Invention is a creative process. An open and curious mind enables one to see beyond what is known. Seeing a new possibility, a new connection or relationship can spark(引发) an invention. Inventive thinking frequently involves combining concepts or elements from different fields that would not normally be put together. Sometimes inventors skip over the boundaries between separate fields. Ways of thinking, materials, processes or tools from one field are used as no one else has imagined in a different field.
Play can lead to invention. Childhood curiosity like playing in a sand box, imagination can develop one’s play nature—an inner need according to Carl Jung. Inventors feel the need to play with things that interest them, and to explore, and this internal drive brings about interesting creations.
Inventing can also be an obsession(痴迷). Inventors often imagine a new idea, seeing it in their mind’s eye. New ideas can arise when the conscious mind turns away from the subject or problem; or when the focus is on something else; or even while relaxing or sleeping. An unusual idea may come all of a sudden! For example, after years of working to figure out the general theory of relativity, the solution came to Einstein suddenly in a dream “like a giant die making an unforgettable impress, a huge map of the universe summarized itself in one clear vision”.
Invention can also be accidental. Insight(洞察力) is also an important element of invention. It may begin with questions or doubt. It may begin by recognizing something unusual. It may be useful and it could open a new way for exploration. For example, the odd metallic color of plastic made by accidentally adding too much catalyst(催化剂) led scientists to explore its metal-like properties(性能). They then invented electrically conductive plastic and light emitting(散发) plastic—an invention that won the Nobel Prize in 2000 and has led to new kind of lighting, display screens, wallpaper and much more.
Title: 1
| A(n) 3 process |
◆Look 2 than we know now. ◆Give combining concepts or 4 elements from different fields. ◆No one can 5 this before. |
| An obsession |
◆ 6 often imagine a new idea. ◆An unusual idea may come 7 . |
| A(n) 8 |
◆A vital element of invention is 9 . ◆It may open a new way for exploration. ◆Accidental actions can 10 to innovation. |
阅读下面短文，根据以下要求：（1）汉语提示；（2）首字母提示；（3）语境提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的英语单词，所填单词要求意义准确、拼写正确。
Friday Jan. 9,2009 Cloudy
This morning, on my way to school, I saw something lying by the roadside. To my s , it was a gold necklace. I quickly picked it and looked around. No one seemed to be looking for the lost
necklace. Should I hand it in to the
(最近的) police station?
But classes would begin in a minutes. I had no time to deal with it. So, I decided to t
it with me to school for the time being. Soon
I got to school, classed began. After class, I handed in the necklace to the headmaster,
(告诉) him the story. He spoke h
of my honesty. When school was over, I heard our school radio station broadcast the school
(新闻) that
(表扬) me for doing a good deed. Mom and Dad were overjoyed to hear my story.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
In many countries,_ ___ is not unusual for families of different backgrounds to live together in the shared space. __
__, in the United States, this idea may still be considered odd.
But this type of housing, ____(call) co-housing, is gaining _
___(popular) in the United States, too. Co-housing complexes are popping up across the country. For many people, this way of life is a
___(relieve) to the busy modern lifestyle. A co-housing community has
__(private) owned houses and shared land. There is often a “common house” with a kitchen and dining room, meeting room, and maybe a workshop of library or music room. About 25 co-housing communities __
__(build) in recent years, and 150 more are planned.
A co-housing complex is a place ___ residents shop, cook, and eat together. Residents of a co-housing complex like its sense of shared community. Children have other kids to play _
___which many families like. Other residents like the feeling of living in a “village”. Residents also say that they can live in co-housing for _
__(little) money than they would pay for nearby apartments.
任务型阅读（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
Visiting a new place can be a scary experience for a lot of people because it could include speaking in a language that most people are not comfortable with ---- English. So how can you keep away form this kind of situation? Learn how to speak English fluently. Here are 4 English speaking tips you must know to become a more confident English speaker.
1. Listen first.
One of the best English speaking tips is to listen carefully to understandable English EVERY DAY. Most people turn to textbooks to study English grammar rules, but you cannot learn the correct English pronunciation of the words merely by reading them. You do not need to learn grammar in detail because this can prevent you from speaking English fluently.
Instead, listen to how native English speakers pronounce and observe their mouth movements. Also watch English shows and movies to build on your English accent and improve your vocabulary.
2. Practice makes perfect.
Studies show that you’ll probably spend three months of practice every day in order to have strong mouth muscles. Read aloud in English for 15 to 20 minutes a day in front of the mirror, which helps in accent reduction and improves your English communication skills.
Also, practice with your friends and family. Talking with a good English speaker can help improvise (即兴发挥) your usage of words and formation of sentences.
3. Think in English.
One of the most effective English speaking tips is to think in English. What most English learners do in the early stages of learning is that they think of what they have to say in their native language, translate and then say it in English. This can be mentally tiring.
If your goal is to speak English fluently, you need to learn “thinking” in English. Make up the sentences in English as you think about them before saying them. With practice, you will be able to respond automatically in English.
4. Be more confident.
All these English speaking tips will be in vain if you are not that confident in your English speaking skills. It is quite natural to commit errors when learning a new language.
Try to relax if you’re speaking in English. When you speak at a normal speed, you’ll discover that you will be able to pronounce the words correctly and people will understand you. Most of the time, the person you are talking to is not even aware of your errors.
In a word, learning English does not happen overnight. It takes a lot of time, effort and practice. Don’t get too frustrated and never give up. Follow these English speaking tips and practice daily. Soon, you would learn to speak English fluently as if it is your own language.
English speaking tips you must know
| Introduction |
It’s many people’s dream to |
Tips |
Listen first. v Seeking help from textbooks won’t enable you to learn the v Listen to how native English speakers pronounce and observe how their mouths v Watch English shows and movies to improve your English accent and |
| Practice makes perfect. v Practice three months to v Regular reading v Practice with your friends and family. |
|
| Think in English. v Thinking in your native language makes you v Thinking in English will reward you with automatic |
|
| Be more confident. v Committing errors is a necessary part of language learning. v Try to relax to speak at a normal speed and make yourself |
|
| Learning English does not happen overnight. |
Directions Read．the following passage．Fill．in the numbered, blanks by using the information from the passage．
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer．
Learning to improve your focus throughout the day can be a little difficult, only because we are talking about 18 to 24 hours, depending on the number of hours you sleep．However, if we break down your day into manageable time frames, it would make it much easier to learn to improve your focus．
Focus, or concentration, is a skill that can be taught, so there are some exercises you can do to improve your focus．
Start with easy exercises like staring at a picture on the wall for a few minutes without moving or talking to anyone．Once you learn how to block out your surroundings, your focus will improve．
Other mind exercises you can do are internalizing．This is when you picture yourself in a desired situation, and then you work around your picture．Actors do this a lot to block out laughter, noise, or other distractions．An example of this would be to imagine you in a potentially stressful situation, like a singer in a concert．Try to play out the scene in your mind what you would do if different scenarios were to happen．This can actually be a lot of fun．and you learn how to improve your focus by concentrating on one thing only．
If this sounds a little strange to you, you could try another strategy．Why not make lists? Make a list for the things you need to accomplish for the morning, another for the afternoon．and finally, another list for the evening．Study your lists carefully and see where you can move things around．
For instance, if you have a dinner to arrange that evening, don't bunch up everything in the afternoon, right before the guests arrive．Divide your chores and errands between morning and afternoon, and give yourself an hour or two to relax before the guests arrive．Planning helps you focus．It will also not stress you out．
Another way to improve your focus is to take breaks．If children have rest and lunch as their breaks, adults should also allow themselves the privilege of stopping for a drink or a 30 minute sitcom on TV．Of course, if you are working in an office, you are allowed coffee breaks．Use this time wisely．Don't spend it with your co-workers beside the coffee machine talking about problems in the office．Doing this would actually stress you and get you to lose focus on the things that need to be done．Your breaks should be as quiet as possible．Read a book．take a walk．or visit a daycare．Go and do anything that will give your brain a rest．
The reason why we lose focus so easily is because we have too much on our minds．Of course, it could also be because you are bored with nothing to do all day．A good balance between a too relaxed brain and an overly active brain is a desirable situation to be in．Find your capacity to work, and try not to veer away too far from it on a daily basis．Improving your focus also means knowing what you can do and being confident about doing it well．
Focus is important but difficult to improve
1． to improve your focus
I ．Staring at picture．
◆Staring at a wall picture to learn to block out surroundings
Ⅱ．．
◆Concentrating on imagining a potentially stressful work place to block out
Ⅲ． ．
◆Dividing a day into for chores and errands to be done．as well as arranging time for relaxation
IV．Taking breaks．
◆Wisely using time to have a drink, watch TV quietly instead of ; just resting your brain
2． for easily losing focus
◆Having too much on minds
◆all day
Conclusion Keepingbetween extremely relaxed brain and too active brain．
Loneliness is all about feeling isolated, but it's actually quite common. In general, there are three different types of loneliness.
The first kind of loneliness is temporary. It is the most common type but usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation, such as, family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, it usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is chronic (the opposite of “temporary”). Being the most severe, it usually lasts for more than two years and is often connected with serious illnesses.
An important factor in loneliness is a person’s social contacts. Through social contacts, we get emotional support and guidance from our parents and teachers and share similar interests and activities with our friends. However, some lonely people almost make no contacts with people around them and feel apart from those who they supposedly know well. They just see themselves as outsiders. On the other hand, some lonely people may have enough social contacts, but they rarely enjoy the contacts and question their popularity, thinking of themselves as someone powerless. So loneliness is closely related to the quality of those social relationship in addition to the quantity.
Loneliness is tough, but something can be done to cope with it. First, take time to accept that you are suffering from loneliness. Then, contact your old friends or visit relatives to spend quality time with others. Besides, pick up a hobby to reduce your feelings of loneliness, such as taking up needle work, joining craft classes, or attending lectures. You can also beat loneliness by volunteering at a nursing home, hospital, church or pet rescue organization. This not only helps you get in touch with people from all walks of life, but also makes you feel good about yourself.
In a word, if you take a correct attitude towards loneliness and get involved with people around you, you are sure to get over it.
| Loneliness Loneliness is quite common. Ⅰ. ●Temporary loneliness: disappearing quickly and requiring ●Situational loneliness: resulting from some particular situation, ● Ⅱ. An important factor in loneliness: ●Lack social relationship quantity: feeling disconnected with others treating themselves as ●Lack Ⅲ. ●Face the problem and accept it ●Contact ●Pick up hobbies ● Taking a correct attitude and getting involved with others, people are sure to get over loneliness. |