Grown-ups know that people and objects are solid. At the movies, we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air. But does a baby have this understanding?
To see whether babies know objects are solid. T. Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion(视觉影像)of a hanging ball. His plan was to first give babies a real ball, one they could be expected to show surprised in their faces and movements, All the 16 to 24-week-old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there.
Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back. But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land?
Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 we
eks old. In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen. When 16-week-old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen, they looked to the right, expecting it to re-appear. If the experiment took the train off the table and lifted the screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train. This seems to show that all the babies had a sense of object permanence. But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case. The re-searcher substituted(替换) a ball for the train when it went behind the screen. The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train. But the 16-week-old babies did not seem to notice the switch(更换).Thus,the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of “something permanence,” while the 22-week-old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object.The passage is mainly about .
| A．babies’sense of sight | B．effects of experiments on babies |
| C．babies’understanding of objects | D．different tests on babies’feelings |
.In Paragraph 3, “object permanence” means that when out of sight, and object .
| A．still exists | B．keeps its shape | C．still stays solid | D．is beyond reach |
.What did Bower use in his experiments?
| A．A chair | B．A screen | C．A film | D．A box |
. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
| A．The babies didn’t have a sense of direction. |
| B．The older babies preferred toy trains to balls. |
| C．The younger babies liked looking for missing objects |
| D．The babies couldn’t tell a ball from its optical illusion. |
What's on Oscar Film Themes Symphony Concert
Film highlights accompanied by live performances of movie theme music by the China Opera and Dance Drama Theatre Symphony Orchestra, which has recorded the music for many films. Familiar tunes will come from such flicks as Titanic, Jurassic Park and Waterloo Bridge.
Where: Nationality Cultural Palace Theatre
When: March 8, 7:30 pm
Admission：80-380 yuan
Tel：6528 7674 ext 508
Fantastic View All the Way
The mountains in this area are not very high, but the vistas are excellent. This walk is gentle and very interesting, going through valleys, over passes, along a ridge and through a few little tranquil villages that are located in amazing places. Many sites along the walk offer panoramic view of the surrounding mountains.
Where: Pinggu, northeast of Beijing
When: March 9, meet 8：30 a.m. outside Starbucks at Lido Hotel, or 9 am at Capital Paradise front gate, return 5 p.m.
Admission: adults 150 yuan, children 100 yuan
Tel: 13701003694 Email: fjhikers @ yahoo. com..uk
Spring Greetings
Paintings in bold colors in a traditional Chinese style by young artist Tian Xifeng are displayed to welcome the spring. Tian is a student of famous bird-and-flower painting artist Wang Qing. He has won several prizes at various national painting exhibitions and developed a style emphasizing vivid close-ups of natural scenes.
Where: Melodic Gallery, 14 Jianwai Dajie, opposite Friendship Store
When：till March 31, 9 a.m.- 5 p.m.
Admission: free
Tel: 65188123
Cala, My Dog
Directed by Lu Xuechang, starring Ge You. The story is about a middle- aged working man, known as Lao Er, whose chief source of stability and comfort in life is his dog, Cala . One day, when his wife is out walking Cala, a policeman confiscates the unregistered canine. As Lao Er endeavors to recover his dog , the difficult circumstances of his life are revealed. Chinese with English subtitle(字幕).
Where: Dongchuang Theatre, 3 Xinzhongjie, Dongzhimenwai
When: March 13 and 20, 8: 30 p.m.
Admission: 20 yuan
Tel: 64169253 If you are a music lover you can go to ________ on Women's Day.
| A．Capital Paradise | B．Dongchuang Theatre |
| C．Capital Gymnasium | D．Nationality Cultural Palace Theatre |
The exhibition held in Melodic Gallery ________.
| A．is open to the public from 7:30 am - 5pm till April lst. |
| B．presents the works by Tian Xifeng and his teacher |
| C．is to display some bird-and-flower paintings |
| D．costs the art lovers much money to visit |
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
| A．Both adults and children can take part in the walk in Pinggu. |
| B．Even you don't know English you can enjoy Cala, My Dog. |
| C．You'll have to dial 65188123 to book a ticket for the film. |
| D．You'll have a choice of two meeting places on March 9th. |
All the advertisements in this passage are about ________.
| A．music | B．movies | C．exhibitions | D．entertainments |
Milan, the second largest city of Italy, has won an undesirable world record. Of the 54 big cities studied by the World Health Organization and the United Nations, Milan is considered to have the worst air pollution. According to these two10-year studies, the level of air pollution in Milan is twice as high as the levels in Paris and Beijing and three times those in Tokyo and London, and four times that in New York. The reason for Milan's bad pollution, to some experts, is that the city lies in a valley that holds back the poisonous gases. Though Milan has taken some measures to lower the level of pollution, the situation is still worrying. People joke to each other, "If you are traveling to Milan, be sure to bring your gas mask." In order to reduce the use of private cars, in 1979, the government in Milan began an interesting experiment: passengers in the city buses did not have to pay for their tickets.Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the text?
| A．Milan's air is considered to be worst polluted in Europe. |
| B．Experts think that the air in Milan is badly polluted. |
| C．The reason for the air pollution in Milan. |
| D．Measures have been taken by Milan to reduce the air pollution. |
Which of the following cities keeps the lowest level of air pollution?
| A．London. | B．Tokyo. |
| C．New York. | D．Paris. |
Why is the air pollution in Milan so serious?
| A．Because too many cars are being driven in the city every day. |
| B．Because the city lies in a place where there are some mountains near it. |
| C．Because Milan has taken some measures to encourage people to buy private cars. |
| D．Because the city lies in a place where it is difficult for polluted air to move away. |
According to the text, which of the following is TRUE?
| A．Milan has taken some measures and the air pollution is being reduced. |
| B．Milan has taken some action, but the air pollution is still troublesome. |
| C．Milan has made no effort so far to lower the level of pollution. |
| D．Milan will taken every step to reduce the air pollution |
A young man was going to join the army and had to take a medical examination. The doctor was sitting at a desk when he went in. He said to the man. “Take your coat and shirt off, and sit on the chair.” The young man did so. The doctor looked at him for a moment without getting up from his chair and then said, “All right. Put on your clothes again.” “But you haven’t examined me at all!” the young man said in surprise. “There is no need to do so,” the doctor said with a smile. “When I told you to take your coat and shirt off, you heard me all right, so there is nothing wrong with your ears. You saw the chair, so your eyes are good. You could take your clothes off and sit on the chair, so you must be in good health. And you understand what I told you to do and did it without a mistake, so you must be clever enough for the army.”The young man went to the doctor because __________.
| A．he wanted to consult about his illness. |
| B．he had to have a medical check-up. |
| C．he did not want to join the army. |
| D．he did not feel well. |
The doctor told the young man to take his coat and shirt off in order to______.
| A．test his listening ability. |
| B．see whether his eyes were wrong with him. |
| C．see what was wrong with him. |
| D．examine him with no clothes. |
The doctor thought that __________.
| A．the young man would not be a good soldier. |
| B．the young man must not join the army. |
| C．The young man would not do something wrong in the army. |
| D．the young man could join the army. |
At first the young man __________.
| A．did not understand what the doctor mean |
| B．did not do as he was told to do |
| C．realized why the doctor told him to do something |
| D．understood what the doctor meant |
There is a boy in my gym class (I’ll call him Bill) who has unbearably yellow teeth that almost make everyone feel unpleasant. Recently another boy told Bill that he should “go Ajax” his teeth. Bill was crushed. Had the other boy been thinking, he would have realized that there is a better way to handle such a situation. He could have dealt with it with tact. He could have showed this hurtful truth in a more careful, sensitive way—that’s “tact”.
If a person isn’t sensitive to another’s feelings, there is no way he or she can be tactful. Yesterday, my 5-year-old brother proudly announced that he had cleaned the screen on our television set. Unfortunately, he used furniture polish(亮光油), which produced an oily film on the television screen. My mother smiled and thanked him for his efforts—and then showed how to clean the screen properly. Her sensitivity enables my brother to keep his self-respect. Yet, sensitivity alone does not make tact.
“Tactfulness” also requires “truthfulness”. Doctors, for example must be truthful. If a patient has just been disabled in an accident, a tactful doctor will tell the truth—but express it with sensitivity. The doctor may try to give the patient hope by telling them curing techniques under study or about advanced equipment now available. Doctors must use tact with patients relatives as well. Instead of bluntly saying, “Your husband is disabled,” a doctor might say, “I’m sorry, but your husband has lost feeling in his legs and…”
Tact should not be confused with trickery. Trickery occurs when a nurse is about to give a patient an injection and says, “This won’t hurt a bit.” Instead of trickery, the nurse might guarantee the patient that the discomfort of the injection is a small thing compared to the benefits of it. It would also be thoughtful for the nurse to tell the patients about some of these benefits.
Tact is a wonderful skill to have, and tactful people are usually admired and respected. Without tact our society would become an intolerable place to live in. When told he should “go Ajax” his teeth, Bill probably felt ________________.
| A．surprised | B．cheated |
| C．regretful | D．painful |
According to the author, his mother’s praise for the brother is _______________.
| A．both sensitive and tactful | B．sensitive but not tactful enough |
| C．truthful but not tactful | D．sensitive but trickish |
The fourth paragraph mainly talks about __________________.
| A．how to comfort the patients |
| B．how to use trickery carefully |
| C．differences between trickery and promises |
| D．another feature of tact |
Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (The numbers stand for the paragraphs)
A gadget which makes water out of air could become the greatest household invention since the microwave.gaokao/beijing/
Using the same technology as a dehumidifier（除湿器），the Water Mill is able to create a ready supply of drinking water because it can always get it from an unlimited source—the air．gaokao/beijing/
The company behind the machine says not only does it offer an alternative to bottled water ingaokao/beijing/
developed countries, but it is a solution for the millions who face a daily water shortage．gaokao/beijing/
The machine works by drawing in wet air through a filter（过滤器）and over a cooling instrument which changes it into water droplets．It can produce up to 12 liters a day．The Water Mill will also produce more water when storms pass over, as the amount of water which is contained in the air increases. In keeping with its eco-development, the machine uses the same amount of electricity as three lights.Inventor Jonathan Ritchey said, “The demand for water is off the chart. So people are looking for freedom from water distribution systems that are shaky and unreliable.”
The machine, which is about 3 feet wide, is likely to cost ￡800 when it goes on sale here in the spring. Its maker, Canadian Firm Element Four, roughly calculates that a liter of water costs around 20 pence to produce.
Environmentalists state that half the world’s population will face water shortage because of climate change by 2080. One in five is said to lack access to safe drinking.
The Water Mill is not effective in areas where the amount of water contained in the air is below about 30 percent, but in Britain that won’t be much of a problem.What does the underlined word “it” refer to?
| A．Drinking water. | B．Invention. | C．Microwave. | D．Water Mill. |
What do we learn about the machine?
| A．It works in the same way as microwaves. |
| B．It is very expensive for families to afford. |
| C．It absorbs wet air and turns it into water. |
| D．It helps to make the water clean to drink.gaokao/beijing/ |
What does the passage lead us to believe?gaokao/beijing/
| A．The cost of water will go up. | B．Bottled water will disappear soon. |
| C．The machine is energy saving. | D．The machine will be popular worldwide. |
What’s the best title for the passage?gaokao/beijing/
| A．A New Way to Solve Water Problem. | B．A Machine to Make Water out of Air. |
| C．A Dehumidifier to Produce Water. | D．An Absolutely New Invention |