Diana Jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21-year-old twin sons: a combination of savings, income,
scholarships, and a modest amount of borrowing. Then her husband lost his job, and the plan fell apart.
"I have two kids in college, and I want to say 'come home,' but at the same time I want to provide them with a good education," says Jacobs.
The Jacobs family did work out a solution: They asked and received more aid form the schools, and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan (贷款) program. They will each graduate with $20,000 of debt, but at least they will be able to finish school.
With unemployment rising, financial aid administrators expect to hear more families like the Jacobs. More students are applying for aid, and more families expect to need student loans. College administrators are concerned that they will not have enough aid money to go around.
At the same time, tuition（学费）continues to rise. A report from the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education found that college tuition and fees increased 439% from 1982 to 2007, while average family income rose just 147%. Student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade,
"If we go on this way for another 25years, we won't have an affordable system of higher education," says Patrick M. Callan, president of the center. "The middle class families have been financing it through debt. They will send kids to college whatever it takes, even if that means a huge amount of debt."
Financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as many companies decide that student loans are not profitable enough and have stopped making them. The good news, however, is that federal loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing, and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted.
| 1． |
According to Paragraph 1, why did the plan of Jacobs family fail?
|
| 2． |
How did the Jacobs manage to solve their problem?
|
| 3． |
Financial aid administrators believe that.
|
| 4． |
What can we learn about the middle class families from the text?
|
| 5． |
According to the last paragraph, the government will.
|
When we think of leadership, we often think of strength and power. But what are these really, and how do they operate?
Leadership today is not about forcing others to do things. If this is even possible, it is short-term, and tends to backfire. If you order someone to do something against their will, they may do it because they feel they must, but the anger they feel will do more harm in the long-term. They will also experience fear.
Fear causes the thinking brain to shut down, making the person unable to function at his or her best. If they associate you with this emotion of fear, they will become less functional around you, and you will have succeeded in not only shooting yourself in the foot, but possibly making a very good employee or partner unable to perform effectively. Fear has no place in leadership.
The way we influence people in a lasting way is by our own character, and our understanding and use of emotion. We can order someone to do something, which may be part of the work day; or we can employ them at the emotional level, so they became fully devoted to the projects and provide some of their own motivation (积极性). Today’s work place is all about relationships. Anyone works harder in a positive environment in which they’re recognized and valued as a human being as well as a worker. Everyone produces just a bit more for someone they like. Leaders understand the way things work. They know the pay check is not the single most motivating factor (因素) in the work life of most people.
The true strength of leadership is an inner strength that comes from the confidence of emotional intelligence---knowing your own emotions, and how to handle them, and those of others. Developing your emotional intelligence is the single best thing you can do if you want to develop your relationships with people around you, which is the key to the leadership skills.
The underlined phrase “shooting oneself in the foot” means _____ in this passage.
A. throw or walk in a specific direction or towards a specific objective
B. to grow forth (向前) from the ground
C. to move or pass suddenly or swiftly
D. to injure or harm one's own interests
An employee may have a feeling of fear in the work place when ___.
A. he cannot work at his best B. he is forced to do things
C. he feels his brain shut down D. he thinks of his work as too heavy
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. People tend to associate leadership with fear.
B. Working conditions affect people’s physical health.
C. Smart people are more functional in the work place.
D. Good relationship is the key to business success.
To positively influence employees, a leader should first of all ____.
A. develop his own personality B. provide better suggestions
C. give his employees a pay raise D. hide his own emotion of fear
Good leadership is mainly seen in a leader’s ability to_____.
A. provide a variety of project for employees
B. help raise employees’ living standards
C. deal wisely with employees’ emotions
D. give employees’ specific instructions（指导）
Standard English is the formal（正式的）English that you need to use when you write in coursework or in the exam. Standard English is the form of English you learn in school. All written English should be standard—that means it should be clear enough for anyone in Britain to understand it. Standard English developed as the main form of printed English in the 15th Century. At the time, every region of Britain used to spell words differently, but printers needed a fixed spelling. Printers like Caxton chose the East Midlands dialect form which was used in London and the South East. Soon Standard English replaced（取代）all written dialect forms – the other forms of English spoken around the country. It also replaced French and Latin in law and in academic（学术的） work. In the 18th Century, people wrote dictionaries and grammar books which standardized spelling — Dr Johnson’s Dictionary of 1755 fixed many of the spellings we still use today. All written English should be Standard English — any grammar rules you learn are for Standard English and you will definitely need to learn them to avoid making mistakes in your work. The rules of Standard English mean using the correct forms of words with the correct spellings.
Avoid slang words（俚语）—words that your teachers or friends wouldn’t understand. You’ll lose marks if the examiners can’t understand what you say or write. Don’t use dialect words. Every region has words or phrases that are only used there. Don’t use them in your coursework, because you won’t be understood. Make sure you revise grammar and punctuation（标点）you have learned, and learn the list of commonly misspelled words you have made. Clichés are ideas or sayings which have been used so often that they’ve become boring and unoriginal. Phrases like, “As good as it gets” “At the end of the day” “In the fullness of time” are all clichés. So are images like, “as fierce as a lion” “as cunning as a fox”. If you use them you will sound boring and unimaginative— that could mean you lose marks for writing and speaking style. So avoid clichés.
What three things do you have to think about when using English?
a. no slang word or dialect b. no grammar and spelling mistake. c. no phrase
d. no cliché e. no punctuation
A. abc. B. bcd. C. abd D.. ade.
What is standard English?
A. the English spoken by British people.
B. the English spoken by American people.
C. the English spoken by British people in 15th Century.
D. the English used in London.
What is the cliché according to the passage?
A. the English full of slang words.
B. the long phrases which are used often.
C. the boring ideas or sayings because of being used often.
D. all the English which is used outside of London and the southeast of Britain.
Why do we need to use Standard English?
A. Because no one can understand dialect words.
B. Because local dialect belongs to certain region, not every one can understand it.
C. Because there are many kinds of English in the world, we need Standard English to make communication easier.
D. Because standard English has been used for a long time.
Which statement is true?
A. All the spoken English should be Standard English.
B. Written English should be formal and standard.
C. Standard English means people should use the words from Dr Johnson’s Dictionary.
D. Standard English replaced all written dialect forms in the 18th century.
第三部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节：阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并把答案写在答题卷上。（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
Early in the 16th century men were trying to reach Asia by traveling west from Europe. In order to find Asia they had to find a way past South America. The man who finally found the way from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific was Ferdinand Magellan (麦哲伦). Magellan sailed from Seville in August, 1519 with five ships and about 280 men. Fourteen months later, after spending the cold winter on the coast of Patagonia, he discovered the channel which is now called Magellan Strait (海峡). In November, 1520, after many months of dangers from rocks and storms, the three remaining ships entered the ocean on the other side of South America. They then continued, hoping to reach Asia. But they did not see any land until they reached the islands off the coast of Asia. Before they arrived at these islands, later known as the Philippines (菲律宾), men were dying of starvation (饥饿). While they were staying in the Philippines, Magellan was killed in battle. The remaining officers then had to get back to Spain. They decided to sail round Africa. After many difficulties, one ship with eighteen men sailed into Seville three years after leaving. They were all that remained of Magellan’s expedition. However, their achievement was great. They were the first men to sail round the world.
1．The purpose of Magellan’s expedition was to ________.
A. find a seaway from the Atlantic to the Pacific B. sail round the world
C. carry men to Philippines D. make a voyage to Asia
2．How long did Magellan and his sailors spend before they reach Magellan Strait?
A. 280 B. 1519 C. 1520 D. Fourteen months
3．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage concerning the expedition?
A. Cold winter in Patagonia. B. Lack of equipment.
C. The death of Magellan. D. Dangers from rocks and storms.
4．The number of the ships lost on the whole expedition was ________.
A. two B. three C. four D. five
5．The best title for this passage is ________.
A. The First Expedition to sail round the world
B. The Most Dangerous Expedition
C. The Discovery of the Philippines
D. The Discovery of Magellan’s Strait
第二节：信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
请阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。
以下是有关博物馆、音乐厅、剧院、大学等的信息：
| A．National Museums and Galleries on Merseyside represents the full collection of museums and galleries in the city and offers the Eight Pass for a small fee, this enables the visitor a year's unlimited visits to all eight establishments. |
| B．Although it is mainly associated with classical music, the Philharmonic Hall has branched out into popular music and the varied programme now includes country, rock, jazz and pop concerts; similar acts can be seen at the Empire. There is also the Picket on Hardman Street, and The Life Cafe on Bold Street also has live music, including the occasional big name wanting to play in a smaller venue. |
| C．London Theatre may be separated into three parts. One section encompasses the sophisticated end of the theatre spectrum- plenty of Shakespeare and excellent modern plays. There are also the 'West End' shows- this refers to the big productions, not to where they're located. There are many big-production plays and operas that make for a great evening out. |
| D．Humanities College will set targets in three humanities-based specialist subjects. Applicants must choose a minimum of one key subject from history, geography or English. They will choose two other subjects from the following: religious education, citizenship, classics, English, history and geography. |
E. Dance performances tend to center on Sadler's Wells theater, where contemporary dance, ballet and opera can all be found. The Royal Festival Hall and the Barbican Centre also house excellent productions, and the ICA is a mecca for experimental dance.
F. Sefton college is the leading specialist catering training centre in the education sector. Everyday we offer healthy, innovation and exciting menus, which meet the government standards. We have provided catering and cleaning services to Saint Francis Xaviers College and the whole Liverpool for many years and recently won the contract to supply catering to Manchester. So join us, you will get lot of practice.
以下是与广告相关的五个年青人，请匹配与他们各自可能去的地方。
56. Jon Murphy: I have worked for six months in California and have been to places as far as Bangkok, Australia, Canada and throughout Europe. Working with the communities is fantastic.
57. James Barton: I suppose I was born with a love of music. Everyday, I listen to music for at least two hours and music bands are my favourite.
58. Jane Lake: I was at university studying Religious Studies and English. And now my area of practice is painting and drawing.
59. Dave Kirby: I met my great friend Andrew Schofield and it was probably he who introduced me to the theatre and plays.
60. Gary Birkett: Being a chef involves a lot of work. Not only do you have to cook but you learn about stock control, sourcing quality food, compiling rosters and creating attractive and exciting menus.
C
Standard English is the formal English that you need to use when you write in coursework or in the exam. Standard English is the form of English you learn in school. All written English should be standard — that means it should be clear enough for anyone in Britain to understand it. Standard English developed as the main form of printed English in the 15th Century. At the time, every region of Britain used to spell words differently, but printers needed a fixed spelling. Printers like Caxton chose the East Midlands dialect form which was used in London and the South East. Soon Standard English replaced all written dialect forms — the other forms of English spoken around the country. It also replaced French and Latin in law and in academic work. In the 18th Century, people wrote dictionaries and grammar books which standardized spelling — Dr Johnson’s Dictionary of 1755 fixed many of the spellings we still use today. All written English should be Standard English — any grammar rules you learn are for Standard English and you will definitely need to learn them to avoid making mistakes in your work. The rules of Standard English mean using the correct forms of words with the correct spellings.
Avoid slang words — words that your teachers or friends wouldn’t understand. You’ll lose marks if the examiners can’t understand what you say or write. Don’t use dialect words. Every region has words or phrases that are only used there. Don’t use them in your coursework, because you won’t be understood. Make sure you revise grammar and punctuation you have learned, and learn the list of commonly misspelled words you have made. Clichés are ideas or sayings which have been used so often that they’ve become boring and unoriginal. Phrases like, “As good as it gets” “At the end of the day” “In the fullness of time” are all clichés. So are images like, “as fierce as a lion” “as cunning as a fox”. If you use them you will sound boring and unimaginative — that could mean you lose marks for writing and speaking style. So avoid clichés.
1. What three things do you have to think about when using English?
a. no slang word or dialect
b. no grammar and spelling mistake.
c. no phrase
d. no cliché
e. no punctuation
A. abc. B. bcd. C. ade. D. abd.
2. What is standard English?
A. the English spoken by British people.
B. the English spoken by American people.
C. the English used in London.
D. the English spoken by British people in 15th Century.
3. What is the cliché according to the passage?
A. the English full of slang words.
B. the boring ideas or sayings because of being used often.
C. the long phrases which are used often.
D. all the English which is used outside of London and the southeast of Britain.
4. Why do we need to use Standard English?
A. Because no one can understand dialect words.
B. Because there are many kinds of English in the world, we need Standard English to make communication easier.
C. Because local dialect belongs to certain region, not every one can understand it. D. Because standard English has been used for a long time.
5. Which statement is true?
A. Written English should be formal and standard.
B. Standard English means people should use the words from Dr Johnson’s Dictionary.
C. All the spoken English should be Standard English.
D. Standard English replaced all written dialect forms in the 18th century.