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One often hears that children should arrive at school “ready to learn.” For most children, the acquisition of reading and math skills starts in the first grade. In states where kindergarten is compulsory, it begins even earlier.
Many parents, teachers, and politicians maintain that preschool is the best way to prepare children to learn. There is no real consensus, however, about how this preparation should be achieved.
For some, early childhood education relates to the development of the whole child. They think that preschool should encourage exploration and discovery. Group activities teach positive social behaviors such as sharing, kindness, and patience. Time spent alone encourages independence. Learning letters and counting is important only for children who show an interest in them. Advocates of this approach stress that each child is unique and should learn at his or her own pace.
Other people refer to research showing that children are ready to absorb basic academic concepts by age 3 or 4. They claim that early introduction to letters and numbers lays the foundation for later academic excellence. Since the 1980s, many people have stressed the value of preschool and point to the success of programs -such as Head Start - that target low-income children.
Is there proof that an academic curriculum in preschool will lead to academic success? Studies have not been conclusive. In the short term, evidence suggests that middle-class children who attend preschool are ahead of their peers in maths and language skills as well as in social skills, when they enter school. However, the same studies show that the gap narrows considerably by the time children reach age 8.
Children living in poverty are a different matter. Those enrolled in programs such as Head Start seem to do better than impoverished children who do not attend a preschool. For instance, youngsters in one group enrolled in the program, tracked until the age of 21, earned higher scores on intelligence tests, were more likely to graduate from high school, and demonstrated more interest in higher education.
The idea of public preschool raises many issues. Providing Head Start for all children would be a financial burden on communities that already struggle to fund current school programs. Also, where would a sufficient number of teachers trained in early childhood development be found?

Advocates of the development of the whole child believe school readiness is______ .

A.showing eagerness in exploration and discovery
B.learning basic skills, such as knowing letters and counting
C.showing great interest in basic academic concepts
D.demonstration of intellectual , social and emotional skills


According to the passage, Head Start is most probably______ .

A.a preschool program that supports disabled children
B.a program that helps impoverished children attend a school
C.an organization that aims to improve current school programs
D.a program that helps design the academic curriculum in preschool


Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.Preschool benefits middle-class children more than poor children.
B.Most children start school with similar language and social skills.
C.Providing Head Start for all children has encountered great difficulties.
D.All children are ready to absorb basic academic concepts by age 3 or 4.


Which of the following may best summarize the main idea of the passage?

A.An academic curriculum in preschool will lead to academic success.
B.Preshool is helpful, despite the disagreement about what it should offer.
C.Children enrolled in preschool demonstrate more interest in learning.
D.Preschool education shouldn't be a financial burden on communities.
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Many teenagers feel that the most important people in their lives are their friends. They believe that their family members, especially their parents, don’t know them as well as their friends do. In large families, it is often for brothers and sisters to fight with each other and then they can only go to their friends for advice. It is very important for teenagers to have one good friend or many friends. Even when they are not with their friends, they usually spend a lot of time talking among themselves on the phone. This communication is very important in children’s growing up, because friend can discuss something difficult to say to their family members.
However, parents often try to choose their children’s friends for them. Some parents may even stop their children from meeting their good friends. The question of “choice” is an interesting one. Have you ever thought of the following questions?
Who choose your friends?
Do you choose your friends or your friends choose you?
Have you got a good friends your parent don’t like?
Many teenagers think their _______ know them better than their parents do.

A.friends B.teachers C.brothers and sisters D.classmates

When teenagers stay alone, the usual way of communication is to _________.

A.go to their friends B.talk with their parents
C.have a discussion with their family D.talk with their friends on the phone

Which of the following is DIFFERENT in meaning from the sentence “Some parents may even stop their children from meeting their good friends.”?

A.Some parents may even not allow their children to meet their good friends.
B.Some parents may even ask their children to stay away from their good friends.
C.Some parents may even not let their children meet their good friends.
D.Some parents may want their children to stop to meet their good friends.

Which of the following sentences is TRUE?

A.Parents should like everything their children enjoy.
B.In all families, children can choose everything they like.
C.Parents should try their best to understand their children better.
D.Teenagers can only go to their friends for help.

The main idea of this passage is that ___________.

A.Teenagers need friends
B.Friends can give good advice
C.Parents often choose their children’s friends for them
D.Good friends can communicate with each other

A student is learning to speak British English. He wonders (想知道): Can I communicate with Americans? Can they understand me? Learners of English often ask: What are the differences between British and American English? How important are these differences?
Certainly! there are some differences between British and American English. ‘There are a few differences in grammar. For example, speakers of British English say “in hospital” and “Have you a pen?” Americans say “in the hospital!” and “Do you have a pen?”. Pronunciation is sometimes different. Americans usually sound theirs in words like “bird” and “hurt”. Speakers of British English do not sound theirs in these words. There are differences between British and American English in spelling and vocabulary. For example, “colour” and “honour” are British, “color” and honor” are American.
These differences in grammar, pronunciation, spelling and vocabulary are not important, however. For the most part, British and American English are the same language.
According to this passage, a student who is learning to speak American English might be afraid that_______.

A.British people cannot understand him
B.American people cannot understand him
C.the grammar is too hard for him
D.the spelling is too hard for him

American English and British English are different in ________.

A.spelling B.pronunciation C.grammar D.all of the above

What is not mentioned (提及) in the passage?

A.Whether there are differences between British English and American English.
B.Whether British English and American English are one language or two.
C.How the differences between British English and American English came about.
D.How important the differences are.

Most ________ say “Do you have a watch?”

A.British people B.Americans C.children D.teachers

According to this passage, British people and Americans have _________ difficulty in understanding each other.

A.little B.much C.some D.great

There is a Web site called the “World Database of Happiness.” It combines and analyzes the results of hundreds of surveys from around the world that have been conducted on life satisfaction. Most of the findings are predictable, but a few are surprising.
The database makes it clear that there is not a strong connection between material wealth and general contentment. It is a cliché to say that money can’t buy happiness, but the old saying seems to be supported by research. Many people still cling to the belief that gaining riches will be the answer to all their problems, yet they are probably mistaken.
Studies have been carried out on people who acquired sudden wealth, such as lottery winners. In most cases, after the initial joy had worn off, people were not left with a sense of lasting happiness. In fact, they tended to revert to the way they felt before they became rich. Previously contented people continue to be contented, while those who were miserable before sink back into misery.
If material wealth does not bring happiness, then what does? Perhaps happiness has something to do with where you live. The authorities at the World Database on Happiness have surveyed levels of happiness in different countries. Apparently, people in America, Canada, and Singapore are very happy; people living in India and Russia, not surprisingly, are not happy.
Other surveys consistently point to the importance of relationships. Family relationships in particular seem to be the key to long-term contentment. The Web site suggests that falling in love and having children are two of the situations that bring the greatest happiness.
Nowadays people look to technology as an alternative source of satisfaction. People increasingly spend more time alone watching TV or surfing the Internet rather than spending time with family. Can technology truly make people happy? It is too difficult to tell, but one thing is sure: If the Web site’s research is accurate, time spent with your family is a better investment than time spent making money.
Which description is right according to the passage?

A.The material wealth and general contentment are strongly connected with each other.
B.The more one’s wealth is, the happier he will be.
C.Many people have wrong concept towards the relation between love and money.
D.Money can solve all the problems.

Which factor can bring lasting happiness definitely according to the study?

A.Sudden wealth. B.Surfing the Internet.
C.Family relationship. D.Winning lottery.

If you get extra money, ______.

A.you will be happy permanently
B.you will be happy temporarily
C.your life will be the same regardless of the extra money.
D.you will change your life style for a long run.

What’s the author’s attitude towards technology according to the passage?

A.Technology is the key to happiness.
B.Technology has nothing to do with happiness.
C.Technology can guarantee the long-term contentment.
D.The author is not sure about the relationship between technology and happiness.

What is the best title of the passage?

A.Love or money?
B.Love and technology
C.Material wealth can guarantee happiness
D.Studies on sudden wealth

It’s official, not making your bed keeps you healthy. Dust mites (尘螨) present in everyone’s home can cause asthma, but they can not live in the dry conditions of an unmade bed.
The average bed is home to one and a half million mites, and they cause a number of common allergies (过敏症), as they chomp away on human skin in the night; and then produce the allergens which we inhale (吸入).
Dust mites grow in the warm humid conditions prevalent in the occupied bed, but they cannot multiply without moisture. So leaving the bed unmade during the day means that the water is not retained by the sheets, which means that the mites dehydrate (脱水) and die.
Researcher Dr. Stephen Pretlove who has developed a computer model to track how changes in the home can reduce a numbers of dust mites said, “We know that mites can only survive by taking in water from the atmosphere using small glands on the outside of their body.”
In the next stage of their research, the scientists are putting mite pockets into beds in 36 houses around the United Kingdom. This will test the validity of the computer model and will investigate how people’s daily routines affect mite populations.
Building features such as heating ventilation (空气流通) and insulation (隔热) will also be adjustable to monitor how the mites cope and react to different atmospheres.
Dr. Pretlove said the research had potential to reduce the £700 million spent treating mite-induced illnesses each year in the UK.
“Our findings could help building designers create healthy homes and health care workers point out environments most at risk from mites.”
Dr. Matt Hallsworth, of the charity Asthma UK, said, “House-dust mite allergen can be an important trigger for many people with asthma, but at present many people find they are inevitable.”
What is the best title of the passage?

A.The Causes of Asthma
B.Research on Allergies
C.Don’t make your bed and stay healthy
D.The Bad Effects of Mites

The underlined word “validity” means ______.

A.confirmation B.imagination C.supposition D.criticism

Which statement is not true according to the passage?

A.Building features can affect the growth of mites.
B.The research carried out will save a lot of money spent on treating mite-related illnesses.
C.At present it is impossible for people to get rid of house-dust mites related asthma.
D.Dust mites can survive in all kinds of conditions.

What can not be inferred from the passage?

A.Traditionally, people think that making bed can make one healthy.
B.Mites can not survive in humid atmosphere.
C.people in many fields will benefit from the research.
D.The research will change much in people’s concept on mites.

Which one will not benefit from the research according to the passage?

A.The patient with asthma. B.The health-care worker.
C.The income of the hospital. D.The building designer.

A nurse prepares a polio(小儿麻痹症) vaccination(预防接种)for a baby in the Otash refugee camp in South Darfur.
United Nations and Sudanese agencies will carry out the campaign this week and again in November. Sudan had been polio-free since two thousand and five. The new case of wild polio virus was confirmed last month in South Darfur.
Health officials also announced last month that Nigeria has had almost seventy new cases of polio since two thousand and five. Those cases, however, were caused by the polio vaccine itself.
There are two kinds of polio vaccine(疫苗). The one given by injection contains killed virus, which cannot cause polio. The one given by mouth contains live but weakened virus. In very rare cases the virus can change and cause polio.
The way to stop the spread now is more vaccinations. But officials worry that people in northern Nigeria may, once again, fear the vaccine. In recent years, local leaders spread stories that Western nations had poisoned the vaccine with the virus that causes AIDS.
The United States Food and Drug Administration had told parents not to give them to children under age two unless a doctor says to use them.
The F.D.A. gave the advice as it announced a meeting of experts to discuss cold medicines for children. That advisory committee met last week -- and voted that these drugs should not be given to children under the age of six.
Members said there is not enough evidence to show that these drugs work in children. They called for more research.
The committee also said that liquid medicines should all use the same measurement terms. This could reduce the risk of parents giving their children too much. In rare cases, deaths have been reported from overdoses.
The drug industry says its products are safe and effective for children. But it says parents need to be better educated about how to use them. A week before the meeting, the industry decided to end sales of cold products for children under two.
The underlined word in the second paragraph means_____.

A.concerned B.affirmed
C.discovered D.defined

Which sentence is TRUE according to the passage?

A.Sudan had been polio-charged since two thousand five.
B.Nigeria has had already seventy new cases of polio since two thousand and five. last month.
C.There are three kinds of polio vaccine.
D.The virus can rarely change and cause polio.

Why do officials worry that people in northern Nigeria may fear the vaccine once again?

A.Because the vaccine has no effect on polio
B.Because the vaccine with the virus can change and cause polio
C.Because the stories were spread that western nations had poisoned the vaccine with the virus that causes AIDS.
D.The passage doesn’t tell us.

The underlined sentence in the passage can be replaced by______.

A.There are many death cases because of taking too much
B.Almost no death cases have been found because of taking too much
C.Many death cases have been reported
D.Death cases have never been reported for taking too much

We can infer from the passage that______.
A. the United States Food and Drug Administration had told parents not to give them to children under age two
B. there is enough evidence to show that these drugs work in children
C. a week before the meeting, the industry decided to end sales of cold products for children under six
D. the children should be very careful to take cold medicine
D. It should be cautious for children’s taking cold medicine

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