In Colombia , there are some unwritten rules that people are used to , These rules are not officially established , but people do respect them . For example , on a bus , a person keeps a distance from another person , and people don’t like to touch each other . Many people come to work late because they prefer to wait for another bus if the first one is too crowded . They don’t want to have to stand too close to another person , or maybe they are afraid of starting a conversation .
A friend of mine in Colombia once said his mom got angry because he came home late , so he asked her , “ Mom , what do you think of most people arriving at their jobs so late ? ” That gave her the answer to her question since everyone knows no one wants to get on a bus that is too crowded . His mother realized at that moment that customs have a big influence on a person’s life .
Sometimes , people don’t like to make any kind of conversation or make eye contact with others . For example , when they are in line at a bank , they prefer to look up or down rather than look at other people .
Moreover , people usually look down when they are in an elevator . Not only on a bus , in line at a bank , and in an elevator do people usually avoid talking to other people , but also in the streets when they are walking , they prefer to look down and to avoid contact with others .. Why do many people get to work late in Colombia ?
| A．They always think the next bus will be better . |
| B．They don’t want to get on crowded buses . |
| C．It’s an official rule in Colombia . |
| D．They get into conversations and miss their buses . |
. From the text we learn that __________ .
| A．customs influence people’s lives | B．a mother always understands her son |
| C．people respect each other in Colombia | D．people like to talk in elevators in Colombia |
. When people in Colombia are in line at banks , they __________ .
| A．make eye contact | B．look at other people |
| C．make conversation | D．look up or down |
. What would be the best title for the text ?
| A．What People Do in Different Situations | B．Avoid Getting on a Crowded Bus |
| C．Special Customs in Colombia | D．Obeying Unwritten Rules |
When you're surfing the Internet on your laptop from your dorm or home, do you know your personal details are being gathered secretly? And would you be surprised to know the information may be sold cheaply to advertisers and marketers?
According to an investigation by The Wall Street Journal, all it takes is a tiny file in a computera single code consisting of a long series of numbers and letters to record the computer user's age, gender, location, favorite movies and hobbies. The newspaper reports that Lotame Solutions Inc.，a New York company, uses sophisticated software called a " beacon" to capture what people are typing on a website.
Lotame packages that data into profiles（个人资料）about individuals, only without their names, and sells the profiles to companies seeking customers. Batches of such data may be sold for a few dollars. The survey of The Wall Street Journal discovered that spying on Internet users is one of the fastest-growing businesses on the World Wide Web.
The "cookie"-a tiny text file put on your PC by websites or marketing firms which might be used to remember your preferences for one site, or to track you across many sites is already old news. There are new and more complex tools such as " beacons " which scan in real time what people are doing on a webpage. These beacons instantly assess the Internet user's location, income, shopping interests and even medical conditions. Millions of Internet users around the world also face unprecedented （空前的）threats. Private, sensitive, personal and business information is being gathered and sold without their knowledge.
Companies insist the information they gather is anonymous and the data is used harmlessly. But the technology has grown so powerful that even some of the biggest websites in the US don't know that they were installing intrusive files on visitors' computers. These include MSN. com and Yahoo, com.
Next time you visit a webpage and find an ad banner advertising something you've been planning to buy, don't be amazed that your computer can read your mind. The purpose of the passage is to __________.
| A．introduce a tiny file in a computer single code |
| B．show how your individual information was let out when you surf the Internet |
| C．show how to protect your privacy |
| D．introduce a sophisticated software called a " beacon" |
Which of the following statements is True?
| A．Lotame sells the profiles about individuals to companies seeking customers with their age, gender, location, hobbies and names. |
| B．spying on Internet users is the fastest-growing business on the World Wide Web. |
| C．some of the biggest websites in the US know they were installing intrusive files on visitors' computers. |
| D．a tiny file in a computer-a single code consisting of a long series of numbers and letters can record users' information. |
It can be inferred that __________.
| A．because the data is used harmlessly the Internet users around the world will not face threats |
| B．when a person surf the Internet, his personal details may be let out without his knowledge |
| C．your computer can really read your mind |
| D．MSN. com and Yahoo. com use software to capture what people are typing on a website |
According to the passage，"beacon"__________.
| A．is a tiny text file put on your PC by websites |
| B．is a software that can package that data into profiles about individuals |
| C．can assess the Internet user's location, income, shopping interests and even medical conditions |
| D．is not more complex than the "cookie" |
Joseph Goldberger was a doctor for the Unite States Public Health Service. In 1912，he began to study a disease that was killing thousands of people in the South. The disease was pellagra（烟酸缺乏病）.
Doctor Goldberger traveled to the state of Mississippi where many people had pellagra. He studied the patients and their families. Most of the people were poor. The doctor came to believe that the disease was not passed from one person to another, but instead had something to do with food.
He received agreement from state officials to test this idea at a prison（监狱）. Prisoners were offered pardons if they took part. One group of prisoners received their usual food, mostly corn. A second group ate meat, fresh vegetables and milk. Members of the first group developed pellagra. The second group did not.
But some experts refused to accept that poor food caused pellagra. They thought there were other causes.
So Doctor Goldberger put blood from a person with pellagra into his own body. He even took pills that had blood from pellagra patients. An assistant also took part in the experiments. So did Doctor Goldberger's wife. None of them got sick. Later, the doctor discovered that a bit of dried brewer's yeast （酿酒的酵母）each day could prevent pellagra.
Joseph Goldberger died of cancer in 1929. He was 55 years old. Several years later, researchers discovered the true cause of pellagra ： having little of the vitamin B. How old was Doctor Goldberger when he began to study pellagra?
| A．22. |
| B．30. |
| C．38. |
| D．55. |
The underlined words " this idea" （in Paragraph 3） refers to __________.
| A．the guessing that pellagra had something to do with food |
| B．a kind of yeast that prevented pellagra |
| C．pellagra that was easily passed from one person to another |
| D．a poor food that caused pellagra |
Which is the right order about what Doctor Goldberger did?
a. He did a test on prisoners at a prison.
b. He did the experiments on himself.
c. He came to Mississippi to study the patients and their families.
d. He found poor food was easy to cause pellagra.
e. He discovered a little dried brewer's yeast every day could prevent pellagra.
| A．a, d，c, e，b |
| B．c, a，d, b，e |
| C．b, e，c, a，d |
| D．c, b，e, a，d |
This passage mainly tells us __________.
| A．Doctor Goldberger's life |
| B．something about pellagra |
| C．Doctor Goldberger's work experience |
| D．Doctor Goldberger's study on pellagra |
Joanne was stuck in a traffic jam in central Birmingham at5 ： 30 and at 6： 30 she was expected to be chairing a meeting of the tennis club. At last, the traffic was moving. She swung quickly racing to her house. As she opened the door, she nearly tripped over by（被绊倒）Sheba.
" Hey, Sheba，" she said，" I've got no time for you now, but I'll take you out as soon as I get back from tennis club. " Then she noticed Sheba seemed to be coughing or choking. Obviously, she could hardly breathe. Immediately, Joanne realized she would have to take her to the vet（兽医）.
When she got there, the vet was just about to close for the day. Seeing the state of Sheba, Dr. Steme brought her quickly into his office.
"Listen, doctor, I'm really in a rush to get to a meeting; can I leave her with you, and go and get changed? I'll be back in ten minutes to pick her up, and then I'll take her to the meeting with me. Is that OK?"
" Sure，" said the doctor.
Joanne made the quick trip back to her house in a couple of minutes. As she was once more entering the hallway, the phone by the door began to ring.
"This is Dr. Sterne，" said an anxious voice. "I want you to get out of that house immediately，"said the doctor's voice. "I'm coming round right away, and the police will be there any time now. Wait outside ！ "
At that moment, a police car screeched（发出尖锐的声音）to a stop outside the house. Two policemen got out and ran into the house. Joanne was by now completely confused and very frightened. Then the doctor arrived.
"Where's Sheba? Is she OK?" shouted Joanne.
" She's fine, Joanne. I took out the thing which was choking her, and she's OK now. "
Just then, the two policemen reappeared from the house, half-carrying a white-faced man, who could hardly walk. There was blood all over him.
"My God，" said Joanne，"how did he get in there? And how did you know he was there?"
"I think he must be a burglar，" said the doctor. " I knew he was there because when I finally removed what was stuck in Sheba's throat, it turned out to be three human fingers. " What was Joanne supposed to do at 6:30?
| A．To walk her dog. |
| B．To see her doctor. |
| C．To attend a club meeting. |
| D．To play tennis with her friends. |
Joanne wanted to get back to her home again __________.
| A．to dress up for the meeting |
| B．to phone the police station |
| C．to catch the badly hurt burglar |
| D．to wait for her dog to be cured |
From the passage, we can infer that __________.
| A．Sheba fought against the burglar |
| B．the police found the burglar had broken in |
| C．Joanne had planned to take her dog to the meeting |
| D．the doctor performed a difficult operation on the dog |
In this passage, the writer intends to tell us that the dog is __________.
| A．clever |
| B．friendly |
| C．frightening |
| D．devoted |
The underlined word "a burglar" in the last paragraph probably means __________.
| A．a cleaner |
| B．a physician |
| C．a thief |
| D．a murderer |
The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest problems is pollution. To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution comes in. many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.
Man has been polluting the earth. The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, man moved to another place. But this is no longer true.
Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.
Air pollution is still the most serious. It's bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily.
Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air. Pollution by SO2 is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution. It is caused by heavy traffic. We are sure that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution.
The earth is our home. We must take care of it. That means keeping the land, water and air clean. And we must take care of the rise in pollution at the same time. __________，our world is becoming much smaller.
| A．Because of the rise in pollution |
| B．Thanks to science development |
| C．Because the earth is being polluted day and night |
| D．Because the earth is blown away by the wind every year |
Hundreds of years ago, life was __________ it is today.
| A．much easier than |
| B．as easy as |
| C．much harder than |
| D．as hard as |
Pollution comes in many ways. We can even hear it. Here "it" refers to __________.
| A．rubbish |
| B．noise pollution |
| C．air pollution |
| D．water pollution |
Air pollution is still the most serious kind of pollution because __________.
| A．it makes much noise |
| B．it makes us angry more easily |
| C．it makes our rivers and lakes dirty |
| D．it's bad for all living things in the world |
Which of the following is NOT true?
| A．Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. |
| B．The more people, the more pollution. |
| C．The problem of pollution is not. so serious because there are not so many people on the earth. |
| D．If people could go to work by bus or bike instead of car or motorbike, it would be helpful in fighting against the problem of SO2. |
Driving in Canada is similar to driving in many parts of the United States. Distances and speeds, however, are posted in kilometers per hour and some signs, particularly in Quebec, may only be in French.
Unless otherwise posted, the maximum （最大限度的）speed limit in Canada is 50km/hr in cities and 80km/hr on highways. On rural highways, the posted speed limit may be 100km/hr. It is not allowed to take automobile radar detectors（汽车雷达检测器）into Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, and the Yukon. Seat belt use is required by law for all passengers, and child car seats must be used by children under 40 pounds. Some provinces require drivers to keep their vehicles' headlights on during the day and some have banned （禁止）driving while using a hand-held cellphone. Motorcycles cannot share a lane （车道），and safety helmets for motorcycle riders and passengers are necessary. Running a red light is a serious crime throughout Canada and drivers are advised to stop before starting when a light turns green.
Winter travel can be dangerous due to heavy snowfalls and icy conditions. Some roads and bridges are often closed in winter. Snow tires are required in some provinces. Travelers should also be careful about animals while driving at night in rural areas.
Highway 401，from Detroit to Montreal, is one of the busiest highways in North America. It has been the scene of many deadly traffic accidents due to sudden and severe weather changes, high rates of speed, and heavy truck traffic. Thus drivers should be alert while travelling here.
Please refer to our Road Safety page for more information and tips. Also, we suggest that you visit the website of Canada's national authority responsible for road safety. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
| A．All signs on the roads in Quebec are in English. |
| B．Automobile radar detectors are allowed to be used in Manitoba. |
| C．Passengers may choose not to wear seat belts while in a car in Canada. |
| D．The speed of cars in Canadian cities should be less than50km/hr. |
Which of the following is NOT mentioned that have led to deadly accidents on Highway 401?
| A．Bad weather. |
| B．Drunk driving. |
| C．High speed. |
| D．Heavy traffic. |
The underlined word "alert" in Paragraph 4 could best be re-placed by __________.
| A．careful |
| B．relaxed |
| C．nervous |
| D．pleased |
What is the best title for the text?
| A．Different traffic rules in Canada |
| B．Tips for traveling by car in Canada |
| C．Special rules for driving in Canada |
| D．Traffic safety and road conditions in Canada |
This passage is mainly written for the __________.
| A．drivers in Canada |
| B．drivers in America |
| C．traffic police in Canada |
| D．traffic police in America |