| A. Using expensive testing equipment B. Staffing a modern hospital C. Testing becoming a great help D. Cost of medical accidents E. Cost of training medical workers F. Measures of reducing medical costs |
_____________________
Physicians’ fees are only one reason for rising health costs in the United States. Medical research has produced many tests to diagnose, or discover, patients’ illness. Physicians usually feel obliged to order enough tests to rule out all likely causes of a patient’s symptoms. A routine laboratory bill for blood tests can easily be more than $100. _____________________
Sophisticated new machines have been developed to enable physicians to scan body organs with a clarity never before possible. One technique involves the use of ultrasound – sound waves beyond the frequencies that human beings can hear – to produce images. Others use computers to capture and analyze images produced by X-rays or magnetic fields. These machines are extremely expensive: The price of a single machine can exceed one million dollars._____________________
New technologies also mean new personnel. Physicians, nurses and orderlies can no longer staff a hospital alone. Hospitals now require a bewildering number of technical specialists to adminis
ter new tests and operate advanced medical equipment._____________________
Physicians and hospitals also must buy malpractice insurance to protect themselves should they be sued for negligence by patients who feel they have been mistreated or have r
eceived inadequate care. The rates for this insurance have been raised very steeply in the last ten years, as patients have become more medically knowledgeable, and as juries sometimes awarded very large amounts of money to injured patients. _____________________
As a result, hospital costs and physicians’ fees rose steadily through the 1990s. Government agencies became convinced that it was necessary to limit rising medical costs. One approach is to require hospitals to prove that a need exists for new buildings and services. Hospitals also have faced pressure to run their operations more efficiently, and to decrease the duration of hospital stays for patients receiving routine treatment or minor surgery.
第Ⅱ卷（共35分）
第四部分：书面表达（共两节，满分35分）
第一节阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，并根据要求完成文章后的题目。
The Tang dynasty was probably the period when the Silk Road was at its busiest. One important centre on the road was the city of Chang’an, where present –day Xi’an now stands. Chang’an was the capital city of this dynasty and by about 750 AD it had become a strong and successful capital of around two million people. Because of the chances for trade, a number of foreigners from bordering China lived in the city.
The market at that time in Chang’ an were perhaps the most exciting markets anywhere in the word. They sold goods from India, Africa, Japan, Korea, Turkey, Iran and other Arab countries and many items in the markets world would have been completely to some of the buyers. Interesting animals was sold together with exotic plants and strange medicines. Dried animals, dried foods and dried plants were laid out for sale next to rare seeds and spices. But besides the hop to trade, which drew people together, China was still largely a mysterious country to the outside world, and certainly the secret of the silk making was still unknown.
The route to the west followed different paths but the traders would have traveled from places to places, always looking for routes both to water and protection. However, the Ming Dynasty had its policy of isolation, together with the growth of Islam, reduced the traffic along this ancient route. Instead, _________________________________ become more popular and in the 15th century there were many Chinese ships trading silk and other goods along the coast of India, Arabia and Africa.
76．What’s the best title of the passage?( Please answer within 10 words.)
_____________________________________________________________ _.
77．Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
To a great extent China was little known or understood by the outside world.
_____________________________________________________________ _.
78．Please fill in the blank in the last paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.(Please answer within 10 words)
_____________________________________________________________ _.
79．Do you think the Silk Road is important in history? Why? (Please answer within 30 words.)
_____________________________________________________________ _.
80．Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese.
_____________________________________________________________ _.
Part Three: Reading Comprehension
I. Fill in the blanks, using the proper forms of the words below.
( respect, watch, wander off, nest, worthwhile, discover, forest, where, argue, observe, work out, sleep, behave, entertainment, understand )
A PROTECTION OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE
It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa. Our group are all going to visit the chimps in the 1. Jane has studied these animals for many years and helped people 2how much they 3like humans. 4a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to a place 5we left the chimp family 6in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and waits while the animals in the group begin to wake up and move. Then we follow as the family begins to 7into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that everybody will be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. But the evening makes it all 8. The mother chimp and her babies play in the tree and, after they come into her arms, we see them go to sleep together in their 9for the night.
Nobody before has fully understand chimp behaviour. Jane spent many years 10and recording their daily activities. She did not study at a university but she was determined to work with animals in their own environment. When she arrived at Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one thing she 11was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other and her study of their body language helped her 12their social system
For forty years Jane Goodall has been helping the rest of the world understand and 13the life of these animals. She has 14for them to be left in the wild and not used for15or advertisements. She has set up special places where they can live safely. Her life is very busy but as she says:
“Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It’s terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. I say to myself, ‘Aren’t they lucky?’ And then think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong. Once you have seen that you can never forget…”
She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own environment, gaining a doctor’s degree for studies, showing that women can live in the forest as men can. She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.
Part One: Cloze test.
Complete the blanks with the words or phrases in our textbook.
The City of the Future
What will the city of the future look like? No one knows 1, and making predictions is a risky business. But one thing is certain --- they are going to get bigger before they get smaller. In the future, care for the environment will become very important 2earth’s natural resources 3. We will use lots of recycled materials, such as plastic, aluminium, steel, glass, wood and paper, and we will waste fewer natural resources. We will also have to 4more
5alternative energy, such as solar and wind power. All this seems certain, but there are plenty of things about city life in the future which are not certain.
To find out what young people think about the future of urban life, a teacher at a university in Texas in the United States asked his students to think how they would run a city of 50,000 people in the year 2025. Here are some of the ideas they had:
Garbage ships To 6garbage problems, the city will 7huge spaceships with waste materials and send them towards the sun, preventing landfill and environmental problems.
Batman Nets Police will arrest criminals by firing nets instead of guns.
Forget smoking No smoking will be allowed within a future city’s limits. Smoking will be possible only outside cities, and outdoors.
Forget the malls In the future all shopping will be done online, and catalogues will have voice commands to place orders.
Telephones for life Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth 8will never change 9where they live.
Recreation All forms of recreation, such as cinemas, bowling, softball, concerts and others will be provided 10by the city.
Cars All cars will 11by electricity, solar energy or wind, and it will be possible to change the colour of cars at the flick of a switch.
Telesurgery Distance surgery will become common as doctors carry out operations from thousands of miles away, with each city having its own telesurgery outpatient clinic.
Holidays at home Senior citizens and people with disabilities will be able to go anywhere in the world using high-tech cameras 12their head.
Space travel Travelling in space by ordinary citizens will be common. Each city will have its own spaceport.
第四部分：写作
第一节： ( 共10小题，每小题1分，共10分 )
读下面一篇文章，根据文中信息完成所给表格，每空不超过三个单词。
People in the United States honor their parents with two special days: Mother’s Day, on the second Sunday in May, and Father’s Day, on the third Sunday in June. These days are set aside to show love and respect for parents. They raise their children and educate them to be responsible citizens. They give love and care. These two days offer a chance to think about the changing roles of mothers and fathers. More mothers now work outside the home. More fathers must help with child-care.
These two special days are celebrated in many different ways. On Mother’s Day people wear carnations. A. red one stands for a living mother. A. white one shows that the mother is dead. Many people attend religious services（宗教仪式）to honor parents. It is also a day when people whose parents are dead visit their graves. On these days, families get together at home and in restaurants. They often have outdoor BBQs for Father’s Day. These are days of fun and good feelings and memories.
Another tradition is to give cards and gifts. Children make them in school. Many people make their own presents. These are valued more than the ones bought in stores. It is not the value of the gift that is important, but it is “the thought that counts”. Greeting card stores, florists, candy makers, bakeries, telephones companies and other stores do a lot of business during these holidays.
71.
| Types/ categories |
●Mother’s Day ●72. |
| 73. |
to show love and respect for parents. |
| Common points |
offer a chance to think about74. |
| 75. |
● wearing carnations on Mother’s Day. ●76. to honor parents. ●77. ●78. at home and in restaurant. ●79. |
| 80. |
Giving cards and gifts to parents. |