As the forceful king of Macedonia(马其顿), Alexander the Great overthrew the Persian Empire, becoming a hero that would survive centuries after his death.
Born in 356 B.C., Alexander III was the son of Philip II and Olympias. Alexander’s parents wanted him to receive the finest education, and arranged for him to study under Aristotle, regarded as one of the greatest scholars.
Alexander’s father was a strong leader. Philip II built an impressive army and established the Macedonian kingdom; he was even planning to attack Persia shortly before his death.
In 336, Philip was murdered by one of his guards. Although it was obvious that the guard had a personal hatred, there are clues that other people were related to it.
After Alexander was cleared as a suspect, he succeeded his father without opposition, and killed those said to be responsible for his father’s murder, as well as all rivals. He was then just 20 years old. He then prepared to attack Persia.
In the spring of 334, Alexander led the army made up of nearly 50,000 soldiers into Asia, which is called “the most powerful military expedition ever to leave Greece”, He soundly defeated the Persian army at the Granicus River, sending a strong message to Darius III, leader of the Persian Empire.
In 333, Alexander faced Darius at Issus, a mountain pass. The Macedonian army was greatly outnumbered but able to work the narrow mountain passageway to their advantage. Darius managed to escape. Continuing down the Mediterranean Coast, Alexander took every city in his path.
In 332 Alexander declared Egypt to be part of the Greek Empire and was crowned Pharaoh(法老).
When Alexander left Egypt in 331, he defeated the Persians again and was crowned leader of Asia.
In 323, however, Alexander developed a fever on the way back home and died 10 days later at Babylon. He was just 33 years old. What can we know about Philip’s death?
| A．He was killed by someone intending to take power from him. |
| B．Alexander sent someone who hated Philip to kill him. |
| C．His death was related to his plan of fighting Persia. |
| D．The murder might be organized by a group of people. |
The Macedonian army could defeat the Persians at Issus mainly because _________.
| A．Darius didn’t command his army in the battlefield |
| B．Macedonian soldiers were more than the Persian soldiers |
| C．Macedonian soldiers could fight better at the mountain pass |
| D．Macedonia was more powerful than the Persian Empire |
In which order did Alexander do the following things?
a．Totally overthrew the Persian Empire.
b．Defeated the Persian army at Issus.
c．Was crowned Pharaoh of Egypt.
d．Defeated the Persian army at the Granicus River.
e．Became the leader of Macedonia.
| A．e, d, b, c, a | B．d, e, a, c, b |
| C．e, b, d, c, a | D．d, a, c, e, b |
According to the passage, we can infer _________.
| A．Aristotle taught Alexander how to defeat other nations |
| B．Alexander was happy about his father’s death |
| C．Persia is tougher to defeat than Egypt |
| D．Macedonia soon declined after Alexander died |
More than three billion people are at risk from indoor air pollution because of the heating or cooking fuels they use. Most live inAfrica, India and China. They use wood, crop waste, animal waste orcoal. These solid fuels may be the least costly fuels available. Butthey are also a major cause of health problems and death.
The Aprovecho Research Center has been designing cookingstoves for the developing world. People having less money use woodor biomass for cooking; the richer people use oil and gas. It's estimated that wood is running out more quickly than oil and gas.
The group has made stoves using mud, bricks, sheet metal, clay, ceramics and old oil drums. Most of the stoves look like large, deep cooking pots. They have an opening at the bottom for the fireand a place on top to put a pot.
In the late 1970s, Aprovecho produced a popular stove calledthe Lorena. The Lorena was good at reducing smoke and warminghomes. But new tests years later found that it was not efficient. Theused twice as much wood as an open fire, and took muchlonger to heat food. Since then, they have experimented with count-less other designs.
Their goal is to make an inexpensive stove—let's say fivedollars— that makes little smoke, and it's safe for health and reducesglobal warming and deforestation(采伐森林).
Aprovecho has now partnered with a stove manufacturer inChina. The company is making Aprovecho's first mass producedstoves. They are said to use 40% - 50% less wood than an openfire, and produce 50% -70% less smoke. A company called Stove-Tec is selling them through its Web site for less than ten dollars. Dean Still says that more than one hundred thousand have been soldso far. The underlined word " biomass " ，in Paragraph 2 refers to __________
| A．oil and gas | B．wood |
| C．coal | D．crop waste or animal waste |
The following sentence is taken from the passage, it is probablyplaced at the end of __________.
A World Health Organization estimate that over 1,500,000 people a year die from breathing smoke from solid fuels.
| A．Paragraph 1 | B．Paragraph 2 |
| C．Paragraph 3 | D．Paragraph 4 |
Which information about the Lorena mentioned in Paragraph 4is WRONG?
| A．It was a popular stove which began to produce in 1970. |
| B．It was able to be used to bring down smoke. |
| C．It was good at heating houses. |
| D．It turned to consume more fuel later. |
Stoves the Aprovecho Research Center has been designingshould have the following characteristics ：__________.
（1）enormous （2）costly （3）efficient (4)low-carbon (5)cleaner
| A．1. 2. 4 | B．3. 4. 5. |
| C．2. 3. 5. | D．1. 3. 4. |
You can probably read the passage in a magazine about __________
A climate change
B. financial crisis
C. an environmentally-friendly life
D. commercial advertisement
Greg Woodburn, a student at the University of Southern California, spends much time cleaning sneakers. Some once belonged tohim; some were his friends. But soon they will have new owners; underprivilegedchildren in the US and 20 other countries, thanks toWoodburn's Share Our Shoes (S. 0. S.) charity.
He was once a football star in high school. " I started thinkingabout all the things I got from running—the health benefits, thefriendships, the confidence, " he says. “And I realized there arechildren who don't even have shoes.”
Woodburn gathered up his own slightly worn sneakers, thenput out a call to teammates and the town. His goal was to have 100pairs by Christmas 2007. Surprisingly the count climbed to 500pairs. Back then, the sneakers came from donation boxes at the localsporting goods store and from door-to-door pickups. Woodburn hasnow set up collection boxes at two high schools. To date, S. 0. S. hascollected and donated over 3，000 pairs.
Woodburn has cleaned almost all of them. “People think of itas dirty work, “He says.”But I like doing it. As I work, I imaginewho will get each pair. “It takes three to five minutes to clean onepair, and he'll do up to 100 pairs at a time.
To ship the footwear, Woodburn teamed with Sports Gift, anonprofit organization that provides soccer and baseball equipmentto children around the world, whose founder and president saidGreg's running shoes were a nice addition. For many recipients, theshoes represent opportunity. Two boys in Southern California attended school on alternate(间隔的）days because they shared a pair of shoes. They were too big for one boy and too small the other. Thanksto S. 0. S. ，each brother received his own pair of shoes. The boysnow attend school daily. When they graduate, they say, they willhelp a stranger, just as Woodburn helped them. The underlined word “underprivileged" in Paragraph I mostprobably means __________.
| A．modest | B．poor |
| C．naughty | D．aggressive |
According to the passage, which of the following statement isfalse of Greg Woodburn?
| A．Greg Woodburn was a football star when he was a senior student. |
| B．Greg Woodburn is the founder of Share Our Shoes (S. 0. S.). |
| C．Greg Woodburn has donated more than 100 shoes so far. |
| D．Greg Woodburn spends a lot of time cleaning almost all theshoes. |
We can infer from Paragraph 3 that __________.
| A．many people support Woodburn's Share Our Shoes (S. 0. S.)charity |
| B．Greg Woodburn collects shoes only by setting up collection boxes |
| C．high school students don't value their sneakers |
| D．Greg Woodburn collected 3，000 shoes by Christmas 2007 |
In the last paragraph the author mainly wants to tell us __________
| A．Sports Gift is a department of Woodburn's S. 0. S. |
| B．there are so many poor families in Southern California. |
| C．the shoes from S. 0. S. are too big for some children. |
| D．the shoes from S. 0. S. play an important part in somechildren's life. |
According to the passage, which of the following words can bestdescribe Greg Woodburn?
| A．Do-nothing. | B．Hot-headed. |
| C．Warm-hearted. | D．Self-serving. |
We lived in a quiet neighborhood. One evening I heard a loudcrash. Earlier my wife had asked me to the store for soft drinks. Myteenage daughter Holly practiced her driving, so I sent her to thestore in my truck.
At dinner my son talked about how much he liked my truck. Ienjoyed having it, but I said ： “My heart is not set on that truck. Ilike it but it is just metal and won't last forever. Never set your hearton anything that won't last. "
After hearing the loud noise, the whole family ran outside. Myson shouted, ‘ Holly crashed your truck. ’
The accident had occurred in my own driveway. Holly hadcrashed my truck into our other vehicle, the family van. In her inexperience, she had confused the brake and the gas pedal. Holly wasunhurt physically, but she was crying, “Dad, I'm sorry. I know howmuch you love this truck. ，" I held her in my arms as she cried.
Later a friend asked what had happened to my truck. I told herthe whole story. She said, “That happened to me when I was a girl. I borrowed my dad's car and ran into a log that had fallen across theroad. I ruined the car. When I got home my dad knocked me to theground and began to kick me. “Over40 years later, she still felt thepain of that night. It was a deep wound on her soul.
I remembered how sad Holly was the night she crashed ourtruck, and how I comforted her. When Holly thinks back on herlife, I want her to know that I love her a thousand times more thanany piece of property.
I repaired the van, but the dent in my truck is still there to-day. Every day it reminds me of what really matters in my life. The reason why the author sent Holly to the store was that ____
| A．Holly liked soft drinks |
| B．he wanted to teach her a lesson |
| C．he was busy preparing the meal |
| D．it would be a good time to let her practice driving |
We can infer from the passage that __________.
| A．the truck is the only vehicle in the author's family |
| B．the author's son don't like driving the truck at all |
| C．we shouldn't blame someone after an accident |
| D．the friend admired the author's love to Holly |
From Paragraph 4 we can learn that __________ caused the crash.
| A．the lack of Holly's driving experience |
| B．something wrong with the brake |
| C．a log falling across the road |
| D．a van parking on the driveway |
Which of the following statements is right?
| A．When the author saw the crash, he was sorry for the damageto the truck. |
| B．The author shows love is more important than possessions bycomforting his daughter. |
| C．Holly suffered physical pain for a long time and lost courageto drive. |
| D．The friend's father kicked her out of the house. |
The best title for the passage is __________.
| A．Don't Let a Teenager Drive |
| B．An Accident in a Quiet Neighborhood |
| C．A Friend's Painful Stories |
| D．What Really Matters |
Junior Achievement is an international movement to educateyoung people about business and economics. The organization is thelargest of its kind. It reaches over eight million students each yearin more than 100 countries. Programs begin in elementary schooland continue through middle and high school. The education isbased on the ideas of market-based economics and entrepreneurship(企业家的身份）. It began in 1919 in Springfield, Massachusetts. For more than 50 years, Junior Achievement programs met afterschool. They began as a group of business clubs. The organizationstarted with a small number of children aged ten to twelve. But in1975，Junior Achievement began to offer classes during schoolhours. Many more young people joined the organization once it began to teach business skills as part of the school day.
Volunteers from the community teach about businesses, howthey are organized, and how products are made and sold. They alsoteach about the American and world economies and about industryand trade.
The Junior Achievement Company Program teaches young people how entrepreneurship works. They learn about business by operating their own companies.
The students develop a product and sell shares in their company. They use the money to buy the materials they need to make theirproduct , which then they sell. Finally, they return the profits to thepeople who bought shares in the company.
Junior Achievement says 287，000 volunteers support its pro-grams around the world. In the US alone, there are more than22，000 places that hold Junior Achievement events. According to the passage, the purpose of Junior Achievement isto help young people _________.
| A．prepare to succeed in a world economy |
| B．pass the exams about business and economics |
| C．operate their own companies |
| D．develop a product and sell shares |
The information about the Junior Achievement is true EXCEPT _________
| A．it is an international movement to educate young peopleabout business and economics |
| B．the Junior Achievement started in 1919 |
| C．since 1975，Junior Achievement has offered classes duringschool hours |
| D．it has 22，000 places to hold Junior Achievement eventsaround the world |
The Junior Achievement teaches the following EXCEPT _________
| A．how products are made and sold |
| B．how businesses are organized |
| C．how entrepreneurship works |
| D．how to become a volunteer from the community |
The Junior Achievement programs are taught by _________.
| A．volunteers around the world | B．famous enterprisers in the US |
| C．a group of business clubs | D．many young people |
（1）American schools are looking for ways to save money on bustransportation because of high fuel prices. （2）Some schools, especially in rural areas, are changing to a four-day week. （3）That meanslonger days instead of the traditional Monday through Friday schedule.
Beginning in the fall of 2008，students in the Maccray schooldistrict in Minnesota will be in school Tuesday through Friday. Eachschool day will be sixty-five minutes longer. The district expects to " save about 65，000 dollars a year in transportation costs. The districthas about 700 students living in an area of 900 square kilometers.
In Custer, South Dakota, students have been going to schoolMonday through Thursday since 1995. The change has saved an estimated one million dollars over just the past eight years.
But he sees other benefits, too. Students get more instructionaltime. And activities that used to interfere with classes are now heldon non-school days.
In the future, the growth of online classes could make it possible to require even fewer days in school. High fuel prices are driving college students to take more online classes. And in somestates, high school students can take them, too.
In New Mexico, the first school district changed to a four-dayweek in 1974 because of the Arab oil boycott. Now, 17 out of 89districts use it.
A four-day school week sounds like a great idea for studentsand teachers because they are too tired. But working parents mayhave to pay for child care for that fifth day. The Lake Arthur SchoolDistrict has just 160 students. Lake Arthur used a four-day schedulefor twelve years. But a few years ago it went back to five days. The following sentences can be added in Paragraph 1 _________. More children may have to walk, ride their bikes or find otherways to get to school. But, as another effect of the high prices, they may not have to go to school as often.
| A．at the beginning of （1） | B．between （1） and （2） |
| C．between（2） and （3） | D．at the end of （3） |
We can infer from Paragraph 2 that _________.
| A．students in the district will go to school four days a week be-sides Monday |
| B．the district will spend 65，000 dollars every year on transportation costs |
| C．students in the district will stay at school 260 minutes longerthan before |
| D．students in the district live near the school |
A four-day school week is a good idea because _________.
| A．the price of fuel is higher than before |
| B．there are so many students that the city streets are full of traffic |
| C．students and teachers are tired and students can get more instructional time |
| D．both A and C |
_________is carrying out a four-day schedule these days.
| A．The Lake Arthur School District |
| B．The Maccray school district in Minnesota |
| C．The school district in Custer, South Dakota |
| D．All the school districts in New Mexico |