Great literary works do not fade with time. Shakespeare’s plays, for example, have been read again and again by generation after generation; they have also been adapted for the big screen and shown at places other than the theater. Great literature also knows no language boundaries. For example, Chinese classical novels like The Dream of the Red Chamber and Journey of the Monkey have been widely read not only by Chinese but also by sinologists, people who study Chinese culture, from many language backgrounds.
People read literature to enjoy great writers’ ways with words and their humor. In the English language world, William Somerest Maugham is a novelist who is good at irony, i.e., saying the opposite of what is meant, to create humor. Another reason why Maugham’s novels are well-loved is that he never fails to provide a surprise ending to amuse his readers.
When readers become involved with what they are reading, they may behave as if they have traveled through time to live with the characters in the story. Readers of Maugham’s short story, The Luncheon, may often stop and wonder about how the main character is so easily fooled when hehas lunch with a woman he met once in Paris. They may also grow to love or hate this woman in the course of their reading.
Literary works often provide room for different interpretations. For example, poetry, because of its succinct use of words, can often be interpreted in a number of different ways. Short plays, on the other hand, contain more elaborate descriptions of the setting and the moods of the characters, not to mention the stage directions. However, almost all literary works make use of symbols to suggest ideas indirectly. Because symbols can carry different meanings in different cultures, one person’s interpretation of a symbol can be very different from another person’s.
Great literature is not bound by time or language barriers. It will continue to speak to generations of people.In Paragraph 3, whom does “he” refer to?
| A．The author. | B．The reader. | C．The main character. | D．Somerest Maugham. |
What would be the best title for this article?
| A．The Many Languages of Literature | B．Great Literature Has No Barriers |
| C．Great Literature Has Time | D．The Irony of Literature |
According to the passage, all the following things may draw readers’ attention EXCEPT______
| A．language backgrounds | B．humorous words |
| C．surprising endings | D．the use of symbols |
From the outer of New York to the heart of Singapore, nature is everywhere you’re not looking in some of Earth’s most crowded big cities. Outdoor adventure is often just a few stops on the train—or a short drive-away from the annoying crowds. Here are a few favorites to get you going:
Mount Hollywood Trail(林间小道, 乡间小路), Los Angeles
It’s not a skyscraper or a Ferris wheel, and there’s no expensive restaurant up top. But if you want an absolutely unforgettable, no-admission-charged, 360-degree view of the entire Los Angeles region, it’s yours. All you have to do is to walk a little. One of the preferred exercise routes, the Mount Hollywood Trail, is easily accessed from the parking lot of the famous Griffith Observatory; you see what you get at the end of this steep 1. 5-mile trail, which winds its way through the Griffith Park winds up to the mountain’s 1, 640-foot peak.
Bronx River, New York
It may not be on your Top 10 list of things to do when you finally get to the Big Apple, but exploring the almost-secret river that flows through one of New York’s most mysterious boroughs(自治市)is an unforgettable experience. The Bronx River Alliance, a non-profit group that has worked tirelessly to bring the much-abused river back to life, operates cycling and canoeing trips along the river, from the rugged Hunts Point section down near the harbor on up through the borough.
Southern Islands, Singapore
Believe it or not, tightly packed Singapore does have plenty of open space left. There are actual trails right in the middle of everything, if you know where to look. But to really get away from it all, the Southern Islands, a small group of little green dots just off the city state’s southern shoreline, are just the thing.
Lee Valley, London
This East London river valley changed last summer, when anyone near a television got an eyeful of Olympic Park, built directly in the middle of the valley. Inside the park, beautifully landscaped sections quickly became a favorite relaxation spot for games goers. At present, you’ll find miles of walking paths worth exploring. Start at the Waltham Cross train and follow the signposted walking route southbound, guiding you past important historic industrial areas, through interesting city neighborhoods, past the western side of Olympic Park and on to the Thames. If someone wants to enjoy an unforgettable experience for free, he can go to.
| A．Mount Hollywood Trail and Bronx River |
| B．Mount Hollywood Trail and Southern Islands |
| C．Lee Valley and Southern Islands |
| D．Bronx River and Lee Valley |
The writer of the passage wants to.
| A．inform the readers that nature exists in crowded big cities |
| B．appeal to more people to outdoor adventure |
| C．recommend several historical spots to readers |
| D．present various approach to outdoor adventure |
We know from the passage.
| A．it’s difficult to find a proper trail in packed Singapore |
| B．the Thames is not far away from the East London river valley |
| C．The Bronx River Alliance has succeeded in running the river |
| D．you may have trouble reaching the Mount Hollywood Trail |
In 2010, 700 million people huddled together in front of their television sets to watch the World Cup final between the Netherlands and Spain. Even more are expected to tune in to this year's contest, which kicks off on June 12th with a match between Brazil and Croatia in Sao Paulo. Brazil are the runaway favourites to win the tournament, with bookmakers offering odds of less than three to one on the home team winning the championship．Many experts agree that the country will benefit from a strong home advantage, as local crowds roar on the Seleqao．How much does playing on home turf fealty affect a team's performance?
Sports scientists have come up with all sorts of theories to explain why playing at home helps. In 2007 a study investigated the influence of crowd noise on referees in the English football Premier League. It showed that some were more likely to flash yellow cards and award penalties against touring players than the hosts, because they relied on the split-second rise in the home crowd's roar as a reminder to determine if a tackle deserved punishment. In the most recent season of the Spanish football Riga, two-thirds of all penalty kicks were awarded to the home team.
In the latest English football season, the top 20 clubs enjoyed a home success rate of 50%, while their victory rate on the road was 32%. In 12 of the past 19 World Cups the host nation has made it to the semi-finals and six times it has gone on to win. The effect can be seen in other sports too． ABefore the start of the London Olympics in 2012, UK Sport, a government agency, studied the results of more than 100 big tournaments across 14 Olympic sports. B As it turned out, Britain bettered its 2008 performance by winning 18 more medals（10 of them gold), an improvement of 38% . C At the Beijing games, China won 59% more medals than it had done at the 2004 Athens games. DRussia topped the medal table in Sochi：in the previous winter Olympics it had come sixth．
Given these numbers, it is not surprising that teams have poured money into maximizing their home advantage. For example, Brazil has spent a considerable fortune on, if somewhat leisurely, a programme of stadium construction and renovation. In all its home advantage is worth the equivalent of a 0.6-goal headstart in every match, according to Goldman Sachs, an investment bank. Like most others, Goldman predicts that Brazil will triumph this year. Other countries' fans will have to hope for a miracle-and perhaps bid to stage the Cup on their own home turf next time.What does "some" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
| A．Crowd noises. | B．Referees. |
| C．Touring players. | D．Host players. |
Put the following sentence in the most appropriate place marked A, B, C, or D It predicted that the London home advantage would boost Britain's medal haul by as much as 25％．
What can be inferred from the passage?
| A．Fans may raise their noise levels to cheer their teams up. |
| B．Brazil will win because of its strong ability. |
| C．It is a waste of time and effort for countries to hold sports games. |
| D．The visiting teams have a good chance of winning. |
CURRENCY
• New Zealand dollars（＄）
LANGUAGE
• English, Maori and New Zealand Sign Language
MONEY
• ATMs are widely available, especially in larger cities and towns，credit cards accepted in hotels and restaurants
VISAS
• Citizens of Australia, the UK and 56 other countries don't need visas for New Zea
(length-of-stay vary).
MOBILE PHONES
• European phones will work on NZ's network, but not most American or Japanese phones.
• global roaming or a local SIM card and prepaid account.
DRIVING
• Drive on the left; the steering wheel is on the right side of the car（…in case you can't find it).
When to Go
• HIGH SEASON (DEC-FEB)
Summer: busy beaches, outdoor explorations, festivals, sporting events.
Big-city accommodation prices rise.
High season in the ski towns is winter (Jun-Aug).
• SHOULDER (ATAR APR)
Prime travelling time：fine weather, short queues, kids in school，warm(ish) ocean．
Long evenings supping Kiwi wines and craft beers.
Spring (Sep-Nov) is shoulder season too.
• LOW SEASON (MAY-AUG)
Head for the Southern Alps for some brilliant southern hemisphere skiing.
No crowds, good accommodation deals and a seat in any restaurant.
Warm-weather beach towns might be half asleep.
• Auckland International Airport
Airbus Express-24-hour
Shuttle Bus一一24-hour door-to-door services
Taxi一around＄70; 45 minutes to the city
• Wellington Airport
Bus——Airport Flyer from 6 am to 9.30 pm
Shuttle Bus-24-hour door-to-door services
Taxi-around＄30；20 minutes to the city
• Christchurch Airport
Bus一一City Flyer from 7.15 am to 9．15 pm
Shuttle Bus一一24-hour door-to-door services
Taxi-around $50；25 minutes to the city
Driving Around New Zealand
There are extensive bus networks and a couple of handy train lines crisscrossing New Zealand, but for the best scenery, flexibility and pure freedom it's hard to beat piling into a camper van or rent-a-car and hitting the open road. Scanning the map you might think that driving from A to B won't take long, but remember that many of the roads here are two-lane country byways, traversing hilly landscape in curves, crests and convolutions：always allow plenty of time to get wherever you’re going. And who's in a hurry anyway? Slow down and see more of the country：explore little end-of-the-line towns, stop for a swiinlsurfi beer, and pack a Swiss Army knife for impromptu picnics at roadside produce stalls.What is the last part but one mainly about?
| A．Travelling in NZ. | B．Arriving in NZ. |
| C．Where to go. | D．When to stop. |
Which of the following is NUT recommended by the author?
| A．Using global roaming on American phones. |
| B．Using credit cards in large cities and towns. |
| C．Heading for the Southern Alps for skiing in February. |
| D．Renting a car and drive by yourself. |
In the author's opinion, when you have a chance to visit New Zealand,__________
| A．hurry all the time because driving is difficult there |
| B．drive quickly enough to enjoy more surfing and picnicking |
| C．don't hurry because two-lane country byways will help you save time |
| D．find enough time because of too much to enjoy and the difficulty in driving |
Phantom vibrations-the phenomenon where you think your phone is vibrating but it's not-have been around since the mobile age. Today, they’re so common that researchers have devoted studies to them．
For Valerie Kusler, who works on a cattle farm, the feeling is complicated by the cows“The cows’moo is very muffled, it kinda sounds like…errrr,”she says.“So that's very similar to what my phone sounds like when it vibrates on my desk or in my purse.”
Other people may not confuse cows for their phones, but research shows phantom vibration symptom is a near-universal experience for people with smartphones.
Nearly 90 percent of college undergraduates in a 2012 study said they felt phantom vibrations. The number was just as high for a survey of hospital workers, who reported feeling phantom vibrations on either a weekly or monthly basis．
“Something in your brain is being triggered（触发）that's different than what was triggered just a few short years ago,” says Dr Larry Rosen, a research psychologist who studies how technology affects our minds.
“If you'd asked me 10 years ago, or maybe even five years ago if I- felt an itch beneath where my pocket of my jeans was, and asked me what I would do, I'd reach down and scratch it because it was probably a little itch caused by the neurons firing（神经元刺激），”he says. Now, of course, the itch triggers him to reach for his phone. Rosen says it's an example of how our devices are changing how our brains process information．
“we’re seeing a lot of what looks like obsessive behavior. People who are constantly picking up their phone look like they have an obsession. They don't look much different from someone who's constantly washing their hands. I’m not saying that it is an obsession, but I’m saying that it could turn into one, very easily," Rosen says.
While 9 out of 10 participants in the study of college students said the vibration feeling bothered them only a little or not at all, Rosen still recommends backing away from our phones every once in a while to keep our anxiety levels down.
“One of the things I’m really adamant about in spite of being very pro-technology, is just away from the technology for short periods," Rosen says．"And by short periods. I mean; maybe just 30 minutes or an hour.”According to the article, phantom vibrations_____．
| A．are mainly caused by neurons firing |
| B．affect people mostly working on farms |
| C．help our brains better process information |
| D．started troubling people in recent years |
The underlined word "adamant" in the last paragraph probably means_____.
| A．curious | B．determined | C．satisfied | D．cautious |
It can be concluded from Larry Rosen's research that_____.
| A．phantom vibrations could probably result in obsessive behavior |
| B．the use of smart phones has completely changed the way our minds work |
| C．most people feel uncomfortable when they experience phantom vibrations |
| D．hospital workers are more likely to suffer from phantom vibrations than students |
According to Larry Rosen, the most effective measure against phantom vibrations is to_____．
| A．move to a quieter neighborhood |
| B．stop using smartphones in poor condition |
| C．take a break from using smartphones occasionally |
| D．keep a close watch on your anxiety levels |
Volunteering abroad is great. Not only do you travel to an exotic country, you also meet like-minded people, and at the end of it all you have something to put on your CV to impress employers with. But did you ever stop to think about how great it is for the people on the receiving end?
In this context, Daniela Papi has a point---foreigners rushing heroically to volunteer in a country they’ve never heard of are unlikely to make a difference. But turning volunteering camps into classrooms, as Papi seems to advocate in her article, risks throwing the baby out with the bath water by putting people off of volunteering.
Rather, learning should be a natural part of the experience, and the key to creating such an environment is positioning everyone as equals. In order for that to happen, volunteers need competent leaders who create an environment of equality:
When, a few years ago, I joined a group of international volunteers to help a small farming community in the Swiss Alps, we were all quite ignorant about the local conditions. But thanks to our group leader, it was both a helpful project for the locals and a fun and eye-opening experience for us．Before we had even traveled (at our own expense) to the mountaintop village, our group leader had spent time with the villagers preparing the project to make sure it would be of benefit to them. She arranged for us to help in different areas, ensuring that we always worked alongside locals rather than for them. It was never "us" and "them", but always "we", like a big family. As a result, conversation flowed and we learned a great deal just by casually talking to the locals as we worked．At the end, we left with a deep appreciation for the labor of love that goes into producing the food we eat every day一一an appreciation we could treasure ourselves and share with our peers．
Volunteering isn't about saving someone's life, or even about changing it. It's about touching a different world and reminding ourselves that there is much, much more to life than the daily routines we take for granted．With that knowledge, maybe, just maybe, we can go on to really change the world．
By Lukas ThibautFrom Paragraphs 1 and 2, we can learn that＿＿＿＿in international volunteering.
| A．foreigners are not welcome in some local communities |
| B．blind enthusiasm fails to make the experience rewarding |
| C．the author agrees with Daniela Papi's opinions |
| D．international volunteering is actually a poor approach to education |
The underlined word "that" in Paragraph 3 refers to＿＿＿，
| A．a natural part of the experience |
| B．the learning of volunteering |
| C．creating such an environment |
| D．positioning everyone as equals |
What contributed to the success of the author's volunteering project in the Alps?
| A．The volunteers were quite familiar with Swiss farmers' lives. |
| B．The volunteers worked in areas separated from the locals. |
| C．The group leader ensured that the project would be beneficial to both sides. |
| D．The group leader ensured that the volunteers got to know the local conditions． |
From the author's viewpoint, what should international volunteers avoid?
| A．Placing themselves above the locals. |
| B．Taking food for granted. |
| C．Disrespecting others' labor. |
| D．Being proud of volunteering. |
Which best describes the author's attitude toward international volunteering?
| A．Objective. | B．Doubtful. |
| C．Disapproving. | D．Supportive. |