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Health researchers have noticed that some groups of people are more consistently healthy than others, and wondered… Is it race? Income? Where you live? In the United States, these disagreements in health outcomes have been the focus of intense research for the past several decades.
Harvard University health policy researcher Ellen Meara says scholars have found some clues as to why some groups of people have more or less disease than others. She says one important factor in people’s health is the amount of education they have.
In her most recent paper, Meara looked at data from the United States census. Meara and her colleagues examined data from several decades.
“We looked at life expectancy(预测寿命)at age 25,” Meara says.
“How many additional years can you expect to live if you arrive at age 25 and your education has stopped at high school, or sooner? Versus how many years, can you expect to live if you’ve reached aged 25 and you’ve gone on to at least some college…”
Meara says they found that in 1990, a 25-year-old who only had some secondary school could expect to live for a total of 75 years. In 2000, a 25 year old with some secondary education could also expect to live to the age of 75.
In contrast, for a better educated 25-year-old, they could expect to live to the age of 80 in 1990. Someone with a similar education level in the year 2000, could expect to live to be more than 81 years, 81.6 years to be exact .
Meara says, not only do better-educated people live longer to begin with, but in the past ten years, more educated people has made gains in the length of their lives. Meanwhile, the life expectancy hasn’t changed for less educated people.
Some of these gains can be explained. Meara says researchers know that people who are more educated are more likely to quit smoking cigarettes, or not start at all, compared to people with less education.
“I think it’s a reminder not to be satisfactory,” Meara says. “Just because a population overall appears to be getting healthier, it doesn’t always mean that those advantages and successes that many people have enjoyed really extend into all parts of the population. And I think that's something to really pay attention to regardless of whether you live in the US or elsewhere.”
Meara points out that education can often determine income - people with more education frequently make more money. This makes them aware of health care, and purchase other resources and services that can keep them healthier. But the data on income do NOT show that people who make more money are automatically healthier.

Title
The Amount of __71_____Contributes to People’s Health
 
Comparisons
The less educated people
The ____72____ educated people
In 1990
They could live for 75 years
They could live to the age of 80
 
In 2000
Their life expectancy was the same as in 1990.
They could live to the age of 81.6 _____73____.
 
___74___ of the research
In the past ____75___
Their life expectancy remained ____76_____.
They’ve made gains in the length of their lives, partly ___77____ to their quitting smoking.
People are getting healthier, but it doesn’t mean that the advantages and successes extend into all parts of the population
 
Income____78_____ on education.
People with more education make more money
Getting more money helps to increase their
____79____ of health care, which can keep them healthier.
______80_____
Education is the key to better health.
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People are being lured (引诱) onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service without realizing they’re paying for it by giving up large amounts of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send targeted messages.
Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea what they’re paying for Facebook because people don’t really know what their personal data is worth.
The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules. Early on, you keep everything private. That was the great thing about facebook--you could create your own little private network. Last year, the company changed its privacy rules so that many things--your city, your photo, your friends' names--were set, by default (默认) to be shared with everyone on the Internet.
According to Facebook’s vice-president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don’t share information, they have a “less satisfying experience”.
Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. Its original business model, which involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the page, totally failed. Who wants to look at ads when they’re online connecting with their friends?
The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April, Senator(议员) Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Federal Trade Commission to set guidelines for social-networking sites. “I think the senator rightly communicated that we had not been clear about what the new products were and how people could choose to use them or not to use them,” Schrage admits.
I suspect that whatever Facebook has done so far to invade our privacy is only the beginning, which is why I’m considering deactivating(撤销) my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I’m upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people I don’t know. That’s too high a price to pay.
What do we learn about Facebook from the first paragraph?

A.It is a website that sends messages to targeted users.
B.It makes money by putting on advertisements.
C.It provides loads of information to its users.
D.It profits by selling its users’ personal data.

Why does Facebook make changes to its rules according to Elliot Schrage?

A.To provide better service to its users.
B.To follow the Federal guidelines.
C.To improve its users’ connectivity.
D.To expand its scope of business.

What does Senator Charles Schumer advocate(倡导)?

A.Setting guidelines for advertising on websites.
B.Banning the sharing of users’ personal information.
C.Removing ads from all social-networking sites.
D.Formulating (制订) regulations for social-networking sites..

Why does the author plan to cancel his Facebook account?

A.He is dissatisfied with its present service.
B.He doesn’t want his personal data abused.
C.He finds many of its users untrustworthy.
D.He is upset by its frequent rule changes.

Over the years, Brian Wansink, director of the Food and Brand Lab at Cornell University, has studied such things as how far Americans typically drive to buy food, how many times we refill our plates at all-you-can-eat buffets and how we organize our kitchens. In the mid-2000s he famously coined the phrase “mindless eating”(and wrote a book by that name) to focus attention on all the bad dietary decisions we make without really thinking about them.
His new book, Slim by Design: Mindless Eating Solutions for Everyday Life, aims to change the design of restaurants, school lunchrooms, office cafeterias and homes so that the mindless choices we make will be more healthful ones. Some examples:
Keep kitchen counters clear. No visible snack food, no bread, no nuts--not even breakfast cereal. In Wansink’s research, “women who had even one box of breakfast cereal that was visible-anywhere in their kitchen--weighed 21 pounds more than their neighbor who didn’t.”
Trick yourself into drinking less wine. “We tend to focus on the height of what we pour and not the width, so we pour 12 percent less wine into taller wineglasses than we pour into wider wineglasses.” And the shape of the glass is not the only variable that affects how much we drink. Wansink writes: “Because red wine is easier to see than white wine, we pour 9 percent less red wine whenever we pour a glass.”
Wansink said his researchers also found that people ate less at restaurants when sat in well-lighted areas near windows and doors, than in darker areas or in the back. They ate less if they were offered a doggie bag, or to-go box, before they got their meals: apparently the idea of getting a “free” second meal outweighed the impulse(冲动) to clean their plates. Workers who frequently ate at their desks weighed 15.4 pounds less, on average, than those who didn’t. Fruits and vegetables kept on the top shelf of the refrigerator were eaten at higher rates than those on lower shelves.
The point, Wansink says, is to consider findings like those and change your environment or habits. Then you won’t have to think about it: You’ll just eat less.
Why did Brian Wansink write Slim by Design: Mindless eating Solutions for Everyday Life?

A.Because he wanted people to become thin.
B.Because he wished to change the design of public places.
C.Because he hoped to coin a new phase “mindless eating”.
D.Because he intended to help people make more healthful dietary decision.

According to Wansink, which of the following affects the amount of wine we drink: ________.

A.the shape of wineglasses
B.the color of wineglasses
C.the taste of wine
D.the quality of wine

What’s the main idea of the passage?

A.Changing environment or habits of eating will help you eat less.
B.Eating fruits and vegetables is better for your health.
C.Keeping your kitchen counter clear of any food will help make you thin.
D.Many people eat or drink too much without paying attention to it.

Jacksonville is the largest city in Florida and has a large number of shopping malls to suit different tastes for tourists and guests to shop. Here are some great places where you can shop in Jacksonville.
Gateway Town Center
The venerable Gateway Town Center is one of Jacksonville’s oldest shopping malls, providing a wide mix of exciting stores and fun amusements! Gateway Town Center is located at 5184 Norwood Avenue and owns a mixture of retail boutiques (时装店), like Footlocker and Ashley Stewart. You can visit Gateway Town Center Mondays through Saturdays from 10:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m., and Sundays from noon to 6:00.
St. Johns Town Center
The newest and trendiest shopping destination in the city is St. Johns Town Center. This center has all your national favorites like Dillard’s, Barnes & Noble and Target as well as a great restaurant selection. St. Johns Towns Center is open from 10:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. Mondays through Saturdays and 11:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. on Sundays.
Regency Square Shopping Center
On 9501 Arlington Expressway stands the Regency Square Mall. Children like riding on the mall’s mini train while adults like to shop and socialize. Movie fans will like knowing that the Regency Square Mall has a 24 screen AMC theater. You can visit this mall from 10:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. Mondays through Saturdays, and Sundays from noon to 6:00 p.m.
River City Marketplace
River City Marketplace located in Jacksonville is the largest shopping mall in the city with 70 shops including such stores as Lowes, Wal-Mart Super Center, Pet Smart and Old Navy. All these shops can be found at the open-air plaza. The mall’s 14 screen Hollywood theaters are a great attraction for movie buffs. River City Marketplace’s hours of operation are 9:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. Mondays through Saturdays and 11:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. on Sundays.
If you want to enjoy a good dining during shopping you can go to __________.

A.St. Johns Town Center B.River City Marketplace
C.Gateway Town Center D.Regency Square Shopping Center

Children would like to visit Regency Square Shopping Center probably because __________.

A.they can buy a lot of wonderful toys
B.they can take the mini train there
C.they can play their favorite computer games
D.they can make many friends

On Sundays you should visit River City Marketplace at __________.

A.10:00 a.m. B.8:30 a.m.
C.9:00 a.m. D.6:30 p.m.

This passage is probably taken from __________.

A.a textbook B.a science magazine
C.an advertisement D.an announcement

Shree Bose is one of the most impressive kids graduating from Fort Worth Country Day High School this year. Bose has a large circle of friends, and there’s one who you may have heard of: President Obama. He has twice publicly recognized her achievements in cancer research and spoken with her in the Oval Office.
If that isn’t enough, Bose recently gave a TED Talk about her work with the cancer drug Cisplatin, which also won her first prize at the Google Science Fair and recognition as one of Glamour magazine’s Young Amazing Women of the Year.
After watching her grandfather struggle with liver cancer, Bose was determined to help out in any way she could. As a high school student though, her scientific choices were limited. She reached out to various hospitals and research centers, but doctors turned down her requests because they felt she was too inexperienced medically.
Only the North Texas Science Health Center respected her determination and chose to guide her. The results were amazing.
Bose chose to study a protein (蛋白质) and its reaction with the cancer drug Cisplatin. She noticed that when she prevented this protein from growing, Cisplatin was allowed to begin destroying cancer cells once again.
“My project not only contributes to the understanding of the relationship between the protein and Cisplatin, but also suggests a newer, more effective treatment for patients who resist Cisplatin,” Bose said.
Bose’s achievements aren’t limited to the lab, though. She was also captain of her swim team and editor-in-chief of her school paper.
Bose is currently getting practical experience at the National Institute of Health and she’ll be attending Harvard in the fall. She plans to study molecular biology and go to medical school. Eventually, she would like to be a doctor.
President Obama has spoken with Bose because she ________.

A.gave a TED Talk recently
B.is captain of her swim team
C.has a large circle of friends
D.contributed to the cancer research

According to Bose’s research, _________ helps make Cisplatin work better.

A.stopping the protein from growing
B.destroying cancer cells timely
C.using the drug more frequently
D.making the protein react with the drug

From the passage, we know that ________.

A.Bose’s research was supported from the start
B.Bose plans to become a doctor in the future
C.Bose will study in the National Institute of Health
D.Bose’s grandfather asked her to do cancer research

The passage is mainly about ________.

A.a research on cancer drugs
B.a new effective cancer treatment
C.a doctor who has a promising future
D.a girl who did research on cancer treatment

Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful things that men and animals possess, if they are properly used. If fire did not hurt when it burnt, children would play with it until their hands were burnt away. Similarly, if pain existed but fear didn’t, a child would burn himself or herself again and again, because fear would not warn himself or herself to keep away from the fire that had burnt himself or herself before. A really fearless soldier—and some do exist is not a good soldier because he is soon killed; and a dead soldier is of no use to his army. Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which men and animals might soon die out.
In our first sentence we suggested that fear should be properly used. If, for example, you never go out of your house because of the danger of being knocked down and killed in the street by a car, you are letting fear rule you too much. Even in your house you are not absolutely safe an aeroplane may crash on your house, or ants may eat away some of the beams in your roof so that the latter falls on you, or you may get cancer!
The important thing is not to let fear rule you, but instead to use fear as your servant and guide. Fear will warn you of dangers; then you have to decide what action to take.
In many cases, you can take quick and successful action to avoid the danger. For example, you see a car coming straight towards you. Fear warns you, you jump out of the way, and all is well.
In some cases, however, you decide that there is nothing that you can do to avoid the danger. For example, you can’t prevent an aeroplane crashing onto your house. In this case, fear has given you its warning; you have examined it and decided on your course of action, so fear of this particular danger is no longer of any use to you, and you have to try to overcome it.
Children would play with fire until their hands were burnt away if _________.

A.they were given no warning beforehand
B.they had never burnt themselves
C.they had no sense of pain
D.they were fearful of the fire

A really fearless soldier _____________.

A.is of great use to the army
B.is not a real soldier
C.is nothing but a dead soldier
D.easily gets killed in a battle

People sometimes succeed in timely avoiding the danger because _________.

A.they have gained experience
B.they jump out of the way in time
C.they are calm in the face of danger
D.they are warned of the danger by fear and take quick action

What's the writer's suggestion when the danger can't be avoided?

A.You have to try to overcome it.
B.Fear can really help you to run away.
C.Fear always helps you stay safe.
D.Fear is of great use to you.

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