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第二部分:阅读理解(本题有两小节,第一节共20小题;每小题2分,第二节共5小题;每小题1分;满分45分)
第一节:阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出一个最佳选项
I must have been about fourteen then, and I put away the incident from my mind with the easy carelessness of youth. But the words, Carl Walter spoke that day, came back to me years later, and ever since have been of great value to me.
Carl Walter was my piano teacher. During one of my lessons he asked how much practicing I was doing. I said three or four hours a day.
"Do you practice in long stretches, an hour at a time?"
"I try to.”
"Well, don't,” he exclaimed. “When you grow up, time won't come in long stretches.    Practice in minutes, whenever you can find them five or ten before school, after lunch, between household tasks. Spread the practice through the day, and piano-playing will become a part of your life."
When I was teaching at Columbia, I wanted to write, but class periods, theme-reading, and committee meetings filled my days and evenings. For two years I got practically nothing down on paper, and my excuse was that I had no time. Then I remembered what Carl Walter had said. During the next week I conducted an experiment. Whenever I had five minutes unoccupied, I sat down and wrote a hundred words or so. To my astonishment, at the end of the week I had a rather large manuscript ready for revision, later on I wrote novels by the same piecemeal method. Though my teaching schedule had become heavier than ever, in every day there were idle moments which could be caught and put to use. I even took up piano--playing again, finding that the small intervals of the day provided sufficient time for both writing and piano practice.
There is an important trick in this time--using formula: you must get into your work quickly. If you have but five minutes for writing, you can't afford to waste four chewing your pencil. You must make your mental preparations beforehand, and concentrate on your task almost instantly when the time comes. Fortunately, rapid concentration is easier than most of us realize.
I admit I have never learnt how to let go easily at the end of the five or ten minutes. But life can be counted on to supply interruptions. Carl Walter has had a tremendous influence on my life. To him I owe the discovery that even very short periods of time add up to all useful hours I need, if I plunge in without delay.
41. What is the best title of this passage?
A. Concentrate on Your Work                      B. A Little at a Time
C. How I Became a Writer                      D. Good Advice
42. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The writer owes great thanks to his teacher for teaching him to work in long stretches.
B. Carl Walter has had a great influence on the writer’s life since he became a student.
C. The writer didn't take the teacher's words to heart at first.
D. Rapid concentration is actually more difficult than most people imagine.
43. The underlined part "counted on" can he replaced by____
A. enriched            B. concentrated           C. valued               D. expected
44. We can infer that the writer             . 
A. has new books published each year however busy his teaching is
B. is always tired of interruptions in life because his teaching schedule is always heavy
C. has formed a bad habit of chewing a pencil while writing his novels
D. can find sufficient time for mental preparations beforehand, so he’s devoted to work   instantly

科目 英语   题型 阅读理解   难度 较易
知识点: 短文理解
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Why texting harms your IQ
The regular use of text messages and e-mails can lower the IQ more than twice as much as smoking marijuana (大麻). That is the statement of researchers who have found that tapping away on a mobile phone or computer keypad or checking for electronic messages temporarily knocks up to 10 points off the user’s IQ. This rate of decline in intelligence compares unfavorably with the four-point drop in IQ associated with smoking marijuana, according to British researchers, who have described the phenomenon of improved stupidity as “infomania”. The research conducted by Hewlett Packard, the technology company, has concluded that it is mainly a problem for adult workers, especially men.
It is concluded that too much use of modern technology can damage a person’s mind. It can cause a constant distraction of “always on” technology when employees should be concentrating on what they are paid to do. Infomania means that they lose concentration as their minds remain fixed in an almost permanent state of readiness to react to technology instead of focusing on the task in hand. The report also added that, in a long term, the brain will be considerably shaped by what we do to it and by the experience of daily life. At a microcellular level, the complex networks of nerve cells that make up parts of the brain actually change in response to certain experiences.
Too much use of modern technology can be damaging not only to a person’s mind, but to their social relationship. 1100 adults were interviewed during the research. More than 62 per cent of them admitted that they were addicted to checking their e-mails and text messages so often that they scrutinized work-related ones even when at home or on holiday. Half said that they always responded immediately to an email and will even interrupt a meeting to do so. It is concluded that infomania is increasing stress and anxiety and affecting one’s characteristics. Nine out of ten thought that colleagues who answered e-mails or messages during a face-to-face meeting were extremely rude.
The effects on IQ were studied by Dr. Glenn Wilson, a psychologist at University of London. “This is a very real and widespread phenomenon,” he said. “We have found that infomania will damage a worker’s performance by reducing their mental sharpness and changing their social life. Companies should encourage a more balanced and appropriate way of working.”
We can learn from the passage that “infomania” ______.

A.has a positive influence on one’s IQ
B.results in the change of part of the brain
C.lies in the problem of lack of concentration
D.is caused by too much use of modern technology

The research mentioned in the passage is most probably about ______.

A.the important function of advanced technology
B.the damage to one’s brain done by unhealthy habits
C.the relevance between IQ and use of modern technology
D.the relationship between intelligence and working effectiveness

The underlined word “scrutinized” probably means “______”.

A.examined carefully B.copied patiently
C.corrected quickly D.admitted freely

Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?


CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion

Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found a new recipe of success. According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.
However, it wasn’t all sweetness and light. There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes, while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite. For example, when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression, while a dog doing the same signals submission.
In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behavior. They are learning how to talk each other’s language. It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk ‘dog’, and dogs can learn how to talk ‘cat’.
What’s interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence. They can learn how to read each other’s body signals, suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected. Once familiar with each other’s presence and body language, cats and dogs can play together, greet each other nose to nose, and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa. They can easily share the same water bowl and in some cases groom (梳理) each other.
The significance of the research on cats and dogs may go beyond pets---to people who don’t get along, including neighbors, colleagues at work, and even world superpowers. If cats and dogs can learn to get along, surely people have a good chance.
The underlined word “swimmingly” in Para.1 probably means _____.

A.early B.sweetly
C.quickly D.carefully

Some cats and dogs may fight when ______.

A.they are cold to each other
B.they look away from each other
C.they are introduced at an early age
D.they misunderstood each other’s signals

It is suggested in Para.4 that cats and dogs ______.

A.have common interests
B.have a common body language
C.are less different than we thought
D.are less intelligent than we expected

What can we human beings learn from cats and dogs?

A.We should learn to live in harmony.
B.We should know more about animals.
C.We should live in peace with animals.
D.We should learn more body languages.

When asked to point out one or two things that are most important to themselves, many put friends ahead of homes, jobs, clothes and cars.
A true friendship carries a long history of experience that determines who we are and keeps us connected. It is a treasure we should protect. Unfortunately, the better friends you are, the more probably you’ll have disagreements. And the result can be what you don’t want an end to the relationship.
The good news is that most troubled friendships can be mended. First, don’t let your pride get in your way. Most of us can forgive each other when differences are brought out in the open. Second, apologize when you’re wrong – even if you’ve been wronged. Over the course of a friendship, even the best people make mistakes. Sometimes, it may be best if the wronged person takes the lead and apologizes. When you apologize, give your friend a chance to admit that he has been wrong. Third, see things from your friend’s point of view. And finally, accept that friendships change as our needs and lifestyles change. Making friends can sometimes seem easy. The hard part is keeping the connections strong during the natural ups and downs that have an effect on all relationships. My suggestion: Consider friendship an honor and a gift, and worth the effort to treasure and nurture.
What would be the best title for the text?

A.Easy Ways to Make Friends
B.Ups and Downs in Friendship
C.How to Mend a Troubled Friendship
D.How to Take the Lead in Making Friends

The “wronged person” underlined in the text refers to a person _______.

A.who has been mistaken for another
B.who has been blamed unfairly
C.who has treated friends badly
D.who has admitted his mistakes

According to the text a friendship can last long only if _______.

A.we have much in common
B.we know our friends’ mistakes
C.we treat our disagreements wisely
D.we have known one another for long

What should we do if we follow the author’s second suggestion?

A.Stick to our own prints of view
B.Avoid making mistakes
C.Make an apology first
D.Change our lifestyles

Dear Michelle,
My Dad hates my Mom. He tells me that she is a liar and that I should not trust her. Of course, they are divorced but they have “joint custody” (共同监护). What a joke! I am a 15-year-old girl, my brother is 9, and we have a life of hell, frankly.
We live one week on and one week off. This was the “brilliant” idea of both of my parents, which was fair to them but ruining my life. I cannot get away from his voice and his putting my mom down. Sometimes I think about running away. What should I do?
A Hopeless Ant
Dear Hopeless Ant,
First, thank you for trusting me with your problem. If all you said is correct, then there are several things that you can and should do to help yourself, your brother, and oddly enough, your parents.
You need a family counselor. Such a person could listen to each family member alone and then meet together to talk about the situation.
If refused, you need to talk to a counselor in your school. You need to be heard, and you need an adult who will listen. A school counselor can organize a meeting with your parents.
Perhaps you need to write to your mother. Writing things down allows people to go over it more than one time.
I cannot imagine that she will stand passively by and do nothing at all to help once she reads how you feel. Your father needs a letter as well. He may not realize the destructive effect that it has on his children.
Lastly, have a plan in mind when all else fails that is not self-destructive. Life passes very quickly, sweet heart, and you will grow up and have your own life.
Until then, you need to keep yourself safe. Never doubt that it will get better. Write back and let me know how everything is going.
Michelle
The Hopeless Ant wrote the letter to _____.

A.explain her worries
B.ask for advice
C.describe her family
D.express dissatisfaction

The Hopeless Ant hated her father because he_____.

A.often told lies
B.divorced her mother
C.didn’t love his children
D.wasn’t friendly to her mother

In which part of a magazine will the text probably appear?

A.Life. B.Advertisement.
C.Entertainment. D.Education.

An earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters. It may cause great damage. So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.
Fragile items, like those made of glass should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of placing them on cupboards higher up. Never place them near your bed, sofas and other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down. When there is a strong movement, these pieces will fall on the floor directly and not on you.
There is a strong chance of short circuits (短路) and fire breakouts during an earthquake. Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.
During an earthquake, lie beneath an object that is not easily damaged. Do not go near objects that could directly fall on you. Never use the elevator to go down. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out. Use the staircases at all times.
If you are outdoors, do not take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings. If you are driving, stop your car and stay in a safe place. Do not park your car under a tree or any tall object.
If trapped in debris (瓦砾堆), cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing. Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can find you. Use a whistle (哨子) if one is available. Never shout for help. Shouting can cause you to breathe in dangerous amounts of dust. Do not light a match because you may burn yourself. Do not move about or kick up dust.
The purpose of the passage is to tell readers ____.

A.the damage caused by earthquakes
B.the rescue work after earthquakes
C.how to prevent earthquakes
D.what to do about earthquakes

The underlined word “Fragile” in Paragraph 2 probably mean ____.

A.expensive B.easily found
C.easily broken D.heavy

To reduce the injury from the earthquake, items made of glass should be put ____.

A.on cupboards
B.in the bedroom
C.where children can’t reach them
D.on a lower surface

What should people NOT do when they are trapped in debris?

A.Cover their mouth with a handkerchief
B.Tap on a pipe or wall for help.
C.Light a fire for help.
D.Use a whistle for help.

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