II. 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 21—40题各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die. But people now live longer than they 21 . Yet, all living things still show the 22 of aging, which will eventually 23 death.
Aging is not a disease, but as a person passes maturity (成熟期), the cells of the body and the 24 they form do not function as well as they 25 in childhood and teenage years. The body provides less 26 against disease and is more 27 to have accident.
A number of related causes may 28 aging. Some cells of the body have a fairly long life, but they are not 29 when they die. As a person ages, 30 of brain cells and muscle cells decreases. 31 body cells die and are replaced by new cells. In an aging person the 32 cells may not be as workable or as capable 33 growth as those of a young person.
Another 34 in aging may be changes within the cells 35 . Some of the protein chemicals in cells are known 36 with age and become less elastic (有弹性的). This is why the skin of old people wrinkles (皱纹) and 37 . This is also the reason why old people 38 in height. There may be other more important chemical changes in the cells. Some complex cell chemicals, such as DNA and RNA, store and 39 information that the cells need． Aging may affect this 40 and change the information-carrying molecules so that they do not transmit the information as well.
21. A．would B．be used to C．used to 
D． used
22. A．function B．effect C．affect D． appearance
23. A．lead in B．give in C．run into D． result in
24. A．hands B．feet C．heart D． organs
25. A．do B．has done C．did D． had done
26. A．energy B．protection C．vigor D． power
27. A．likely B．probable C．possible D． alike
28. A．attend to B．contribute to C．add to D． devote to
29. A．replaced B．reborn C．recovered D． surrendered
30. A．a number B．the amount C．the number D． a great deal
31. A．The others B．The other C．Another D． Other
32. A．old B．left C．new D． other
33. A．to B．for C．of D． in
34. A．factor B．effect C．reason D． element
35. A．for themselves B．of themselves C．themselves D． on their own
36. A．change B．to have changed C．to change D． to be changed
37. A．hangs loose B．hangs loosely
C．is hanging loosely D．is hanging loose
38. A．increase B．shrink C．lengthen D． decrease
39. A．pass away B．pass by C．pass off D． pass on
40. A．improvement B．procession C．approach D． process
Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends. Good friendship has many benefits. It offers companionship, improves self-worth and promotes good health. There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leaves us without a friend. . But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.
1. Associate with others.
The first step to making friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Besides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places.
2. Start a conversation.
Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends.. You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people.
3. .
Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together, Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience.
4. Let it grow.
It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press your new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. . The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.
5. Enjoy your friendship.
The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you.
| A． Be cheerful. |
| B． Do things together. |
| C． Do not wait to be spoken to. |
| D． Try not to find fault with your friends. |
E. Making new friends comes easy for some people.
F. For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.
G. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.
A popular saying goes, “Sticks and stone may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” However, that’s not really true. Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesn’t matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves– the positive and negative effects are just as lasting.
We all talk to ourselves sometimes. We’re usually too embarrassed to admit it, though. But we really shouldn’t be, because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit.
This “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down. Beware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. So in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. We should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back. The next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying, “Good job!”
Words possess power because of their lasting effects. Many of us regret something we once said. And we remember unkind words said to us! Before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: Is it true? Is it loving? Is it needed? If what we want to say doesn’t pass this test, then it’s better left unsaid.
Words possess power: both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope, build self-esteem(自尊) and motive others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours.The author argues in the first paragraph that ________.
| A．words will never hurt us at all |
| B．positive effects last longer than negative effects |
| C．words have lasting effects on us |
| D．negative words last longer than positive effects |
Why should we not feel embarrassed when talking to ourselves?
| A．Talking to ourselves is believed to be good for our health. |
| B．It does harm to have “self-talk” when we are alone. |
| C．Talking to ourselves helps us to solve all the problems. |
| D．Almost everybody has the habit of talking to oneself. |
The underlined phrase “give ourselves a pat on the back” in Paragraph 3 means _______.
| A．blame ourselves | B．punish ourselves |
| C．talk to ourselves | D．praise ourselves |
Which of the following statements would the author agree to?
| A．It is impossible for unkind words to be forgotten. |
| B．It is better to think twice before talking to others. |
| C．Words always possess long positive effects. |
| D．Kind words are sometimes not needed at all. |
Cheating can happen in a lot of different ways. When people cheat, it’s not fair to other people, like the kids who studied for the test or who the true winners of a game were.
Many people like the action of cheating. It makes difficult things seem easy, like getting all the right answers on the test. But it doesn’t solve the problem of not knowing the material and it won’t help on the next test---unless the person cheats again.
People lose respect for cheaters and think less of them. The cheaters themselves may feel bad because they know they are not really earning that good grade. And, if they get caught cheating, they will be in trouble at school, and may be at home, too.
Some kids cheat because they’re busy or lazy and they want to get good grades without spending time studying. Other kids might feel like they can’t pass the test without cheating, even when there seems to be a good reason for cheating, cheating isn’t a good idea.
If you were sick or upset about something the night before the day and couldn’t study, it would be better to talk with the teacher about this. And if you don’t have enough time to study for a test because of swim practice, you need to talk with you parents about how to balance swimming and school.
A kid who thinks cheating is the only way to pass a test needs to talk with the teacher and his or her parents so they can find some solutions(解决办法) together. Talking about these problems and working them out will feel better than cheating.The author thinks that when kids cheat in class, ______.
| A．it is unfair to other people. |
| B．it does harm to their health. |
| C．teachers should punish them. |
| D．teachers shouldn’t stop them at once. |
Some students like cheating mainly because______.
| A．the material in the test is very difficult. |
| B．they want to do better than the others. |
| C．cheating can make hard things seem very easy. |
| D．they have little time to study their lessons. |
The fourth paragraph mainly tells us______.
| A．some kids can’t pass the test without cheating |
| B．why kids cheat in the test. |
| C．cheating isn’t a good idea. |
| D．some kids don’t spend the time studying. |
We can learn from the passage _______.
| A．cheaters are often thought highly of |
| B．people show no respect for those who cheat. |
| C．parents whose kids cheat are often in trouble. |
| D．kids cheat in the test because of swim practice. |
Dear Betty,
My roommate’s family wants me to celebrate Thanksgiving Day with them in their home. I accepted the invitation, and I’m excited about going, but I’m a little nervous about it, too. The social customs in my country are different from those here, so I’m a little worried about making mistakes.
Should I bring a gift, such as candy or flowers? Should I arrive on time or a little late? At the dinner table, how can I know which fork or knife to use? How can I let the family know that I’m thankful for their kindness?
Yours,
Knowing Nothing
Dear Knowing Nothing,
It’s a good idea to bring a gift when you go to a dinner party. Flowers are always welcome, or you can bring a bottle of wine if you know the family drink it.
You should arrive on time or five to ten minutes late. Don’t get there early. If you are going to be more than fifteen minutes late, you should call and tell them.
Try to relax at the dinner table. If you don’t know how to use the right fork, knife or spoon, just watch the other guests, and follow them. If you still have no idea of what to do, don’t be shy about asking the person next to you; it’s better to ask them than to be silently uncomfortable and nervous.
If you like the food, say so. Of course, you’ll thank the host and hostess for the meal and for their kindness. It’s also a good idea to send a card to thank them the day after.
Yours,
BettyKnowing Nothing wrote a letter to Betty to _____.
| A．tell Betty some good news |
| B．invite her to dinner |
| C．answer some questions |
| D．ask for some advice |
According to Betty, Knowing Nothing ______ when going to a dinner party.
| A．can only bring some flowers |
| B．should arrive on time or five to ten minutes late |
| C．can’t bring wine |
| D．should arrive twenty minutes late |
Betty does NOT advise Knowing Nothing to _____.
| A．keep silent at table |
| B．watch the other guests |
| C．ask the person beside him |
| D．relax at the dinner table |
Mark Twain was a great writer. He was from the USA. He was born in 1835. He was also a famous speaker. He was famous for his sense of humor. Many people liked to listen to him talk because he liked to tell some interesting stories to make people laugh all the time.
One day Mark Twain was going to a small town because of his writing. Before he was going to leave, one of his friends said to him that there were always a lot of mosquitoes(蚊子) in the town and told him that he’d better not go there. Mark Twain waved (摇动) his hand and said, “It doesn’t matter. The mosquitoes are no relatives of mine. I don’t think they will come to visit me.”
After he arrived at the town, Mark Twain stayed in a small hotel near the station. He went into his room, but when he was just about to have a rest, quite a few mosquitoes flew about him. The waiters felt very sorry about that. “I’m very sorry, Mr. Mark Twain. There are too many mosquitoes in our town.” One of them said to him.
Mark Twain, however, made a joke, saying to the waiter, “The mosquitoes are very clever. They know my room number. They didn’t come into the wrong room.” What he said made all the people present laugh heartily.
But that night Mark Twain slept well. Do you know why? That was because all the waiters in the hotel were driving the mosquitoes away for him during the whole night.That day Mark Twain went to the town _____.
| A．to see one of his friends |
| B．because he wanted to do something there for his writing |
| C．because he was told there were a lot of mosquitoes there |
| D．to see one of his relatives |
The waiters felt sorry because _____.
| A．they did something wrong to Mark Twain |
| B．their hotel was too small |
| C．there were quite a few mosquitoes in Mark Twain’s room |
| D．the room was not very clean |
All the people present laughed heartily because _____.
| A．Mark Twain made a joke |
| B．the mosquitoes knew Mark Twain’s room number |
| C．Mark Twain gave the waiters some nice presents |
| D．the mosquitoes were very clever and they didn’t come into the wrong room |
From the story we know _____.
| A．no mosquitoes troubled Mark Twain in the night |
| B．the owner of the hotel told the waiters to look after Mark Twain well at night |
| C．Mark Twain didn’t have a good rest that night |
| D．there were not mosquitoes in the hotel any longer |