting it ---there is one familiar approach that captures its benefits: using flash cards. And now flash cards can be presented in digital form. Both distributed practice and practice testing were rated as having “high utility” by Dunlosky. How did the psychologists study and rate the learning strategies?
| A．By analyzing the materials gathered in the past years. |
| B．By asking some students questions about their study. |
| C．By doing some experiments on the objects in the lab. |
| D．By asking parents and teachers to look through the articles. |
The underlined word “extensive” in Para.2 means _____.
| A．small in amount |
| B．easy or quick to do |
| C．more than is needed |
| D．dealing with a lot of information |
About distributed practice and practice testing, it’s true that _____.
| A．many students have benefited a lot from them |
| B．they were first put forward by John Dunlosky |
| C．only a small number of experts know about them |
| D．psychologists are studying whether they are effective |
The strategy of distributed practice shows that ______.
| A．we should not study for long hours every day |
| B．reviewing what we have studied is of little help |
| C．the shorter the interval is, the better we’ll study |
| D．doing repetition at intervals is the best way |
The evidence shows that the strategy of practice testing ______.
| A．is a way to use flash cards to help study |
| B．is mainly used to help us remember well |
| C．helps know about students’ grades in time |
| D．is a way widely used to strengthen memory |
Why do human beings still risk their lives under ground and doing one of the dirtiest and most dangerous jobs in the world? It is an increasingly urgent question, given the recent mining accidents in Sago, W. Va and Huntington, Utah. A small group of engineers and robotics experts look forward to a day in the not-too-distant future when robots and other technology do most of the dangerous mining work.
Robotic technology, in particular, holds much promise, McAteer says, especially when it comes to mapping mines and rescuing trapped miners --- the special operations of the mining industry.
One of the first mining robots was developed five years ago at Carnegie Mellon University’s Robotics Institute. It was called Groundhog. It used lasers(激光器) to “see” in dark tunnels and map abandoned mines—some of the most dangerous work in the business.
The latest design is called Cave Crawler. It’s a bit smaller than Groundhog，and even more advanced. It can take photos and videos and has more sensors that can detect the presence of dangerous gases. Incredibly，the robot has a real sense of logic. If it comes across an obstacle it gets momentarily confused. It has to think about what to do and where to go next. Sometimes it throws a fit just like a real person.
The greatest problem, though, is cost. The money of the earliest research project was provided by the government, but that money had dried up, and it’s not clear where future money will come from. Partly for that reason, and partly because of advances in safety, mining is not nearly as dangerous as it was in the past. Since 1990, fatalities(致命性) have declined by 67% and injuries by 51% , according to the National Mining Association.
Some experts predict that robots in mines will serve much of the same function that they do in the automotive industry. The robots do the most boring and dangerous jobs，but won’t get rid of the need for human workers. The latest robot is more advanced than Groundhog, mainly because ____.
| A．it can map abandoned mines |
| B．it can see in the dark tunnels |
| C．it’s smaller than Groundhog |
| D．it has a real sense of logic |
The underlined phrase “throws a fit” in paragraph 4 probably means“______”
| A．gets angry | B．gets sick |
| C．becomes hungry | D．becomes cheerful |
We can infer from the last paragraph that _____ .
| A．robots in mines will serve much in the automotive industry |
| B．there will be no need for human workers in mines |
| C．the mine robots will have a very bright future |
| D．robots in mines only do some simple jobs now |
We can infer from the text that ______.
| A．the mining robots do most of the mining work at present |
| B．groundhog can discover the presence of dangerous gases |
| C．experts are trying to make robots help miners with dangerous work |
| D．robots cannot do dangerous work in dark areas |
What can be the best title for the text?
| A．Mining Accidents in America |
| B．Robots in Mines |
| C．Cave crawler, the Latest Robot |
| D．The Future of Robots |
The evidence for harmony may not be obvious in some families. But it seems that four out of five young people now get on well with their parents, which is the opposite of the popularly-held image of unhappy teenagers locked in their room after endless family quarrels.
An important new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family life is more harmonious than it had ever been in the past. “We were surprised by just how positive today’s young people seem to be about their families,” said one number of the research team. “They’re expected to be rebellious and selfish but actually they have other things on their minds: they want a car and material goods, and they worry about whether school is serving them well. There’s more negotiation and discussion between parents and children, and children expect to take part in the family decision-making process. They don’t want to rock the boat.”
So it seems that this generation of parents is much more likely than parents of 30 years ago to treat their children as friends. “My parents are happy to discuss things with me and willing to listen to me,” says 17-year-old Daniel Lazall. “I always tell them when I’m going out clubbing. As long as they know what I’m doing, they’re fine with me.” Susan Crome, who is now 21, agrees. “Looking back on the last 10 years, there was a lot of what you could call negotiation. For example, as long as I’d done all my homework, I could go out on a Saturday night. But I think my grandparents were a lot stricter with my parents than that.”
Maybe this positive view of family life should not be unexpected. It is possible that the idea of teenage rebellion is not rooted in real facts. A researcher comments, “Our surprise that teenagers say they get along well with their parents comes because of a brief period in our social history when teenagers were regarded as different beings. But that idea of rebelling and breaking away from their parents really only happened during that one time in the 1960s when everyone rebelled. The normal situation throughout history has been a smooth change from helping out with the family business to taking it over. ”What is the popular image of the teenagers today？
| A．They worry about school. |
| B．They dislike living with their parents. |
| C．They have to be locked in to avoid troubles. |
| D．They quarrel a lot with other family members. |
The study shows that teenagers don’t want to __________.
| A．share family responsibility |
| B．cause trouble in their families |
| C．go boating with their family |
| D．make family decisions |
Compared with parents of 30 years ago, today’s parents ____________.
| A．go to clubs more often with their children |
| B．are much stricter with their children |
| C．care less about their children’s life |
| D．give their children more freedom |
According to the writer, teenage rebellion __________.
| A．may be a false belief |
| B．is common nowadays |
| C．existed only in the 1960s |
| D．resulted from changes in families |
What is the passage mainly about？
| A．Negotiation in family. |
| B．Education in family. |
| C．Harmony in family. |
| D．Teenage trouble in family. |